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Query: UMLS:C0242339 (dyslipidemia)
 13,927 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of non-HIV-related death in HIV-infected persons. The risk of CVD in HIV-infected persons appears to reflect the contribution of a number of factors, including non-HIV-related (traditional) cardiovascular risk factors, chronic inflammation associated with HIV infection, and metabolic adverse effects of antiretroviral therapy. Traditional CVD risk factors, however, are the major determinants of risk in HIV-infected patients and this population carries a high burden of such factors. HIV infection may also be an independent risk factor for CVD, but there is not yet sufficient evidence to consider HIV infection itself a coronary heart disease risk equivalent (eg, in the same manner as diabetes) or to change calculation of risk in the HIV-infected population. In the absence of specific randomized trials in the HIV-infected population, HIV-infected persons should be treated for cardiovascular risk factors according to current national guidelines for reducing risk, including those for aspirin use and for treatment of dyslipidemia, hypertension, and metabolic syndrome. This article summarizes a presentation by Wendy S. Post, MD, at the 14th Annual Clinical Conference for the Ryan White HIV/AIDS Program held in Tampa, Florida, in June 2011. Dr Kerunne Ketlogetswe provided additional editing. The Clinical Conference is sponsored by the IAS-USA under the Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA) contract number HHSH250200900010C.
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PMID:Predicting and preventing cardiovascular disease in HIV-infected patients. 2229 85

HIV infection and antiretroviral therapy each appear to increase cardiovascular disease risk. Increased risk may be attributable to the inflammatory effects of HIV infection and dyslipidemia associated with some antiretroviral agents. The prevalence of cardiovascular disease is increasing as patients live longer, age, and acquire traditional coronary heart disease (CHD) risk factors. In general, any additional cardiovascular risk posed by HIV infection or antiretroviral therapy is of potential concern for patients who are already at moderate or high risk for CHD. Long-term and well-designed studies are needed to more accurately ascertain to what degree HIV infection and antiretroviral therapy affect long-term cardiovascular disease risk. Management of dyslipidemia to reduce CHD risk in HIV-infected patients is much the same as in the general population, with the cornerstone consisting of statin therapy and lifestyle interventions. Smoking cessation is a major step in reducing CHD risk in those who smoke. This article summarizes a presentation by James H. Stein, MD, at the IAS-USA live continuing medical education activity held in New York City in March 2012.
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PMID:Cardiovascular risk and dyslipidemia management in HIV-infected patients. 2315 52

A new paradigm for atherogenesis in HIV infection is emerging, in which viral replication and microbial translocation result in ongoing T-cell and monocyte activation, with persistent inflammation leading to the development of atypical, high-risk morphology plaques. These plaques, characterized by low attenuation and positive remodeling, can be found even among HIV-infected patients who are at low risk for cardiovascular disease based on traditional risk factors. Prevention of cardiovascular events in HIV infection requires modulation of traditional risk factors and is also likely to require effective antiinflammatory treatment strategies. Statins, which are traditionally used to treat dyslipidemia, have also been shown to exert antiinflammatory effects associated with clinical benefit and may be useful to treat and prevent cardiovascular disease in HIV-infected patients. However, large-scale studies of statins in the context of HIV infection must be conducted. This article summarizes a presentation by Steven K. Grinspoon, MD, at the IAS-USA continuing education program held in Chicago, Illinois, in May 2014.
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PMID:Cardiovascular disease in HIV: traditional and nontraditional risk factors. 2539 68