Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0242339 (dyslipidemia)
 13,927 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Recent evidence suggests that individuals with high concentrations of C-reactive protein (CRP), a marker of inflammation, are less responsive to cholesterol-lowering diets. CRP concentrations are increased by oral estrogen; however, the effect of soy phytoestrogens on inflammation has not been studied comprehensively, especially in women receiving hormone replacement therapy (HRT). This study was conducted to determine whether adding soy to a low-fat, high-fiber diet affects CRP and interleukin (IL)-6, and to examine the association between CRP levels and lipid response in moderately hypercholesterolemic adults (men = 18, postmenopausal women = 14; 6 receiving HRT). After a 3-wk run-in period with consumption of a Step I diet (27% total fat, 7% saturated fat, 275 mg cholesterol), participants were randomly assigned to diets containing 25 g/d soy protein (+ 90 mg/d isoflavones) or 25 g/d milk protein for 6 wk in a crossover design. Lipids and lipoproteins, CRP, and IL-6 were measured at the end of each diet and participants were categorized into high (>3.5 mg/L) or low CRP groups based on a median split. The addition of soy or milk protein to the Step I diet did not affect lipids or inflammatory markers. Regardless of protein source, those with low CRP exhibited significant decreases in LDL cholesterol (-3.5%) and the LDL:HDL cholesterol ratio (-4.8%), whereas those with high CRP had significant increases in LDL cholesterol (+4.8%), the LDL:HDL cholesterol ratio (+5.2%), apolipoprotein B (+3.8%), and lipoprotein(a) (+13.5%) compared with the run-in diet. These results suggest that inflammation may not only attenuate lipid responses, but also aggravate dyslipidemia in hypercholesterolemic subjects consuming a cholesterol-lowering diet.
 ...
PMID:Lipid response to a low-fat diet with or without soy is modified by C-reactive protein status in moderately hypercholesterolemic adults. 1586 84

Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus have a greater risk of cardiovascular disease than nondiabetic individuals. These patients are often insulin resistant and have an associated clustering of risk factors that contribute to cardiovascular disease. The risk factors include dyslipidemia, hypertension, altered hemostasis, and chronic inflammation. A primary objective in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus is normalization of blood glucose levels; however, some of the oral drugs used to control blood glucose levels have significant effects on these risk factors. In this article, we review the current data involving the modification of these cardiovascular risk factors by the biguanide (metformin), the thiazolidinediones (troglitazone, rosiglitazone, and pioglitazone), the alpha-glucosidase inhibitors (miglitol, acarbose), and the insulin secretagogs (glyburide [glibenclamide], glipizide, chlorpropamide, tolbutamide, tolazamide, glimepiride, repaglinide, and nateglinide). Generally, the thiazolidinediones improve hemostasis and endothelial function and reduce blood pressure, while having variable effects on dyslipidemia. Metformin improves dyslipidemia and altered hemostasis and decreases plasma C-reactive protein levels with little or no effect on blood pressure. Data on the effects of the alpha-glucosidase inhibitors and insulin secretagogs are sparse; however, these drugs appear to have little or no effect on cardiovascular risk factors.
 ...
PMID:Cardiovascular risk factors associated with insulin resistance: effects of oral antidiabetic agents. 1590 Dec 7

To investigate the association between fasting glucose and C-reactive protein (CRP), we examined 1715 Japanese individuals (723 men and 992 women) aged 40-69 years who did not have medication for hypertension, diabetes, or dyslipidemia, a history of cardiovascular disease or CRP levels>10mg/l. There was a statistically significant unadjusted correlation between CRP and each component of the metabolic syndrome, including fasting glucose, fasting insulin, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (negative), and triglycerides in both men and women. With adjustment for age, cigarette smoking, alcohol intake, and other components of the metabolic syndrome, the CRP increments (as back-transformed) compared with the lowest tertile of normal fasting glucose were 0.99, 1.05, 1.21, and 1.34mg/l (P for trend=0.008) with the second lowest and highest tertiles of normal fasting glucose, impaired fasting glucose, and type-2 diabetes, respectively in men. The respective adjusted CRP increments were 1.12, 1.23, 1.33, and 1.93mg/l (P for trend<0.001) in women. In the stratified analyses of CRP levels by sex, obesity status, and fasting glucose category or the number of components of the metabolic syndrome, an increase in CRP levels was greater in women than men with obesity and higher fasting glucose category (gender interaction: P<0.001) or an increased number of components of the metabolic syndrome (gender interaction: P=0.003). These results indicate that CRP levels increase continuously across the spectrum of fasting glucose in both sexes. This association is more pronounced in women.
 ...
PMID:Association between fasting glucose and C-reactive protein in a Japanese population: the Minoh study. 1595 91

