Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0242339 (dyslipidemia)
 13,927 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

It has been proposed that fish oil dietary supplementation in the chronic rat 5/6 renal ablation model may be either protective or toxic. These conflicting hypotheses were tested in rats who underwent renal ablation or sham surgery. Twenty rats received sham surgery, and 40 received 5/6 renal ablation. All rats were fed a regular laboratory diet up to 1 week postsurgery. At that time, one half of the renal ablation group was provided with an isocaloric diet supplemented with 24% MaxEPA (fish oil), 1% safflower oil, and antioxidants. The renal ablation rats developed hypertension, albuminuria, gammaglobulinuria, and a decline in glomerular filtration rate, which was less in the fish oil group compared with that in the regular laboratory diet group at 10 and 20 wk postsurgery. The fish oil renal ablation rats had significantly less glomerulosclerosis than did the regular laboratory diet renal ablation animals, and no more glomerular fibrin deposition than did the sham controls. The renal ablation regular laboratory diet rats had a significant dyslipidemia at 20 wk which was prevented in the fish oil renal ablation cohort. The fish oil renal ablation rats also demonstrated a significant decline in renal tissue arachidonic acid incorporation and a concomitant increase in eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid incorporation. The mortality of the renal ablation group was greater than that of the sham controls but not significantly different for the fish oil or the regular laboratory diet groups. These results support the hypothesis that the fish oil diet containing specific antioxidant, vitamin E, and essential fatty acid supplementation is protective in the rat remnant nephron model and prevents the evolution of glomerulosclerosis with associated renal functional impairment, while preserving glomerular filtration.
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PMID:Chronic effects of omega-3 fatty acids (fish oil) in a rat 5/6 renal ablation model. 191 96

The prevention of coronary artery disease (CHD) and particularly of myocardial infarction (MI) is based on some well designed strategies aimed at treating both asymptomatic high-risk patients (primary prevention) and patients with established CHD (secondary prevention). A positive impact from primary prevention can be basically achieved trough a reduction in high blood pressure and by correcting dyslipidemia. The benefit can be substantially increased by smoking cessation, increasing physical exercise, reduction of body weight, use of post-menopausal oestrogen, moderate alcohol consumption and use of high doses of vitamin E in those patients who are compliant with the specific strategies. Secondary prevention of MI can be again obtained by controlling blood pressure and reducing serum cholesterol in patients surviving acute MI who can also benefit from the administration of beta-blockers, aspirin and probably ace-inhibitors particularly in presence of left ventricular dysfunction. We suggest that in both arms of prevention, significant results can be achieved mainly by a multifactorial approach capable of correcting all the modifiable risk factors that contribute to the rather complex pathogenesis of CHD.
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PMID:Primary and secondary prevention of myocardial infarction. 874 42

Increased concentration of cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) in plasma favours a lipoprotein profile characterized by a reduced high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol. Previous studies have demonstrated that a diet high in cholesterol and saturated fat (HCSF) is associated with elevated plasma CETP and increased release of cholesterol ester transfer activity (CETA) from hamster adipose tissue incubated in vitro. The present study investigated the effects of vitamin E (Vit.E) ingestion on plasma CETP activity and adipose tissue CETA in Syrian Golden hamsters. A regular diet supplemented by the addition of 1% cholesterol and 10% coconut oil (w/w) was associated with a time-dependent increase in plasma CETP activity and increased release of adipose CETA following incubation of fragments of perirenal adipose tissue. Vit.E ingestion (100 mg/kg body weight per day for 8 weeks) suppressed 85% of the increase of CETA released from cultured hamster adipose tissue and 70% of the increase of plasma CETP activity induced by the HCSF diet. Significant decreases in plasma total and LDL cholesterol and an increase in HDL cholesterol were found in hamsters receiving the HCSF diet plus Vit.E compared to the animals on the HCSF diet alone. In the hamsters on regular chow, Vit.E ingestion alone did not significantly alter adipose tissue CETA, plasma CETP activity or plasma lipoproteins. The results indicate that Vit.E prevents the HCSF diet-induced increase in plasma CETP activity, probably via a reduction of CETA secretion from hamster adipose tissue. This suggests that Vit.E supplementation may help to ameliorate the dyslipidemia caused by a HCSF diet through its inhibitory influence on CETP production in adipose tissue.
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PMID:Effect of dietary vitamin E supplements on cholesteryl ester transfer activity in hamster adipose tissue. 883 Sep 34

