Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0242339 (dyslipidemia)
 13,927 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Adiponectin levels are significantly lower in obese adult patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, essential hypertension, dyslipidemia, and cardiovascular disease. However, the role of hypoadiponectinemia in nonobese healthy adults has not been fully elucidated. In this study, we examined the association between hypoadiponectinemia and cardiovascular risk factors and estimated plasma adiponectin values in nonobese, apparently healthy adults. A total of 204 male and 214 female healthy individuals aged 20 to 80 years, with a body mass index (BMI) of less than 25 kg/m2, were included in this study. We measured patients' plasma adiponectin levels, serum lipid profiles, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels, fasting glucose levels, and fasting insulin levels. Mean values of plasma adiponectin were 5.45 +/- 3.3 microg/mL in male and 8.16 +/- 4.6 microg/mL in female subjects. The hypoadiponectinemia group (< 4.0 microg/mL) had significantly higher levels (P < .01) of BMI, fasting glucose, fasting insulin, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and triglycerides, but lower levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). In males, plasma adiponectin levels were inversely correlated with BMI (r = -0.32, P < .01), HOMA-IR (r = -0.14, P < .05), triglyceride levels (r = -0.17, P < .05), and hs-CRP levels (r = -0.15, P < .05), and positively correlated with HDL-C (r = 0.24, P < .01). In females, plasma adiponectin levels were negatively correlated with BMI (r = -0.31, P < .01), fasting glucose (r = -0.18, P < .01), fasting insulin (r = -0.23, P < .01), HOMA-IR (r = -0.24, P < .01), and triglyceride (r = -0.18, P < .01) levels, and positively correlated with HDL-C (r = 0.37, P < .01). Sex, age, BMI, and HDL-C (P < .01 for each) were found to be independent factors associated with plasma adiponectin levels in multivariate analysis. Hypoadiponectinemia is significantly associated with cardiovascular risk factors such as insulin resistance and atherogenic lipid profiles in nonobese, apparently healthy subjects.
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PMID:Association between hypoadiponectinemia and cardiovascular risk factors in nonobese healthy adults. 1704 59

The aim of this study was to evaluate the levels of lipid and extralipid parameters in patients with atherogenic dyslipidemia. We investigated the lipid-lowering therapeutic efficacy of fenofibrate and its extralipid influence on oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL), C-reactive protein (CRP), Fibrinogen, factor VII and plasminogen activator type 1 (PAI-1) during 1-month treatment. Fourteen individuals with HLPIIb were treated with micronized fenofibrate (267 mg/d) for 1 month. The control group included twelve volunteers. Lipidograms were determined with enzymatic kits. ELISA method was used to measure oxLDL and PAI-1. Plasma CRP levels were measured spectrophotometrically. Fibrinogen and factor VII serum levels were evaluated with automatic coagulometer. After 1-month therapy with micronized fenofibrate, we observed a significant reduction of total cholesterol (TC) (277.2 to 217.8 mg/dl, p < 0.05), LDL (183.6 to 129.4 mg/dl, p < 0.05), trigliceryde (TG) (316.7 to 220.6 mg/dl, p < 0.05), oxLDL (68.7 +/- 5.5 to 39.7 +/- 3.7 U/l, p < 0.001) and increase in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) (35.1 to 41.9 mg/dl, p < 0.05). Fibrate treatment also decreased CRP(5.81 +/- 0.26 to 5.08 +/- 0.06 mg/l, p < 0.001), PAI-1 (120.4 +/- 9.7 to 84.7 +/- 5.9 ng/ml; p < 0.05), fibrinogen (3.65 +/- 0.17 to 3.44 +/- 0.16 g/l, ns) and factor VII (159.7% +/- 56.7 to 141% +/- 42.4, ns). The micronized fenofibrate at a daily dose of 267 mg demonstrated a highly beneficial effect on all lipid parameters and advantageous influence on inflammatory and thrombogenic plasma risk factors in patients with dyslipidemia HLPIIb.
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PMID:Extralipid effects of micronized fenofibrate in dyslipidemic patients. 1708 65