Cardiovascular complications are the main cause of mortality and morbidity among patients on dialyses. The aim of the work was to assess the effect of the type of renal replacement therapy on the risk factors and cardiovascular complication in dialyzed patients. The studies were performed retrospectively on 90 hemodialyzed and 49 peritoneally dialyzed patients. Risk factors of cardiovascular diseases as well as serum lipids, complete blood count, serum albumin, fibrinogen, C-reactive protein, calcium, phosphates, PTH, systolic, diastolic, mean blood pressure, left ventricular hypertrophy. Hemodialyzed patients were more anemic, longer on renal replacement therapy, with higher albumin, phosphates, lower fibrinogen, cholesterol, LDL, triglycerides, calcium, systolic and diastolic blood pressure than peritoneally dialyzed patients. Left ventricular hypertrophy more frequently found in hemodialyzed patients than in peritoneally dialyzed patients. In peritoneally dialyzed patients glucose load into the peritoneum, dyslipidemia and hiperfibrinogenemia may further contribute at the cardiovascular complications. In hemodialyzed patients anemia, left ventricular hypertrophy and ischemic heart disease is more frequent than in peritoneally dialyzed patients.
 ...
PMID:[Cardiovascular risk factors in dialyzed patients]. 1596 7

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), defined as the combination of oligoanovulation and hyperandrogenism, affects more than 5% of women of reproductive age. Insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia appear to play an important role in its pathogenesis. Here, we will present a characterization of a PCOS cohort from North Rhine-Westphalia in Germany. Clinical features, family history as well as endocrine and metabolic parameters were prospectively recorded from 200 successive patients. All patients were evaluated for insulin resistance and beta-cell-function by oral glucose tolerance test. Patient data were compared with those of 98 age-matched control women. PCOS patients showed significantly higher BMI, body fat mass and androgen levels as well as impaired glucose and insulin metabolism. A positive family history of PCOS and diabetes was more frequent in PCOS patients. Insulin resistance (71%) was the most common metabolic abnormality in PCOS patients followed by obesity (52%) and dyslipidemia (46.3%), with an incidence of 31.5% for the metabolic syndrome. C-reactive protein and other cardiovascular risk factors were frequently elevated even in young PCOS patients. While the clinical characteristics and endocrine parameters of this German PCOS cohort were heterogeneous, they were comparable to those from other Caucasian populations.
 ...
PMID:Clinical and biochemical characterization of women with polycystic ovary syndrome in North Rhine-Westphalia. 1603 17

Smoking is a major cause of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and cardiovascular disorders, including coronary heart disease (CHD) and peripheral arterial disease. Smoking-induced inflammation and other risk factors like dyslipidemia cause vascular endothelial damage via oxidative stress, and a vicious cycle with the characteristics of atherosclerosis ensues. Inflammatory cytokines stimulate hepatic acute-phase protein production, and C-reactive protein is now used widely to assess inflammation in the arterial wall. Smoking is associated with many alterations in lipids and lipoproteins, and is also prothrombotic. Global risk assessment, which determines the absolute risk for developing CHD in 10 years, is used widely to determine who should receive lipid-lowering therapy. Major CHD risk factors include age, sex, smoking, blood pressure, lipoproteins, and cholesterol, but COPD is not among them. Future studies should determine the absolute risk for developing CHD in patients with COPD. The 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme-A reductase inhibitors (statins) are used widely to treat and prevent cardiovascular disease. The statins may also produce other beneficial pleiotropic effects, including increased nitric oxide and prostacyclin, antithrombosis, and decreased inflammation, perhaps indicating utility in the therapy for COPD. Efforts are currently underway to determine if such antiinflammatory effects are independent of or in addition to simply lowering low-density lipoprotein cholesterol.
 ...
PMID:Cardiovascular disease in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. 1611 68

Both 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitors (statins) as well as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)alpha activators (fibrates) proved to be effective in the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular diseases. The benefits of hypolipemic therapy in cardiovascular diseases cannot be explained only by the lipid-lowering potential of these agents. The aim of this study was to clarify the effect of hypolipemic agents on proinflammatory cytokine release from human monocytes in relationship with their action on plasma levels of sensitive systemic marker of low-grade vascular inflammation. Plasma lipid and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) levels, and the release of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFalpha) and interleukin-1beta from monocytes were assessed at baseline and 30 and 90 days following randomization of IIa dyslipidemic patients into fluvastatin or simvastatin groups and randomization of type IIb dyslipidemic patients to the micronized form of either ciprofibrate or fenofibrate. Lipopolysaccharide-stimulated monocytes from dyslipidemic patients released significantly more TNFalpha (types IIa and IIb dyslipidemias) and interleukin-1beta (type IIa dyslipidemia) in comparison with monocytes in 59 age-, sex-, and weight-matched control subjects. Their baseline hsCRP levels were also higher. Both statins and fibrates reduced the release of TNFalpha and interleukin-1beta, and lowered plasma hsCRP levels. The effects of hypolipemic agents on cytokine release and plasma hsCRP were unrelated to their lipid-lowering action. Our results have demonstrated that type IIa and IIb dyslipidemic patients exhibit the abnormal pattern of TNFalpha and interleukin-1beta production by activated monocytes. Both HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors and PPARalpha activators normalize monocytic secretion of these cytokines, and this action may partially contribute to the systemic antiinflammatory effect of hypolipemic agents. The statin- and fibrate-induced suppression of proinflammatory cytokine release from monocytes seems to play a role in their beneficial effect on the incidence of cardiovascular events.
 ...
PMID:Monocyte release of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-1beta in primary type IIa and IIb dyslipidemic patients treated with statins or fibrates. 1611 45

