Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0242339 (dyslipidemia)
 13,927 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Ginseng has made a successful transition from the world of traditional tonic remedies to conventional medicine, and since the 1920s ginseng root has been documented to be effective in diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia and obesity. Based on this wide spectrum of activity we wondered whether ginseng root extract might also be effective in metabolic syndrome (MetSyn). In a series of investigations to develop a potential anti-MetSyn agent, we prepared a vinegar-processed form of ginseng radix (ginsam, GS) and compared its anti-MetSyn effects to those of non-processed ginseng radix (GR) in an ICR mouse model of MetSyn induced by a high fat diet. GR- and GS-treated mice (500 mg/kg/day for 8 weeks) had an 81% and 90% decrease in insulin resistance respectively, compared to the high fat diet (HFD) control. White adipocyte size was dramatically reduced by 67% and 80% in GR- ahd GS-treated groups respectively, compared to the HFD fed control. This result was reflected by a marked inhibition of weight gain in GS-treated mice (GR vs. GS, 53% vs. 86%). Analysis of ginsenoside composition indicated that prosapogenin Rg3 might be responsible for the anti-MetSyn activity of GS. In conclusion, Vinegar-processed ginseng radix (GS) was found to have a significantly greater anti-MetSyn effect than ginseng radix, and we suggest that ginsam should be subjected to clinical trials in the future, and that the role of prosapogenin Rg3 in the anti-MetSyn effect of ginsam should be confirmed.
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PMID:Vinegar-processed ginseng radix improves metabolic syndrome induced by a high fat diet in ICR mice. 1761 78

In management of metabolic syndrome, the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is an excellent representative in alternative and complementary medicines with a complete theory system and substantial herb remedies. In this article, basic principle of TCM is introduced and 25 traditional Chinese herbs are reviewed for their potential activities in the treatment of metabolic syndrome. Three herbs, ginseng, rhizoma coptidis (berberine, the major active compound) and bitter melon, were discussed in detail on their therapeutic potentials. Ginseng extracts made from root, rootlet, berry and leaf of Panax quinquefolium (American ginseng) and Panax ginseng (Asian ginseng), are proved for anti-hyperglycemia, insulin sensitization, islet protection, anti-obesity and anti-oxidation in many model systems. Energy expenditure is enhanced by ginseng through thermogenesis. Ginseng-specific saponins (ginsenosides) are considered as the major bioactive compounds for the metabolic activities of ginseng. Berberine from rhizoma coptidis is an oral hypoglycemic agent. It also has anti-obesity and anti-dyslipidemia activities. The action mechanism is related to inhibition of mitochondrial function, stimulation of glycolysis, activation of AMPK pathway, suppression of adipogenesis and induction of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor expression. Bitter melon or bitter gourd (Momordica charantia) is able to reduce blood glucose and lipids in both normal and diabetic animals. It may also protect beta cells, enhance insulin sensitivity and reduce oxidative stress. Although evidence from animals and humans supports the therapeutic activities of ginseng, berberine and bitter melon, multi-center large-scale clinical trials have not been conducted to evaluate the efficacy and safety of these herbal medicines.
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PMID:Traditional chinese medicine in treatment of metabolic syndrome. 1853 96

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is one of the main causes of mortality worldwide, and dyslipidemia is a major risk factor for CVD. Ginseng has been widely used in the clinic to treat CVD. Ginsenoside Rg3, one of the major active components of ginseng, has been reported to exhibit antiobesity, antidiabetic, and cardioprotective effects. However, the effect of ginsenoside Rg3 on hepatic lipid metabolism remains unclear. Therefore, we investigated whether ginsenoside Rg3 would regulate hepatic lipid metabolism with AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation in HepG2 cells. Ginsenoside Rg3 significantly reduced hepatic cholesterol and triglyceride levels. Furthermore, ginsenoside Rg3 inhibited expression of sterol regulatory element binding protein-2 (SREBP-2) and 3-hydroxy-3-methyl glutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMGCR). Ginsenoside Rg3 increased activity of AMPK, a major regulator of energy metabolism. These results suggest that ginsenoside Rg3 reduces hepatic lipid accumulation with inhibition of SREBP-2 and HMGCR expression and stimulation of AMPK activity in HepG2 cells. Therefore, ginsenoside Rg3 may be beneficial as a food ingredient to lower the risk of CVD by regulating dyslipidemia.
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PMID:Ginsenoside Rg3 reduces lipid accumulation with AMP-Activated Protein Kinase (AMPK) activation in HepG2 cells. 2275 27