Although substantial evidence suggests that treatment of dyslipidemia with statins reduces mortality and morbidity that are associated with cardiovascular disease, only a few studies have examined the efficacy of statins on inflammatory and fibrinolytic status in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). A 6-mo, prospective, randomized study was designed to assess the efficacy of atorvastatin in reducing circulating inflammatory and fibrinolytic parameters in patients with CKD. Sixty-six patients with CKD (stages 2, 3, and 4) and LDL cholesterol levels > or =100 mg/dl were randomly assigned (2:1) to receive 20 mg/d atorvastatin (n = 44) or nonatorvastatin therapy (n = 22). Lipid profile, renal function, fibrinolytic balance (tissue plasminogen activator [t-PA] and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1), and inflammatory markers (C-reactive protein [CRP], IL-1 beta, IL-6, and TNF-alpha) were measured before and 6 mo after atorvastatin was added to the treatment. Twenty-five age-matched individuals with normal renal function (estimated GFR >90 ml/min) were used as healthy control subjects. Patients with CKD had higher CRP, IL-1 beta, TNF-alpha, and IL-6 levels than age-matched population with normal renal function. t-PA concentration was higher in patients with CKD (P = 0.000). Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 values were comparable in all patients. Total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol were significantly reduced only in patients who received atorvastatin. In addition to the hypolipidemic effect, atorvastatin treatment significantly reduced inflammatory parameters: CRP (median 4.1 to 2.9; P = 0.015), TNF-alpha (6.0 +/- 2.7 to 4.7 +/- 2.4; P = 0.046), and IL-1 beta levels (1.9 +/- 0.7 to 1.2 +/- 0.7; P = 0.001). These parameters remained unchanged in patients who were not treated with atorvastatin. Fibrinolytic parameters were not modified by atorvastatin treatment. Patients with CKD showed higher levels of inflammatory parameters and t-PA levels than age-matched healthy control subjects. Atorvastatin treatment, in addition to its beneficial effect on cholesterol levels, improved the inflammatory state of these patients without modifying fibrinolytic balance.
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PMID:Effects of atorvastatin on inflammatory and fibrinolytic parameters in patients with chronic kidney disease. 1713 Feb 67

This study aimed to clarify whether high-risk premenopausal women have less atherogenic levels of markers of endothelial dysfunction, oxidation, thrombosis and inflammation, and adipokines than high-risk men of the same age. Thus, we studied levels of these markers and their determinants in 207 men and women aged 18 to 39 years with dyslipidemia and a family history of premature coronary heart disease. Women had favorable levels of E and P selectins, tumor necrosis factor alpha, tissue plasminogen activator, plasminogen activator inhibitor 1, thrombomodulin, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, and adiponectin compared with men, but had higher levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and leptin (all P < .05) and no difference in the L-arginine/asymmetric dimethyl arginine (ADMA) ratio. This ratio was higher among nonusers of hormonal contraception than among users (P = .02). In multivariate analyses, levels of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 and E selectin were associated with cigarette smoking and dietary sucrose (both P < .05), whereas the L-arginine/ADMA ratio was paradoxically associated with smoking (P < .05). Of 17 novel risk markers, 11 were associated with body mass index after adjustment for age, sex, smoking, and percentage of dietary energy from sucrose (regression coefficients, 0.14-0.62; all P < .05). In conclusion, the findings underscore the female advantage regarding determinants of novel risk markers in young adults at risk of coronary heart disease, although some endothelial dysfunction markers (cellular adhesion molecules, L-arginine/ADMA ratio) were not more favorable in women compared with men. Lifestyle factors including body mass index, dietary sucrose, smoking, and hormones were associated with levels of the markers independent of sex with body mass index being the most prominent factor.
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PMID:Do novel risk factors differ between men and women aged 18 to 39 years with a high risk of coronary heart disease? 1722 42

Patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have increased cardiovascular mortality. TNF-alpha is a critical mediator of inflammation and metabolic response in patients with RA. Increased insulin resistance and dyslipidemia were known risk factors in patients with active RA, however, the regulation of these metabolic parameters by TNF-alpha is poorly understood. Neutralization of TNF-alpha with infliximab offers a unique opportunity to study TNF-alpha-mediated regulation of these metabolic parameters in RA. The aim of the study was to assess the in vivo TNF-alpha-mediated regulation of insulin resistance and lipids levels in RA. Nineteen patients with active RA treated with infliximab were prospectively followed for 14 weeks. Plasma lipids levels and insulin resistance were measured at baseline, 6 and 14 weeks after infliximab treatment. At week 14, the disease activity (DAS-28 score) improved significantly (p < 0.000), with a significant reduction in both C-reactive protein (p = 0.007) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (p = 0.006) levels. The body weight did not change during the study period. After infliximab treatment, insulin resistance improved as reflected by the significant reduction in the Homeostasis Model Assessment Index. Total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, and apolipoprotein B (apoB) levels all increased significantly from baseline. Nonetheless, the atherogenic index, LDL-cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol ratio, and the LDL/apoB ratio remained unchanged. Infliximab improves insulin sensitivity and alters lipid profile in patients with active RA.
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PMID:Impact of TNF inhibition on insulin resistance and lipids levels in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. 1764 97

To investigate determinants of abdominal obesity and its metabolic and clinical consequences relative to its degree in women, a prospective evaluation of 1682 female participants (aged 28-79 years at baseline), representative of Turkey's women, was performed. For components of metabolic syndrome (MS), criteria of National Cholesterol Education Program guidelines were adopted, modified for cut point of 91 cm or greater for abdominal obesity and less than 45 mg/dL for low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol. Fasting insulin and C-reactive protein concentrations and (inversely) smoking more than 10 cigarettes daily were significant predictors of newly developed abdominal obesity at a follow-up of mean 5.9 years. In the prediction of high triglyceride-low HDL dyslipidemia, elevated blood pressure (BP) or MS and doubling of baseline fasting insulin level contributed approximately 25% to the hazard ratio (HR), whereas waist circumference exhibited independent HRs of 1.30, 1.62, and 2.22, respectively. Waist girth (or body mass index) quartiles was the major predictor (HR, 1.72) of diabetes mellitus (DM), followed by physical inactivity and total cholesterol and insulin levels, all independent of each other. Waist girth quartiles in women conferred excess risk of incident coronary heart disease from quartile II onward, independent of age, DM, and elevated BP. Fasting insulin and C-reactive protein levels and (inversely) heavy smoking are main predictors in Turkish women of abdominal obesity. Across waist girth quartiles, multiadjusted relative risks for dyslipidemia, elevated BP, MS, and coronary heart disease rise sharply and asymptotically from quartile II (> or = 83 cm) onward, whereas risk of DM emerges in the top quartile. A waist girth of 83 cm or greater should be regarded as abdominal obesity among Turkish women.
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PMID:Predictors of abdominal obesity and high susceptibility of cardiometabolic risk to its increments among Turkish women: a prospective population-based study. 1729 23

