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Query: UMLS:C0242339 (dyslipidemia)
 13,927 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The prevalence of marked obesity is increasing rapidly among adults and has more than doubled in 10 years. Sixty-one percent of the adult population of the United States is overweight or obese. Americans are the fattest people on earth. Paradoxically these increases in the numbers of persons who are obese or overweight have occurred during recent years when Americans have been preoccupied with numerous dietary programs, diet products, weight control, health clubs, home exercise equipment, and physical fitness videos, each "guaranteed" to bring rapid results. Overweight and obesity are also world problems. The World Health Organization estimates that 1 billion people around the world are now overweight or obese. Westernization of diets has been part of the problem. Fruits, vegetables, and whole grains are being replaced by readily accessible foods high in saturated fat, sugar, and refined carbohydrates. Since class 3 obesity (morbid or extreme obesity) is associated with the most severe health complications, the incidence of hypertension, stroke, heart disease, diabetes, and peripheral vascular disease will increase substantially in the future. Recently, obesity alone has been implicated in the development of cardiac hypertrophy and CHF. The metabolic syndrome associated with abdominal obesity, which includes insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and elevated CRP levels, identifies subjects who have an increase in cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Twenty to 25% of the adult population in the United States have the metabolic syndrome, and in some older groups this prevalence approaches 50%. The prevalence of overweight children in the United States has also been increasing dramatically, especially among non-Hispanic blacks and Mexican-American adolescents. Overweight children usually become overweight adults. Atherosclerosis begins in childhood. The degree of atherosclerotic changes in children and young adults can be correlated with the presence of the same risk factors seen in adults. As health providers, our direction is obvious!
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PMID:Obesity and the metabolic syndrome. 1262 76

Arteriosclerosis, atherosclerosis and vascular calcification are causally related to the high morbidity and mortality of patients with chronic renal failure. Oxidative stress and carbonyl stress of uremia, dialysis procedure and/or intravenous iron therapy result in AGE (advanced glycation end-product), ALE (advanced lipoxidation end-product) and AOPP (advanced oxidation protein product) formation, favouring together with elevated CRP (C-reactive protein) levels the development of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular complications. Enhanced plasma levels of homocysteine and ADMA (asymmetric dimethylarginine) contribute to this process. In addition, in chronic renal insufficiency hyperphosphatemia and an enhanced calcium x phosphorus ion product are associated with the morbidity and mortality of the patients, particularly in the presence of fetuin deficiency. Phosphorus, AGEs and AOPPs, beside other factors, catalyze the conversion of vascular smooth muscle cells to osteoblast--like cells (particularly in the presence of monocytes/macrophages), resulting in bone matrix protein formation. Other risk factors, such as age, male sex, smoking, hypertension, diabetes, chronic inflammation, insulin resistance or dyslipidemia (enhanced non-HDL-cholesterol) also contribute to the atherosclerotic risk profile of the patient with chronic renal insufficiency. While there is growing understanding of the mechanisms involved in arteriosclerosis, atherosclerosis and vascular calcification in uremia, we are still missing effective therapeutic maneuvers for reduction of excess mortality in uremic patients.
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PMID:[Atherosclerosis and uremia: signifance of non-traditional risk factors]. 1277 74

The hypothesis was tested that metabolic syndrome (MS) plays a leading role in approximating the multivariate distribution of thrombogenic and metabolic blood variables in a population of postinfarction patients. The multivariate statistical technique of factor analysis was used to determine blood variable clustering 2 months after myocardial infarction. Five clusters resulted in two separate independent factors, dyslipidemia and metabolic, reflecting MS and the remaining interpreted as cholesterol-lipoprotein, vascular-inflammatory, and coagulation. All five factors accounted for 55% of total variance with MS-associated factors accounting for 20% and individual factor contributions as follows: 11.6, 8.6, 12.9, 11.9, and 9.6%, respectively. There were no interactions of metabolic variables with thrombogenic variables or CRP in any factor. Results of subgroup analysis in males and females and in patients on and not on statins were all similar to the total group. We conclude there is no interaction of variables of MS or cholesterol-lipoprotein factors with those of thrombogenic factors. This independence yields the potential for use of factors in evaluating CVD risk. Further, the importance of MS in this group of postinfarction patients is emphasized, as the largest contribution to total variance was from MS factors, meaning that these variables best approximate the original multivariate distribution.
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PMID:Metabolic syndrome best defines the multivariate distribution of blood variables in postinfarction patients. 1464 7

