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Query: UMLS:C0242339 (dyslipidemia)
 13,927 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A prospective analysis was conducted to assess the prevalence of dyslipidemia among 80 healthy postmenopausal Thai women who were not more than five years after menopause. Serum total cholesterol, triglycerides and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol were measured using enzymatic procedures. Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol concentration was estimated by Friedewald formula. The results showed that 91.25 per cent, 10.00 per cent, 38.75 per cent and 48.75 per cent of the studied population had total cholesterol > or = 200 mg/dl, triglycerides > or = 150 mg/dl, HDL < 50 mg/dl, and LDL > or = 190 mg/dl respectively. Of all the women, 77.50 per cent and 10.00 per cent had total cholesterol / HDL ratio of > or = 4 and had triglyceride levels of > or = 150 mg/dl with HDL < 50 mg/dl, respectively. This unexpected high prevalence of dyslipidemia in this healthy postmenopausal group should be taken into account in considering health promotion strategies for postmenopausal Thai women particularly those in the high risk group.
J Med Assoc Thai 1999 Sep
PMID:Dyslipidemia among healthy postmenopausal Thai women. 1056 46

There are contrasting data about the relationship between obesity and macrovascular complications in type 2 diabetes mellitus, and it is not known if risk factors for coronary artery disease are different in normal weight and overweight or obese patients. All 2113 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus referring to the Diabetic Clinic of Asti were studied. Patients were divided into tertiles of body mass index, according to their sex (BMI < 26.9; >/= 26.9 and < 31.4; >/= 31.4 kg/m(2) for females and BMI < 25.7; >/= 25.7 and < 28.8; >/= 28.8 kg/m(2) for males). Age, BMI, duration of diabetes, blood pressure, HbA(1c) total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, and prevalence of insulin treatment and hypertension were higher in females, whereas exercise, alcohol intake, smoking habits and prevalence of dyslipidemia were higher in males. An increase in BMI was associated with an increase in HbA(1c), number of cigarettes/day, blood pressure, triglycerides, C-peptide, prevalence of hypertension and dyslipidemia, and with a decrease in age, duration of diabetes and HDL-cholesterol values. In spite of an apparently worse cardiovascular risk profile, females showed a 50% lower prevalence of CAD than males and the prevalence of CAD was not significantly different in obese compared to other BMI categories. Multiple logistic regression showed that risk factors for CAD were different in males and females and similar in the lower tertiles of BMI, while different in the highest. In obese females, risk factors for CAD were age, reduced HDL-cholesterol and increased HbA(1c) levels; in males they were years of smoking and duration of diabetes. These data suggest that in type 2 diabetes, risk factors for CAD are different in the two sexes and in patients with the highest BMI compared to the normal and overweight subjects; blood glucose control and duration of diabetes seem more important than conventional cardiovascular risk factors in obese patients.
Acta Diabetol 1999 Sep
PMID:Sex- and BMI-related differences in risk factors for coronary artery disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. 1066 19

Hyperglycemia may lead to atherosclerosis by different pathogenic mechanisms. Nonenzymatic glycation and oxidation of LDL may increase its atherogenicity. Glycation may modify some arterial wall structural proteins. Increased blood glucose leads to hypertriglyceridemia which results in decrease of HDL-cholesterol level and in increase of atherogenic dense LDL particles. Hyperglycemia also adversely affects processes of platelet aggregation, hemocoagulation and fibrinolysis. It accelerates the development of diabetic nephropathy--a condition with a high prevalence of macrovascular diseases. Prospective epidemiologic studies have shown that diabetic patients in worse metabolic control had an increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Therapeutic randomized studies in type 1 (DCCT) and type 2 (UKPDS) diabetic patients have shown that better diabetes control had a preventive effect against development of microvascular complications. The incidence of macrovascular complications both in type 1 diabetic patients on intensive insulin or sulfonylurea treatment has been decreased on the level of borderline statistical significance. Metformin lead to a significant decrease in myocardial infarction incidence in the subgroup of obese type 2 diabetic patients. In conclusion, maximal possible metabolic control of diabetes prevents the development of microvascular complication, but more impressive decrease in macrovascular disease incidence probably requires to affect another important risk factors for atherosclerosis, such as dyslipidemia and hypertension.
Vnitr Lek 1999 Sep
PMID:[Hyperglycemia and atherosclerosis. Causal relation or association?]. 1095 84

Adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein, aP2, is a member of the intracellular fatty acid binding protein family. Previously, studies have shown increased insulin sensitivity in aP2-deficient mice with dietary obesity. Here, we asked whether aP2-related alterations in lipolytic response and insulin production are features of obesity-induced insulin resistance and investigated the effects of aP2-deficiency on glucose homeostasis and lipid metabolism in ob/ob mice, a model of extreme obesity. ob/ob mice homozygous for the aP2 null allele (ob/ ob-aP2-/-) became more obese than ob/ob mice as indicated by significantly increased body weight and fat pad size but unaltered body length. However, despite their extreme adiposity, ob/ob-aP2-/- animals were more insulin-sensitive compared with ob/ob controls, as demonstrated by significantly lower plasma glucose and insulin levels and better performance in both insulin and glucose tolerance tests. These animals also showed improvements in dyslipidemia and had lower plasma triglyceride and cholesterol levels. Lipolytic response to beta-adrenergic stimulation and lipolysis-associated insulin secretion was significantly reduced in ob/ob-aP2-/- mice. Interestingly, glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, while virtually abolished in ob/ob controls, was significantly improved in ob/ob-aP2-/- animals. There were no apparent morphological differences in the structure or size of the pancreatic islets between genotypes. Taken together, the data indicate that in obesity, aP2-deficiency not only improves peripheral insulin resistance but also preserves pancreatic beta cell function and has beneficial effects on lipid metabolism.
Endocrinology 2000 Sep
PMID:Improved glucose and lipid metabolism in genetically obese mice lacking aP2. 1096 11

Eggplant (Solanum melongena) is consumed extensively in Brazil. It has been believed that infusion of a powdered preparation of the fruit may reduce serum cholesterol. However, there are few documented reports on its effects on cholesterol metabolism and its possible hypocholesterolemic effect has not been proved by well-controlled studies. The aim of the present study was to observe the effects of S. melongena on the serum cholesterol and triglycerides of 38 hypercholesterolemic human volunteers ingesting S. melongena infusion for five weeks. Thirty-eight hypercholesterolemic subjects receiving either S. melongena infusion (N = 19) or placebo (N = 19) participated in two clinical experiments in which the effect of S. melongena infusion was studied with (N = 16) or without (N = 38) dietary orientation. Total cholesterol and its fractions, triglycerides, and apolipoproteins A and B were measured in blood at the beginning of the experiment and three and five weeks thereafter. No differences were observed compared to control. Intraindividual analysis showed that S. melongena infusion significantly reduced the blood levels of total and LDL cholesterol and of apolipoprotein B. After dietary orientation, no intra- or intergroup differences were seen for any of the parameters analyzed. The results suggest that S. melongena infusion had a modest and transitory effect, which was not different from that obtained with standard orientation for dyslipidemia patients (diet and physical activities).
Braz J Med Biol Res 2000 Sep
PMID:Eggplant (Solanum melongena) infusion has a modest and transitory effect on hypercholesterolemic subjects. 1097 33

