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Query: UMLS:C0242339 (dyslipidemia)
 13,927 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The correlation between the circulating immune complexes (CIC) and dyslipidemia was studied in a group of 150 patients with acute ischemic stroke and 50 normal controls. The object of the study was also to find out whether these two components represent a macromolecular complex with increased atherogenic capacity or only two risk factors acting separately but achieving a summation of their atherogenic power. It can be considered that in acute ischemic stroke the presence of the two risk factors constitutes a condition of acceleration of the atherogenic process, i.e., the appearance of the vascular accident. The decrease of HDL-cholesterol detected in all the subgroups studied is probably due to the decrease of the cholesterol "reverse transport" process which favours the atherogenic process. It was found that CIC and low density lipoproteins (LDL) are risk factors which act separately determining by the effects they generate a summation of their atherogenic capacity. Cholesterol and triglycerides apparently contained in the CIC structure, can be considered as a methodologic artefact due to the use of a common reagent (PEG-6000).
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PMID:Circulating immune complexes and low density lipoproteins--a molecular complex or the summation of the atherogenic risk of two separate entities? 813 Jul 57

Cholesterol-lowering drugs include three major pharmacological classes: a) fibrates, b) statines, HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors and c) cholestyramine. The late eighties were characterized by the introduction of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors in therapeutics. For 12 months (1st January-31 December 1991), a prospective intensive program of pharmacovigilance investigated the occurrence of side effects among the three pharmacological classes of cholesterol-lowering drugs in a specialized unit for prevention of atherosclerosis and dyslipidemia. Among 3,506 out patients who received cholesterol-lowering drugs, 36 side effects were reported (i.e. 1 side effect for 98 out-patients). Most of the side effects were observed with statines (61%). The most frequently observed side effects were gastralgia (19.5%) observed with the three classes of drugs and hepatitis with HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (8.5%) or fibrates (3%) whereas myopathy (12%) only occurred with statines. The other side effects were cutaneous (14%: eczema, skin rashes) or neuropsychiatric (11%: insomnia...) ones. This study emphasizes the low frequency of severe side effects (myopathy: 1 per 1,000 prescriptions, hepatitis: 1 per 1,000 prescriptions) with cholesterol-lowering drugs in current practice.
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PMID:[A one-year prospective and intensive pharmacovigilance of antilipemic drugs in an hospital consultation for prevention of risk factors]. 814 47

Patients with ischemic heart disease are often affected by a mixed hyperlipoproteinemia, where a hypercholesterolemia of various severity is accompanied by slight or moderate hypertriglyceridemia (type IIb dyslipidemia). Current epidemiologic evidence suggests that hypertriglyceridemia has not to be disregarded, particularly in certain subgroups of patients. We evaluated the effect of the association of simvastatin 10 mg/day [an hydroxymethyl-glutaryl-CoA (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitor] and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n3-PUFA) in comparison with simvastatin 10 mg/day alone. The subjects undergoing the study were affected by coronary artery disease and showed hypercholesterolemia (LDL-cholesterol > 160 mg/dl) and moderate hypertriglyceridemia (serum triglycerides 200-400 mg/dl) after 2 months of moderate dietary therapy for hyperlipidemia (Step 1 of the National Cholesterol Education Program [NCEP]). Thirty-nine patients were randomized to have 1 of 2 scheduled treatments. At the same time the patients underwent severe dietary therapy for hyperlipidemia (Step 2 of the NCEP). After 3 months of treatment, total-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, and triglycerides were significantly lower than basal values in both groups (p < 0.05). Total-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, and triglycerides were lower in the group treated with n3-PUFA and simvastatin compared to simvastatin alone. However, only for triglycerides was the difference significant (-39.99% in patients treated with n3-PUFA and simvastatin versus -25.65% in patients treated with simvastatin alone, particularly in the first group of 35.85%; p < 0.05). With regard to HDL-cholesterol, the differences between the basal values and the 2 groups of treatments were non significant. Remarkable side effects were not observed in the 2 groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Efficacy and tolerability of simvastatin and omega-3 fatty acid combination in patients with coronary disease, hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia]. 820 11

