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Query: UMLS:C0242379 (lung cancer)
 71,905 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Marrow transplantation is effective treatment for a number of haematological diseases in patients under the age of 50 who have an HLA-identical sibling donor. It is generally successful when used early in the treatment of aplastic anaemia. It is the only treatment that offers long-term disease-free survival for patients with acute leukaemia who have relapsed at least once, with 10-30 per cent apparent cures. Although still somewhat controversial, it appears also to be the treatment of choice for patients with acute non-lymphoblastic leukaemia in first chemotherapy induced remission and for those with chronic myelogenous leukaemia in the chronic phase since approximately 50-60 per cent of these patients are surviving after marrow transplantation in complete remission, apparently cured. Marrow grafting is the only effective treatment for many patients with inherited immunological-deficiency diseases and certain genetic storage diseases. It is being explored for the therapy of patients with lymphoma, Hodgkin's disease, multiple myeloma, small-cell lung cancer, testicular cancer, ovarian cancer and genetic disorders of haematopoiesis. Cures of congenital Fanconi anaemia, Blackfan-Diamond anaemia, osteopetrosis, and paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria have been achieved by marrow grafting. Genetic disorders associated with haemolytic anaemia and cyclic neutropenia have been cured by marrow grafting in animals. Target disorders for marrow transplantation in humans are thalassaemia major and sickle cell disease, and, indeed, a first successful transplant for treatment of thalassaemia major has recently been described (Thomas et al, 1982). Marrow transplantation has been limited by the fact that many patients do not have HLA-identical siblings and very few have monozygotic twins. The Seattle team has now explored the use of less well-matched family member donors in more than 80 patients with leukaemia. These donors share one HLA haplotype genetically with the patient and are phenotypically identical at two of the three major HLA loci on the other HLA haplotype (Clift et al, 1979). Overall, the post-transplant survival appears more a reflection of the type and stage of the leukaemia than of the marrow donor. Patients with leukaemia grafted in relapse have a projected survival of 20-30 per cent and those transplanted in remission of 50 per cent. The incidence and severity of GVHD may not be significantly different from that of patients given HLA-identical sibling marrow grafts.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Application of bone marrow transplantation in leukaemia and aplastic anaemia. 635 79

Thirty six patients with advanced solid tumors (24 lung: 3 oat-cell, 14 squamous, 7 adenocarcinomas, 3 soft tissue sarcomas, 6 breast carcinomas; 1 seminoma; 2 ovarian adenocarcinomas) entered a phase II study of high-dose ifosfamide (IF) administered in combination with the uroprotective agent sodium 2-mercapto-ethane-sulfonate (Mesna). Fourteen patients had prior treatment; most patients with lung cancer (22/24) were previously untreated; all had measurable disease. The patients median age was 59 (range 31-74). IF was given at 1.8 g/m2 days 1-5 q 4 weeks. Mesna was given after each IF injection at 0, 4 and 8 h randomly, either i.v. (0.36 g/m2) or orally (0.72 g/m2). Twenty-four patients had greater than or equal to 3 courses of therapy, 9 had 2 courses, and 3 had only 1 course; 129 courses were evaluated for toxicity. Mesna was given orally (17 patients, 57 courses) or i.v. (19 patients, 72 courses). The following side-effect were observed: no gross hematuria, microhematuria (14 courses), transitory mild proteinuria (34 courses), leukopenia grade I-II ECOG (26 courses), anemia grade I ECOG (31 courses), 1 case of pancytopenia, alopecia (31 patients), nausea (moderate, 33 courses; severe, 6 courses), vomiting (moderate, 17 courses; severe, 1 course). Five patients showed a partial response (1 oat-cell carcinoma, 2 with squamous lung cancer, 1 with ovarian carcinoma, 1 with breast carcinoma), 14 showed a minor response (2 patients with oat-cell carcinoma, 2 with lung adenocarcinoma, 5 with squamous lung cancer, 1 with seminoma, 1 with sarcoma, 1 with ovarian carcinoma), and 14 showed progression of disease (7 patients with squamous cell lung cancer, 4 with lung adenocarcinoma, 1 with sarcoma, 2 with breast carcinoma). Considering partial plus minor responses, ifosfamide produced some degree of tumor reduction (PR + MR) in 12/23 (52.1%) lung cancer patients. The data reported support the conclusions that Mesna can prevent high-dose IF bladder toxicity, that IF is active in advanced solid tumors, including lung cancer, and that the IF + Mesna combination is a generally safe treatment procedure.
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PMID:Phase II study of ifosfamide combined with Mesna uroprotection in advanced non-small-cell lung carcinoma and other solid tumors. 643 51