Understanding the risk and pathogenesis of the numerous disorders including the insulin resistance/metabolic syndrome has changed meaningfully in the recent years. The remarkable similarity of the risk factors of cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus, obesity and atherogenic dyslipidemia induced to search for their pathophysiology. The aim of these examinations was to determine if the inflammatory state is a soil of the metabolic syndrome as in atherosclerosis? Increasing number of studies demonstrates a series of statistically significant correlations between the inflammatory markers and diseases present in the metabolic syndrome. It allows for the reasonable basis of hypothesis that chronic, mild inflammatory state underlies not only the cardiovascular disease, but also is the soil of the metabolic syndrome pathologies and its complications development. Both associations between the inflammatory mediators as CRP, fibrinogen, alpha1-glycoproteins, leptin, TNFalpha, PAI-1 and the metabolic syndrome variables, chiefly obesity, seem to suggest that both atherosclerosis and insulin resistance are the results of chronic activation of the nonspecific (innate) immune system. According to this hypothesis, daily stresses as traumas, infections and emotions would lead to primary immune and neuroendocrine systems alterations. By this manner, whole body metabolic disorders and metabolic syndrome component progressive reveal would approach. In this context, metabolic syndrome might be defined as an immunemetabolic disease.
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PMID:[Metabolic or immunometabolic syndrome?]. 1599 65

Heart transplantation-induced dyslipidemia is a recognized risk factor for cardiac allograft vasculopathy that affects survival prognosis. Beyond increased lipids, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) size and systemic factors, including glucose intolerance, oxidative stress, and inflammation, must be taken into account as components of the atherosclerotic risk. The aim of this study was to explore the atherogenic profile of heart transplant recipients (HTR) by assessing lipid parameters, glycemia, oxidative stress status, and inflammation in 59 transplant patients (follow-up of 6 +/- 3 years) compared to 20 healthy volunteers. Classical hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia were observed in HTR compared to controls, associated with increased apoCIII levels (0.13 +/- 0.6 vs 0.07 +/- 0.03 g/L, P < .01). Mean LDL size was reduced in HTR compared to controls (25.22 +/- 0.72 vs 26.06 +/- 0.54 nm, P < .001) with an abnormally high prevalence (69% vs 0%, P < .001) of small dense LDL (<25.5 nm). Hyperglycemia (7.3 +/- 3 vs 5.4 +/- 0.8 mmol/L, P < .05) and inflammation (high-sensitive CRP: 3.1 +/- 3 vs 1.6 +/- 0.9 mg/L, P < .001) were evidenced in HTR since no difference in oxidative stress parameters was observed. In conclusion, a high prevalence of small dense LDL is an important component of posttransplantation dyslipidemia.
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PMID:High prevalence of small dense LDL as an underestimated component of heart transplantation-induced dyslipidemia: potential role in graft coronary vasculopathy? 1618 40

Afssaps guidelines 2005 for the treatment of dyslipidemic patients provide a valuable tool for optimal treatment in clear cut situations. However, for patients with intermediate cardiovascular risk or when it might be necessary to intensify hypolipidemic treatment, additional risk markers can be contributive for risk estimation (CRP, intima-media thickness) and it is usefull to take into account the physiopathology of dyslipidemia and subgroup analysis of clinical trials. An efficient cardiovascular prevention implies a screening of high cardiovascular risk subjects, an optimal treatment and conversely not to over treat low risk subjects. In France, convergent studies show under treatment of high risk subjects and over treatment of low risk dyslipidemic subjects.
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PMID:[Cardiovascular prevention of high risk patients by hypolipidemic treatment]. 1636 28

High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels vary remarkably by race and ethnic group. We examined hs-CRP levels and their association with cardiovascular risk factors in the Japanese general population. The Japan National Cardiovascular Center (NCVC)-collaborative Inflammation Cohort (JNIC) Study recruited 5213 men and 7071 women aged > or = 40 years from seven communities in Japan during 2002-2004. hs-CRP was measured using nephelometry calibrated with CRM 470, the international plasma protein reference material. Traditional cardiovascular risk factors and their aggregation were studied in multivariate logistic models, stratified by overweight status. Median hs-CRP levels in men and women were 0.60 and 0.45 mg/L, respectively. The percentage of subjects with hs-CRP levels < 1.0, 1.0-3.0, and > 3.0 mg/L was 67.4%, 22.0%, and 10.6% in men, respectively, and 76.3%, 16.7%, and 7.0% in women. hs-CRP levels showed significant linear associations with traditional risk factors. Overweight, hypertension, dyslipidemia (men only), smoking (men only), and diabetes (women only) contributed significantly to elevated hs-CRP levels. Overweight individuals with hypertension, dyslipidemia, and diabetes had a high prevalence of elevated hs-CRP levels in both sexes. Japanese adults have very low hs-CRP levels. An aggregation of metabolic risk factors is associated with elevated hs-CRP levels among overweight individuals, particularly in women.
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PMID:A low level of C-reactive protein in Japanese adults and its association with cardiovascular risk factors: the Japan NCVC-Collaborative Inflammation Cohort (JNIC) study. 1696 54