Atherosclerosis is the principal cause of diabetic morbidity and mortality. Diabetic dyslipidemia, obesity, and hypertension are significant contributing factors in the acceleration of the atherosclerotic process. Regardless of the type of diabetes, increased levels of very-low-density lipoprotein triglyceride, modified levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and decreased levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol are the main lipoprotein abnormalities in diabetic patients. These abnormalities can be improved in part by glycemic control, but additional intervention may be needed. Diet and exercise are important elements in the management of dyslipidemia, but lipid-lowering drugs (especially fibrates and HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors) also may be necessary for the control of diabetic dyslipidemia. Based on these findings, the American Diabetes Association Consensus Panel and the revised treatment guidelines of the National Cholesterol Education Program recommend treatment of hypertriglyceridemia/low HDL cholesterol as a risk factor of coronary heart disease in diabetic and nondiabetic individuals alike. Aggressive treatment is recommended, therefore, particularly in diabetic patients and in all patients with existing vascular disease.
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PMID:Prevention of atherosclerosis in diabetes: emphasis on treatment for the abnormal lipoprotein metabolism of diabetes. 826 43

Hypertension and diabetes appear to increase coronary heart disease risk in part by causing an abnormality in lipid metabolism. Most affected are patients with familial dyslipidemic hypertension (FDH) and noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). The lipid disorders most often encountered in these patients are increased levels of triglycerides, very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) cholesterol, and small, dense low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, and low levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol. These abnormalities appear to result from increased hepatic secretion of VLDL particles due to increased concentrations of free fatty acids and glucose, reduced VLDL clearance due to reduced activity of lipoprotein lipase, and reduced LDL clearance due to glycosylation of ligand proteins. Treatment of the dyslipidemia associated with FDH should follow the guidelines from the National Cholesterol Education Program. Treatment in men and women with NIDDM should be considered when LDL cholesterol levels are 130 mg/dl or above, triglyceride levels are 200 mg/dl or above, or non-HDL cholesterol levels are 160 mg/dl or greater. Aggressive lifestyle changes should be initiated first, including weight loss in obese patients, control of glucose levels in those with NIDDM, avoidance of antihypertensive drugs that may worsen lipid levels in patients with FDH, and eating a diet restricting saturated fat and cholesterol. Addition of lipid-altering drugs should be considered if such changes do not achieve effective lipid control. The agent should be tailored to the patient's lipid profile, in general by using bile acid resins, niacin, or reductase inhibitors to lower LDL cholesterol and gemfibrozil or niacin to lower triglycerides. Niacin should be avoided in patients with NIDDM.
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PMID:Understanding and treating dyslipidemia associated with noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and hypertension. 836 60

The prevalence of obesity is increasing today in western industrialized countries: therefore, many authors are focusing their attention on its multiple endocrine and metabolic effects. Because of the pathogenetic linkage between obesity and dyslipidemia, we have studied serum lipid pattern in a group of obese women: HDL-Cholesterol (HDL-C) deficiency was the most striking lipoproteinemic disorder. This fact points out, in our opinion, that obesity must be considered as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease.
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PMID:[Dyslipidemia in obesity: pathogenetic considerations and our experience]. 849 62