Approximately 80% of all patients with diabetes die of cardiovascular disease. The traditional management of type 2 diabetes has been ineffective in altering this dismal prognosis. Insulin resistance is the fundamental defect of type 2 diabetes. Insulin resistance often leads to hyperinsulinemia, which is associated with hypertension, atherogenic dyslipidemia, left ventricular hypertrophy, impaired fibrinolysis, visceral obesity, and sedentary lifestyle. Although all these conditions are associated with atherosclerosis and adverse cardiovascular events, the therapeutic efforts in patients with diabetes have focused predominantly on normalizing glucose levels. Improved insulin sensitivity through lifestyle modifications or pharmacologic therapy (troglitazone and metformin) will lower both insulin and glucose levels as well as diminish dyslipidemia and hypertension. In contrast, sulfonylurea agents lower glucose by increasing insulin levels and may increase the risk of cardiovascular events. Therapy including aspirin, lipid agents (for example, statins), angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, beta-adrenergic blockers, postmenopausal estrogen replacement, and vitamin E should be considered for patients with type 2 diabetes. In most patients with diabetes who have multivessel coronary artery disease, coronary artery bypass grafting is superior to coronary angioplasty for improving long-term cardiovascular prognosis. This superiority is mediated in part by the use of a left internal mammary graft to the left anterior descending coronary artery. Urgent coronary angioplasty or thrombolytic therapy should be considered for all patients with diabetes who have acute myocardial infarction.
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PMID:Improving the adverse cardiovascular prognosis of type 2 diabetes. 1006 57

In this review, therapeutic trials for treatment of IgA nephropathy (Berger's disease) are reviewed and discussed. No disease-specific therapy exists. For treatment of hypertensive patients, angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors are preferred. They also decrease proteinuria and probably slow disease progression. However, there are still no controlled data on the effectiveness of ACE-inhibitors in the absence of hypertension or proteinuria. Renewed enthusiasm for treatment with fish oil arose after the publication of a randomized controlled trial in 1994 and long-term follow-up data of the trial cohort in 1998. Corticoid therapy in IgA nephropathy has been advocated for patients with nephrotic syndrome or crescentic disease. A recent non-randomised trial with long-term follow-up suggests that, in the presence of moderate proteinuria, corticosteroids may ameliorate renal function if administered before the creatinine clearance has decreased below 70 ml/min. Preliminary data suggest that mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) may reduce the risk of clinically significant IgA nephropathy recurring in kidney allografts. Many other promising treatment approaches have been tested, but in most instances results are insufficient for unequivocal conclusions. Several randomized controlled clinical trials are currently testing prednisone, fish oil, ACE-inhibitors, cyclophosphamide, MMF and vitamin E. In the absence of a disease-specific treatment, control of hypertension, proteinuria and probably dyslipidemia are pivotal. Chronic or recurrent infection including ton-sillitis should be treated effectively. Control of daily protein intake to 0.7-0.8 g/kg body weight may retard disease progression.
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PMID:Treatment of immunoglobulin A nephropathy. 1039 61

There is a clearly documented link between diabetic complications and lipid peroxidation. Hyperglycemia causes a reduction in levels of protective endogenous antioxidants and increases generation of free radicals. The present study was carried out to compare the protective effects of melatonin and vitamin E against streptozocin (STZ)-induced diabetes in rats. Melatonin was administered s.c. (100 microg/kg) whereas vitamin E was given i.p. (100 mg/kg) after induction of diabetes with STZ (60 mg/kg). Plasma total cholesterol, triglyceride and low density lipoprotein (LDL) levels were increased in STZ group while both melatonin and vitamin E injection caused a significant decrease in the levels of all these parameters. The lipid lowering effect of melatonin was greater than that of vitamin E. Melatonin caused a significant decrease in brain, liver and kidney tissue malondialdehyde (MDA) levels which were increased because of STZ-induced diabetes. Vitamin E also reduced elevated MDA concentrations in diabetic rat tissues, but the effect of melatonin was more potent than that of vitamin E. Furthermore, treatment of diabetic rats with melatonin increased brain and kidney glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity to the levels below that of control rats. Vitamin E was found to be less effective on GSH-Px activity levels in brain and kidney than melatonin whereas it was more potent than melatonin in liver. In summary, melatonin prevents many diabetic complications by reducing oxidative stress and protects organisms from oxidative damage and dyslipidemia. Considering the much lower molar concentration of melatonin compared with vitamin E, melatonin seems to be a more potent antioxidant, especially in the brain and kidney.
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PMID:Comparative analysis of the protective effects of melatonin and vitamin E on streptozocin-induced diabetes mellitus. 1198 91