A review of the health effects of cadmium is presented. Overexposure to cadmium produces numerous acute and chronic effects. Cases of acute poisoning resemble metal-fume poisoning. The first and most distinctive indication of chronic effects is renal tubular dysfunction characterized by proteinuria. Other chronic effects include liver damage, emphysema, osteomalacia, neurological impairment, testicular, pancreatic, and adrenal damage, and anemia. Tumorigenic effects have been observed in animals, and excessive prostatic and lung cancer has been observed in worker studies. In vitro and in vivo mutagenic effects have been noted. Cadmium has been shown to cause hypertension in animals; however, it is unclear whether it is capable of causing similar effects in exposed human populations. Normal urinary excretion is less than 2 micrograms/day and correlates with exposure. Normal blood concentration is below 10 ng/gm of whole blood, and although levels are elevated in exposed groups, there is no apparent direct correlation. Hair values correlate well with exposure. Occupational and environmental standards are discussed.
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PMID:A review of the health effects of cadmium. 704 11

A patient with lung cancer treated by radiation and in remission presented with a two-month history of compulsive eating of raw, chilled potatoes. Suspicion of a pica due to iron-deficiency anemia was confirmed after complete laboratory evaluation. The source of iron loss was found to be gastrointestinal bleeding. Therapy with iron sulfate was begun, with a subsequent increase in the hemoglobin level; the pica ceased within one week of initiation of therapy. If searched for, pica is a common manifestation of iron deficiency; however, this patient apparently represents the first report of geomelophagia. Appropriate investigation of compulsive eating habits might lead to the diagnosis of iron deficiency and also allay patients' anxieties toward their behavior.
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PMID:Geomelophagia. An unusual pica in iron-deficiency anemia. 714 84

Lead, cadmium, mercury and arsenic are widely dispersed in the environment. Adults are primarily exposed to these contaminants in the workplace. Children may be exposed to toxic metals from numerous sources, including contaminated air, water, soil and food. The chronic toxic effects of lead include anemia, neuropathy, chronic renal disease and reproductive impairment. Lead is a carcinogen in three animal species. Cadmium causes emphysema, chronic renal disease, cancer of the prostate and possibly of the lung. Inorganic mercury causes gingivitis, stomatitis, neurologic impairment and nephrosis, while organic mercurials cause sensory neuropathy, ataxia, dysarthria and blindness. Arsenic causes dermatitis, skin cancer, sensory neuropathy, cirrhosis, angiosarcoma of the liver, lung cancer and possibly lymphatic cancer.
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PMID:Occupational and community exposures to toxic metals: lead, cadmium, mercury and arsenic. 716 33

The objectives of the study were to evaluate the combination of cisplatin and prolonged oral etoposide for response rate, survival, and toxicity. The treatment regimen consisted of etoposide (50 mg/m2/day) p.o. for 21 consecutive days and cisplatin (100 mg/m2) i.v. on day 1 every 28 days for up to six courses. Patients with Stage IIIB or IV non-small cell lung cancer who had not received prior chemotherapy and had an ECOG performance status of 0-2 were eligible if they had normal bone marrow, liver and renal functions. Patients were followed weekly for toxicity including complete blood counts. The total number of patients entered in the study was 60, of whom 56 were male and four female, 40 white and 20 African Americans. Median age was 64 years (range, 39-77). Performance status 0, 1, and 2 was present in five, 39, and 16 patients, respectively. Fourteen patients had Stage IIIB and 46 Stage IV disease. A total of 142 treatment courses were administered (median 2, range 1-6). Three patients had a complete response and 19 patients had a partial response for an objective response rate of 37% (95% confidence interval, 31-43%). Median survival was 5 months (range, 1-39+). Neutropenia was the major toxicity with Grade 4 occurring in 25 patients after the first course. The following percent of patients experienced severe or life-threatening hematologic toxicity (Grade 3 and 4 combined) over all courses: leukopenia, 73%; neutropenia, 73%; anemia, 42%; and thrombocytopenia, 37%. Three patients died of neutropenic sepsis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Lung Cancer 1995 Mar
PMID:Phase II study of prolonged oral etoposide in combination with intravenous cisplatin in advanced non-small cell lung cancer. 760 31