The device of new hepatotrophic prodrugs of the antiviral nucleoside 9-(2-phosphonylmethoxyethyl)adenine (PMEA) with specificity for the asialoglycoprotein receptor on parenchymal liver cells is described. PMEA was conjugated to bi- and trivalent cluster glycosides (K(GN)(2) and K(2)(GN)(3), respectively) with nanomolar affinity for the asialoglycoprotein receptor. The liver uptake of the PMEA prodrugs was more than 10-fold higher than that of the parent drug (52+/-6% and 62+/-3% vs. 4.8+/-0.7% of the injected dose for PMEA) and could be attributed for 90% to parenchymal cells. Accumulation of the PMEA prodrugs in extrahepatic tissue (e.g., kidney, skin) was substantially reduced. The ratio of parenchymal liver cell-to-kidney uptake-a measure of the prodrugs therapeutic window-was increased from 0.058 +/- 0.01 for PMEA to 1.86 +/- 0.57 for K(GN)(2)-PMEA and even 2.69 +/- 0.24 for K(2)(GN)(3)-PMEA. Apparently both glycosides have a similar capacity to redirect (antiviral) drugs to the liver. After cellular uptake, both PMEA prodrugs were converted into the parent drug, PMEA, during acidification of the lysosomal milieu (t(1/2) approximately 100 min), and the released PMEA was rapidly translocated into the cytosol. The antiviral activity of the prodrugs in vitro was dramatically enhanced as compared to the parent drug (5- and 52-fold for K(GN)(2)-PMEA and K(2)(GN)(3)-PMEA, respectively). Given the 15-fold enhanced liver uptake of the prodrugs, we anticipate that the potency in vivo will be similarly increased. We conclude that PMEA prodrugs have been developed with greatly improved pharmacokinetics and therapeutic activity against viral infections that implicate the liver parenchyma (e.g., HBV). In addition, the significance of the above prodrug concept also extends to drugs that intervene in other liver disorders such as cholestasis and dyslipidemia.
FASEB J 2000 Sep
PMID:Novel hepatotrophic prodrugs of the antiviral nucleoside 9-(2-phosphonylmethoxyethyl)adenine with improved pharmacokinetics and antiviral activity. 1097 28

A 45-year-old nondiabetic man presented with features resembling diabetic triopathy. He worked in a rayon manufacturing plant and was exposed to toxic levels of carbon disulfide (CS(2)). Clinical abnormalities included peripheral and central nervous system abnormalities as well as retinopathy, dyslipidemia, cardiovascular disease, and nephrotic syndrome. He later developed focal sclerosing glomerulonephritis. The latter has not previously been described in cases of CS(2) exposure. Terminally, he developed end-stage renal disease and progressive dementia, both of which were thought to be consequences of CS(2) exposure earlier in life.
Am J Kidney Dis 2000 Sep
PMID:Carbon disulfide nephropathy. 1097

Leukocytes play a critical role in both the initial steps of atherogenesis and the late events of plaque instability and thrombosis. Leukocyte-endothelial cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) modulate the interaction between circulating leukocytes and the vessel wall. Levels of soluble CAMs are increased in patients with dyslipidemia or other risk factors, and levels can be reduced by lipid-modifying therapy. Novel markers of inflammation and atherosclerosis may be useful to identify high-risk individuals and to assess the efficacy of antiatherosclerotic therapy.
Curr Cardiol Rep 1999 Sep
PMID:Inflammation and lipid-lowering treatment. 1098 Aug 50

Over the past 15 years several studies have examined the benefits of treating patients with dyslipidemia in order to prevent a first cardiac event and to prevent the onset of clinical symptoms of coronary atherosclerosis. Some of the pitfalls of these studies have been that they have been performed predominantly in men, and also in patients with extremely high cholesterol levels. The Air Force/Texas Coronary Atherosclerosis Prevention Study (AFCAPS/TexCAPS) provides substantial additional information regarding the benefits of primary prevention in the general population. The study included large numbers of women as well as subjects with a wide variety of ethnic backgrounds, and showed substantial benefit across this population. Patients with average cholesterol levels, but below-average high-density lipoproteins, had substantial reduction in risk of a first cardiac event with aggressive treatment of their dyslipidemia, using lovastatin. The majority of the patients in the AFCAPS/TexCAPS study would not warrant therapy, based on the current National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel guidelines. The data suggest that new strategies are warranted to better identify those patients who are at high risk and those who will receive benefit from aggressive lipid-lowering therapy.
Curr Cardiol Rep 2000 Sep
PMID:Primary prevention of coronary heart disease: implications of the Air Force/Texas coronary atherosclerosis prevention study (AFCAPS/TexCAPS). 1098 Sep 12

As heart transplantation becomes much more common primary care physicians will play a key role in preventing, detecting, and treating the short-term and long-term complications of this procedure. These complications include chiefly graft rejection and accelerated coronary artery disease, but also dyslipidemia, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, kidney failure, gout, osteoporosis, and malignancy.
Cleve Clin J Med 2000 Sep
PMID:Long-term medical complications of heart transplantation: information for the primary care physician. 1099 25


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