Adiponectin levels are significantly lower in obese adult patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, essential hypertension, dyslipidemia, and cardiovascular disease. However, the role of hypoadiponectinemia in nonobese healthy adults has not been fully elucidated. In this study, we examined the association between hypoadiponectinemia and cardiovascular risk factors and estimated plasma adiponectin values in nonobese, apparently healthy adults. A total of 204 male and 214 female healthy individuals aged 20 to 80 years, with a body mass index (BMI) of less than 25 kg/m2, were included in this study. We measured patients' plasma adiponectin levels, serum lipid profiles, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels, fasting glucose levels, and fasting insulin levels. Mean values of plasma adiponectin were 5.45 +/- 3.3 microg/mL in male and 8.16 +/- 4.6 microg/mL in female subjects. The hypoadiponectinemia group (< 4.0 microg/mL) had significantly higher levels (P < .01) of BMI, fasting glucose, fasting insulin, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and triglycerides, but lower levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). In males, plasma adiponectin levels were inversely correlated with BMI (r = -0.32, P < .01), HOMA-IR (r = -0.14, P < .05), triglyceride levels (r = -0.17, P < .05), and hs-CRP levels (r = -0.15, P < .05), and positively correlated with HDL-C (r = 0.24, P < .01). In females, plasma adiponectin levels were negatively correlated with BMI (r = -0.31, P < .01), fasting glucose (r = -0.18, P < .01), fasting insulin (r = -0.23, P < .01), HOMA-IR (r = -0.24, P < .01), and triglyceride (r = -0.18, P < .01) levels, and positively correlated with HDL-C (r = 0.37, P < .01). Sex, age, BMI, and HDL-C (P < .01 for each) were found to be independent factors associated with plasma adiponectin levels in multivariate analysis. Hypoadiponectinemia is significantly associated with cardiovascular risk factors such as insulin resistance and atherogenic lipid profiles in nonobese, apparently healthy subjects.
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PMID:Association between hypoadiponectinemia and cardiovascular risk factors in nonobese healthy adults. 1704 59

Although substantial evidence suggests that treatment of dyslipidemia with statins reduces mortality and morbidity that are associated with cardiovascular disease, only a few studies have examined the efficacy of statins on inflammatory and fibrinolytic status in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). A 6-mo, prospective, randomized study was designed to assess the efficacy of atorvastatin in reducing circulating inflammatory and fibrinolytic parameters in patients with CKD. Sixty-six patients with CKD (stages 2, 3, and 4) and LDL cholesterol levels > or =100 mg/dl were randomly assigned (2:1) to receive 20 mg/d atorvastatin (n = 44) or nonatorvastatin therapy (n = 22). Lipid profile, renal function, fibrinolytic balance (tissue plasminogen activator [t-PA] and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1), and inflammatory markers (C-reactive protein [CRP], IL-1 beta, IL-6, and TNF-alpha) were measured before and 6 mo after atorvastatin was added to the treatment. Twenty-five age-matched individuals with normal renal function (estimated GFR >90 ml/min) were used as healthy control subjects. Patients with CKD had higher CRP, IL-1 beta, TNF-alpha, and IL-6 levels than age-matched population with normal renal function. t-PA concentration was higher in patients with CKD (P = 0.000). Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 values were comparable in all patients. Total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol were significantly reduced only in patients who received atorvastatin. In addition to the hypolipidemic effect, atorvastatin treatment significantly reduced inflammatory parameters: CRP (median 4.1 to 2.9; P = 0.015), TNF-alpha (6.0 +/- 2.7 to 4.7 +/- 2.4; P = 0.046), and IL-1 beta levels (1.9 +/- 0.7 to 1.2 +/- 0.7; P = 0.001). These parameters remained unchanged in patients who were not treated with atorvastatin. Fibrinolytic parameters were not modified by atorvastatin treatment. Patients with CKD showed higher levels of inflammatory parameters and t-PA levels than age-matched healthy control subjects. Atorvastatin treatment, in addition to its beneficial effect on cholesterol levels, improved the inflammatory state of these patients without modifying fibrinolytic balance.
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PMID:Effects of atorvastatin on inflammatory and fibrinolytic parameters in patients with chronic kidney disease. 1713 Feb 67

Atherosclerotic coronary heart disease and other forms of cardiovascular disease (CVD) are the major cause of mortality in type II diabetes (T2DM) as well as a major contributor to morbidity and lifetime costs. The purpose of this article is the identification of the biochemical parameters in plasma, which may serve as predisposition factors to CVD in T2DM patients of different ages. The variability of hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, and inflammation with age progression was also studied for comparison. Four different diabetic groups allocated on the basis of the subjects' age (Group A: 15-25 years old; Group B: 26-40 years old; Group C: 40-60 years old; Group D: 60-80 years old) and consisting of 10 patients each, in parallel with 10 healthy controls matched for age, sex, and ethnic origin were screened for glucose, insulin, lipid profile (total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, and HDL), and inflammatory mediators (CRP, IL-6, and TNF-alpha). Significant differences were observed among the expressions of biochemical markers among different age groups. Hyperglycemia showed no variability with age whereas dyslipidemia correlated positively with age progression, as well as obesity, low physical activity, and family history of heart disease or diabetes. Marked inflammation was prominent only in Groups C and D. This article indicates that different biochemical parameters may be used for the assessment of CVD risk in T2DM patients of variable age.
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PMID:Differences in expression of cardiovascular risk factors among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients of different age. 1715


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