A total of 18 patients with locally advanced (Stage III) adenocarcinoma and large cell undifferentiated carcinoma of the lung, previously untreated, were enrolled in a Phase II trial. Treatment consisted of carboplatin 325 mg/m2, day 1 and etoposide 100 mg/m2 on days 2 and 3. All patients were evaluable for response. Of these, one patient had a partial response (5.5%; confidence interval 0-24%). Toxicity comprised mainly leukopenia and anaemia. Other toxicities were mild. This Phase II study evidenced a poor response rate for these regimes on adenocarcinoma and large cell undifferentiated carcinoma of the lung.
Lung Cancer 1995 Jun
PMID:Phase II trial of carboplatin in combination with etoposide in locally advanced large cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma of the lung. 765 35

To evaluate the effectiveness of vinorelbine (NVB) in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), a late Phase II study was conducted. A total of 80 patients with Stage III or IV NSCLC who had no previous therapy were entered into the study. Seventy-nine patients were eligible for response and toxicity. NVB was administered weekly by intravenous injection at a dose of 25 mg/m2 in 20 ml of saline and was generally administered in four cycles or more, unless patients had disease progression. Of the 79 eligible patients, 23 (29.1%) showed a partial response (95% confidence interval, 19.1-40.4%). The median duration of partial responses was 14.7+ weeks. The median survival time for all patients was 40.1+ weeks. The major toxicity was leukopenia. Grade 3 and 4 leukopenia occurred in 48 patients (60.8%). Other toxicities of grade 3 or more included anemia (6.3%), local cutaneous reaction (3.8%), pneumonitis (1.3%), nausea and vomiting (1.3%), mucositis (1.3%) and constipation (1.3%). The absolute dose-intensity of NVB was 22.33 mg/m2/week. A weekly schedule of intravenous administration of 25 mg/m2/week of NVB was reasonable for maintenance of activity, and acceptable for toxicity in the chemotherapy of advanced NSCLC.
Lung Cancer 1994 Dec
PMID:A phase II study of vinorelbine, a new derivative of vinca alkaloid, for previously untreated advanced non-small cell lung cancer. Japan Vinorelbine Lung Cancer Study Group. 770 95

The case of a 44-year-old man with metastatic tumor of the small intestine from large cell carcinoma of the lung was reported. The patient underwent exploratory thoracotomy because of tumor invasion into the left ventricle. He was discharged from our department after chemotherapy and irradiation. However, he was again admitted because of the development of anemia secondary to melena. An abdominal ultrasonography revealed ascites and tumor of the small intestine. Symptoms of ileus also developed. A laparotomy was performed. The metastatic tumors were found in the jejunum, and resection of jejunum was performed. The postoperative course of the patient was uneventful, and he survived one month after laparotomy. Small bowel metastasis of lung cancer, which is unusual pattern of metastasis, is also reviewed.
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PMID:[Small bowel metastasis from large cell carcinoma of the lung: report of a case]. 789 91

Sixty-four SCLC patients (44 males and 20 females, median age 60 years, median PS 60%) were treated with an IEP regimen. Forty-nine cases were evaluable, 35 cases were limited disease (LD) and 14 cases were extensive disease (ED). Treatment consisted of ifosfamide 1.5 g/m2 i.v. infusion for 4 h on days 1 and 2 with mesna uroprotection; epirubicin 60 mg/m2 i.v. on day 1; and cis-platin 60 mg/m2 i.v. infusion over 2 h on day 3; repeated treatment every 4 weeks. Eighty percent response rate (95% confidence limit = 66.75% to 93.25%) was seen in LD with 22.8% CR. In ED, total response rate was 85.7% (95% confidence limit = 67.36% to 104.04%) with 21.4% CR. One-year survival of LD was 45.5% and ED was 17.6%. Treatment toxicity was moderate. Most common toxic effects included alopecia, leukopenia (28.5% grade 3, 14.3% grade 4) nausea and vomiting (50% grade 2, 15% grade 3) and anemia (26.5% grade 3 and 4). Addition of thoracic radiotherapy after complete chemotherapy (only CR and PR in LD cases) was a good prognostic factor. These results suggest that IEP regimen is one of the active combination for SCLC. The dosage of IEP in this study caused moderate toxicity.
Lung Cancer 1993 Oct
PMID:Ifosfamide, epirubicin and cisplatin (IEP): another active combination for small cell lung cancer (SCLC). 806 8


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