Increased lipid oxidative stress has been recently implicated in the pathogenesis of coronary artery spasm. Small, dense LDL with high susceptibility to oxidation may be linked to the genesis of coronary vasospasm. The relative migratory distance of the predominant densitometric peak of LDL from that of VLDL to that of HDL in a 3% polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was determined as a measure of LDL particle size in 49 patients with coronary spastic angina (CSA), in 56 patients with stable effort angina and a significant coronary artery stenosis (SEA) and also in 40 control subjects without coronary artery disease (Control). The incidence of detection of small, dense LDL (particle diameter <25.5 nm) or a relative migratory distance above 0.36 was significantly higher in CSA (57%) and also in SEA (39%) than in Control (20%). In SEA, a significantly higher serum level of triglyceride was noted in the subgroup with the small, dense LDL as compared with the subgroup without. In contrast, in CSA, the serum level of triglyceride was not significantly different between the subgroups with and without the small, dense LDL, although significantly lower serum levels of both HDL-cholesterol and alpha-tocopherol were noted in the former. In 16 patients of CSA, the detection of the small, dense LDL was significantly decreased after a >6-month angina-free period (69-->31%). We conclude that patients with coronary spastic angina had smaller LDL particles, associated not with hypertriglyceridemia but low serum levels of both HDL-cholesterol and vitamin E. Dyslipidemia with small, dense LDL may be related to the genesis of coronary vasospasm.
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PMID:Low density lipoprotein particles are small in patients with coronary vasospasm. 1255 40

We investigated the relationship among habitual exercise, diet, and the presence of metabolic abnormalities (body fat redistribution, dyslipidemia, and insulin resistance) in a cross-sectional study of 120 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected subjects with use of bivariate and multivariate regression-analysis models. Total and aerobic exercise were significantly and negatively associated with fasting plasma triglyceride levels in the entire sample and in the fat redistribution group. Inverse associations between total or aerobic exercise and insulin resistance were suggestive but did not achieve statistical significance. Diastolic blood pressure was significantly and inversely associated with supplemental or total but not habitual dietary intake of vitamin E. In conclusion, exercise and vitamin E intake were independently and negatively associated with several phenotypic manifestations of HIV-associated metabolic syndrome, whereas other macro- or micronutrients did not have comparable significance.
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PMID:Exercise and vitamin E intake are independently associated with metabolic abnormalities in human immunodeficiency virus-positive subjects: a cross-sectional study. 1280 61

Disorder of blood lipids plays an important role in atherosclerosis progress in patients ongoing chronic haemodialysis (PCHD). These patients have specific features of blood lipids with increment of triglycerides and decrement of HDL-cholesterol. Phenotype of lipid disorder in PCHD is mostly type IV according to Fredrickson (30%), and IIA and IIB fenotypes are less frequent. About 9% of lipid disorders in PCHD are isolated increase of Lp(a). Main reason of hypertriglyceridemia in PCHD is attenuated metabolism of VLDL-cholesterol because of lipoprotein lipasis inhibition. There are changes in lipoproteins quality, specially changes in LDL particle have atherogenic potential. Renal dyslipidemia treatment must be vigorous in the early stages of renal insufficiency. Treatment can be dietary measures (specially omega-3-fatty acids), statins, gemfibrozil, intravenous L-carnitin and bicarbonate given per os. Haemodialysis modifications such as highflux haemodialysis, low molecular weight heparin, vitamin E coated dialyzers and LDL-apheresis in extreme cases have important role in renal dyslipidemia treatment.
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PMID:[Renal dyslipidemia in patients on chronic hemodialysis]. 1289 98

The recent removal of refecoxib (a cyclo-oxygenase II inhibitor), a drug involved in a large prostate cancer chemoprevention trial, and the completion of recruitment for the SELECT cancer chemoprevention trial utilizing selenium and vitamin E should lead researchers to ponder a similar question in cancer chemoprevention. The question of "What agent should be utilized and what clinical trial should designed and conducted next for cancer chemoprevention?" Part I and II of this manuscript attempts to argue that statins or cholesterol-lowering drugs or heart healthy agents are the ideal next choice for a large chemoprevention trial for numerous reasons including: (1) Cardiovascular disease (CVD) has been the number one cause of death in men and women every year in the US since 1900; (2) CVD has been the number one cause of death in the major cancer chemoprevention trials; (3) CVD has been the number one or two cause of death of men and women postdiagnosis of breast, colorectal, and prostate cancer; and (4) the recent potential relationship between certain cancers and dyslipidemia needs to be investigated. What other chemoprevention agent can also boast that in the worst case scenario the number one cause of death in men and women would probably be reduced in this future cancer chemoprevention trial of statins?! The list continues to grow of cancer chemoprevention trials that will probably be either a complete hit or miss. In other words, they will or have reduced the disease of interest with virtually no potential role for reducing the number one cause of death in men and women. The time seems more than overdue for a statin and/or another cholesterol lowering or heart healthy cancer chemoprevention trial.
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PMID:Why a statin and/or another proven heart healthy agent should be utilized in the next major cancer chemoprevention trial: part I. 1561 Aug 63


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