The risks of cardiovascular disease associated with dyslipidemia differ in women and men, being more strongly associated with triglyceride/high-density lipoprotein in middle-aged women than in men. Although the incidence of heart disease is lower in women because they live longer, over a lifetime, cardiovascular disease in women is equal to that in men, with the greatest incidence after age 65 years. Major coronary events are rare among reproductive-age women who use oral contraceptives and are related to the concomitant effects of age, smoking, diabetes, hypertension, and obesity. Low estrogen-progestin dose oral contraceptives appear not to promote cardiovascular disease and can be used in women with controlled cholesterol elevations. Alternative contraceptive measures should be considered for patients with severe uncontrolled hypercholesterolemia or a lipid disorder that carries a high risk of coronary heart disease. In these conditions, thrombotic propensity associated with supraphysiologic doses of estrogen in oral contraceptives might accelerate coronary thrombosis should an arteriosclerotic plaque rupture. Treatment of hypercholesterolemia should follow the guidelines of the National Cholesterol Education Program and emphasize hygienic measures. Contraceptive selection in hyperlipidemic patients should reflect a balance between the risks--and their management--of developing cardiovascular disease versus the risks of pregnancy.
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PMID:Contraception and dyslipidemia. 851 44

The study assesses the clinical features of individuals that best enable an effective selective screening of the adult population for dyslipidemia. The results of the population-based 1990 Saskatchewan Heart Health Survey were examined. Dyslipidemia was defined as a total cholesterol (TC) to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) ratio of > or = 5. In total, 805 men and 782 women, 18-74 years of age, had their plasma cholesterol measured. Using TC screening of the entire population as recommended by the Canadian Consensus Conference on Cholesterol would correctly identify 79% of those with dyslipidemia (sensitivity) and 67% of those with a normal profile (specificity). However, if one performs lipoprotein analysis on only those with a high waist-to-hip circumference ratio (WHR), 44% of the population would need to be screened to correctly identify 71% of those with dyslipidemia (sensitivity) and 66% of those with a normal profile (specificity). A high WHR is an especially strong predictor of dyslipidemia in young adults. In conclusion, a high WHR may provide an effective means of selective screening of the adult population for dyslipidemia.
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PMID:Selective screening for dyslipidemia in a Canadian population. 860 23

The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of hypercholesterolemia among subjects having diabetes and glucose intolerance, according to the guidelines of the National Cholesterol Education Program (Adult Treatment Panel II, ATP II). This survey consisted of 2090 subjects (856 men, 1234 women) aged 30 years or more from the Sun-Ming district of Kaohsiung city. Glucose tolerance status was ascertained for both medical history and a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test according to World Health Organization criteria. Frequency of elevated total cholesterol in female subjects with abnormal glucose tolerance is significantly greater than in those with normal glucose tolerance (NGT). However, only male subjects with undiagnosed NIDDM (UDDM) had a statistically higher rate of hypercholesterolemia than those with NGT. Of UDDM individuals, 68% have total cholesterol level between 200 and 239 mg/dl and two or more risk factors for heart disease or evidence of coronary heart disease or total cholesterol > or = 240 mg/dl or high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol < or = 35 mg/dl. Such individuals should have their low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol measured. Using the ATP II, LDL cholesterol levels warranting dietary treatment for hypercholesterolemia would be expected in 76% of UDDM. Due to the high prevalence of coronary heart disease in diabetic patients, investigation of blood lipid levels and coronary heart disease risk factors should be routine in these patients, and treatment strategies should include management of lipid disorders and the many other risk factors. A high frequency of dyslipidemia was found among UDDM group in our study. Early detection of undiagnosed diabetic patients is also very important in decreasing the prevalence of coronary heart disease.
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PMID:Hypercholesterolemia in undiagnosed non-insulin-dependent diabetes in southern Taiwan. 868 43

The long-term clinical benefits of lowering serum lipid levels have been demonstrated in multiple clinical trials in recent years. These include coronary artery disease regression and decreases in the incidence of adverse clinical events, such as myocardial infarction or refractory ischemia. Reductions in overall mortality have also been demonstrated. The health risk of dyslipidemia led the National Cholesterol Education Program expert panel to recommend intervention to bring low-density lipoprotein cholesterol values to within certain goal levels through a variety of interventions. This article reviews the available pharmacologic agents and compares their efficacy, safety, and cost-effectiveness.
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PMID:Clinical pharmacologic concepts for the rational selection and use of drugs for the management of dyslipidemia. 882 16


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