Appropriate management of lipids is a central component of risk reduction in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). According to the most recent guidelines, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLC) is the principal target of lipid-lowering therapy and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors (statins) are the mainstay of this therapy. The actual target level of LDL lowering is being reassessed in light of recent clinical trials. Once appropriate LDL lowering has been achieved, treatment of other targets such as high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC), triglycerides, and non-HDLC should be considered. In addition to dyslipidemia, multiple observational studies suggest that inflammatory markers such as C-reactive protein (CRP) are associated with risk of cardiovascular events and that treatment with statins may lower CRP levels. However, there are insufficient data at this time supporting treatment of CRP as a principal target in CAD.
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PMID:Treatment goals for the management of lipids and inflammation for patients with coronary artery disease. 1737 71

In this study, we examined whether homocystinemia acted as an independent and important risk factor in the Chinese population at a high risk of coronary artery disease (CAD). The study population included 237 consecutive patients undergoing coronary angiography and was divided into 2 groups. Group A consisted of 138 patients with CAD and group B of 99 patients with normal coronary angiogram. Prevalence of conventional risk factors of CAD including aging, male gender, family history of CAD, smoking, hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes, obesity, and increased high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) was derived and fasting plasma homocysteine was measured. Results showed that level of plasma fasting homocysteine in group A was significantly higher compared with that in group B and homocystinemia was more prevalent in group A than in group B (p <0.001 for the 2 comparisons). Levels of systolic and diastolic blood pressures, fasting serum glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and hs-CRP were higher, whereas level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol was lower (all p value <0.05) in group A than in group B. Using a multivariate logistic regression model, we identified smoking, hs-CRP, total cholesterol, plasma homocysteine, systolic blood pressure, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol as independent risk or protective factors of CAD with odds ratios of 3.83, 3.15, 2.51, 2.14, 1.08, and 0.02, respectively. In conclusion, a high homocysteine level is an independent and important risk factor of CAD and the relative risk of CAD conferred by homocystinemia is similar to that of dyslipidemia in the Chinese population at high risk of CAD.
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PMID:Homocysteinemia as an independent risk factor in the Chinese population at a high risk of coronary artery disease. 1765 28

The metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a clustering of risk factors known to promote or increase the risk for development of diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Approximately one-third of the adult population of developed countries can be categorized as having MetS by different definitions. MetS, even in the absence of diabetes mellitus, is associated with an increased risk of CVD and total mortality. Those with diabetes mellitus are considered a cardiovascular risk equivalent and warrant aggressive management of underlying risk factors to optimize prevention of CVD. Initial evaluation of coronary heart disease risk involves global risk estimation using Framingham or other algorithms for risk prediction. Consideration of screening for novel risk factors such as C-reactive protein, as well as subclinical atherosclerosis (from carotid ultrasound, computed tomography, or ankle-brachial index), can further refine the estimation of future CVD risk. The presence of subclinical atherosclerosis or elevated levels of C-reactive protein can potentially modify recommended treatment goals for lipid and other cardiovascular risk factors. The American Heart Association and US National Heart Lung and Blood Institute have released guidelines for the clinical management of MetS, which focus on lifestyle management for abdominal obesity and physical inactivity, and clinical management of atherogenic dyslipidemia, elevated BP, elevated glucose, and prothrombotic state.
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PMID:Metabolic syndrome: cardiovascular risk assessment and management. 1769 67

The aim of this study was to examine whether serum uric acid (SUA) concentration was related to the metabolic syndrome (MS). A total of 981 Japanese workingmen were studied. MS was diagnosed based on the modified criteria of the International Diabetes Federation. MS was present in 8.0% of the target participants. Logistic regression analysis using a cutoff value of the SUA of 7.0 mg/dL showed that some components of MS and the logarithmic value of the serum C-reactive protein were associated with a significant odds ratio for predicting elevated SUA. The odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of a high logarithmic value of the serum C-reactive protein, large waist girth, elevated blood pressure, and dyslipidemia for elevated SUA were 1.76 (CI, 1.21-2.55), 1.72 (CI, 1.21-2.45), 1.42 (CI, 1.01-2.00), and 1.87 (CI, 1.30-2.69), respectively. Most of the components of MS were significant determinants of SUA.
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PMID:Serum uric acid is significantly related to the components of the metabolic syndrome in Japanese workingmen. 1778 78


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