Menopause-related oestrogen deficiency increases the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). The presence of abdominal obesity, dyslipidemia, hypertension, fasting hyperglycaemia or impaired glucose tolerance further aggravates the CVD risk imposed by menopause. A detailed personal history should be recorded, covering PCOS, gestational diabetes mellitus, alcohol intake and smoking, as well as a family history of cardiovascular disease. Screening of the a-symptomatic post-menopausal woman should include fasting lipid profile, plasma glucose and liver, renal and thyroid function tests. Serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c)>130 mg/dL is associated with an increased risk of CVD. Levels of triglycerides (TG)>or=150 mg/dL and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c)<or=50 mg/dL coupled with an increase in small dense LDL and very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) particles constitute the atherogenic dyslipidemia, which characterizes the metabolic syndrome. In women with previous VTE episodes, screening for thrombophilia is advisable, as well as an estimation of baseline homocysteine and C-reactive protein (CRP). Non-pharmacological intervention should be targeted towards smoking cessation, a low-salt, low-fat, high-fibre diet and increased physical activity.
 ...
PMID:Cardiovascular disease: screening and management of the a-symptomatic high-risk post-menopausal woman. 1614 Apr 82

Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death among adults in the United States, in Europe, and in much of Asia. Despite advances in primary prevention of coronary artery disease, including early detection and treatment of dyslipidemia, one half of all myocardial infarctions and strokes occur in patients with normal serum cholesterol levels. Observations like this prompt the search for new risk factors and improved identification of individuals at high risk. One proposed risk factor is an elevated level of C-reactive protein (CRP), a marker of inflammation independent of other risk factors. The CRP assay is desirable in terms of standardization and cost. The 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors (statins) are indicated for the treatment of dyslipidemias, but data support their protective role against cardiovascular disease beyond their effects on lipids. Statins directly affect inflammatory markers, and nearly 2 dozen randomized studies have demonstrated statins' effects on CRP. Because information regarding the role of CRP in cardiovascular disease is compelling but sometimes contradictory and because the need to reduce CRP levels is unclear, the American Heart Association and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention presented a panel statement on the topic. Ongoing trials will assist in determining the need to reduce CRP levels to lower cardiovascular risk. An understanding of these issues is important for improving the prediction of cardiovascular risk and for intervening to reduce this risk.
 ...
PMID:Effect of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors on high-sensitivity C-reactive protein levels. 1618 81

Cardiovascular disease is one of the most important causes of morbidity and mortality in children with end-stage renal failure. Chronic inflammation and malnutrition have been suggested to be risk factors for cardiovascular disease. However, to date, biomarkers of inflammation have not been well studied in children. The aim of this study was to investigate the relation between chronic inflammation and cardiovascular risk factors in children on hemodialysis therapy. Twenty-seven patients on hemodialysis (14 girls, 13 boys) of mean age 15.3 +/- 2.4 years and 20 healthy children (13 girls, 7 boys) of mean age 14.3 +/- 2.7 years were included the study. C-reactive protein (CRP), albumin, prealbumin, transferrin, ferritin, and fibrinogen were measured as the markers of inflammation. The levels of CRP, ferritin, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate among hemodialysis patients were significantly higher than those of control subjects (P < .001 for all). Albumin and transferrin levels were found to be lower than those of control group (P = .02 and P < .001, respectively). CRP levels were negatively correlated with albumin, prealbumin, apoprotein A1, HDL, and hemoglobin levels, and positively correlated with erythropoietin/Htc ratios. This study suggests that hemodialyzed children are exposed to chronic inflammation. In addition, CRP may be an indicator of chronic inflammation related to cardiovascular risk factors, such as malnutrition, dyslipidemia, and anemia. In conclusion, we suggest that the risk of cardiovascular disease could be reduced by defining markers of chronic inflammation and malnutrition in hemodialyzed children and by taking necessary measures at an early stage.
 ...
PMID:Relationship between chronic inflammation and cardiovascular risk factors in children on maintenance hemodialysis. 1621 60


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>