Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0242339 (dyslipidemia)
 13,927 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is increasingly recognized not only as a cause of end-stage renal disease but also as a cause of cardiovascular disease. Importantly, it is intimately associated with non-healthy lifestyles such as obesity, metabolic syndrome, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, smoking, and heavy drinking. To define CKD direct measurement of GFR or estimation of GFR (eGFR) is required. Japan Society of Nephrology is asking nationwide project to create "original" equation without using ethnic factor to obtain eGFR. Early detection and early treatment are vital to prevent not only CKD progression but also cardiovascular events. A comprehensive health education campaign and screening of the general populace are needed in order to detect CKD early. The control of hypertension, dyslipidemia, proteinuria, obesity, are intervention strategies that retard or prevent progression of CKD. Blockade of the renin-angiotensin system can be beneficial, especially if proteinuria is present.
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PMID:[New concept of chronic kidney disease and blockade of renin-angiotensin system]. 1787 2

Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is defined as an atherosclerotic disease in the lower extremities and is characterized by its symptom of intermittent claudication with discomfort and pain at posterior cruris. Various abnormalities of vascular endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells and platelets induced by risk factors of PAD are involved in its pathogenesis. The most important risk factors are ageing, smoking and diabetes mellitus. Dyslipidemia and hypertension are also classical risk factors of PAD. A lesion of PAD in the lower extremity is prone to be more distal in patients with diabetes than in non-diabetics and to be more proximal in smokers than in nonsmokers. In addition, race/ethnicity, increased inflammatory marker levels, homocysteinemia and abdominal obesity are known to be risk factors of PAD. Light-to-moderate alcohol drinking has been demonstrated to reduce the risks of coronary artery disease and ischemic type of stroke, while excessive alcohol drinking increases the risks of hemorrhagic type of stroke (cerebral hemorrhage and subarachnoid hemorrhage), hypertension, cardiac arrhythmia and sudden cardiac death. In most previous epidemiological studies, the risk of PAD has been shown to be lower in light-to-moderate drinkers than in abstainers. Moreover, drinkers with PAD reportedly showed lower mortality than did nondrinkers with PAD. On the other hand, heavy drinking has been reported to be positively associated with the risk of PAD. Increase in HDL cholesterol, decrease in LDL cholesterol, inhibition of platelet aggregation, decrease in blood coagulability, increase in blood fibrinolitic activity, and increase in insulin sensitivity are known as mechanisms for suppression of atherosclerosis by alcohol drinking. These mechanisms are also thought to contribute to reduction of the risk of PAD by alcohol drinking. Further studies are needed to clarify pathophysiological mechanisms for dose-dependent diverse effects of alcohol on the risk of PAD.
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PMID:[Alcohol drinking and peripheral arterial disease of lower extremity]. 2481 55

Acceptable macronutrient distribution ranges (AMDRs) for carbohydrate, fat, and protein have been set by considering epidemiological evidences that suggest consumption within these ranges plays a role in reducing risk of chronic diseases. Little evidence has been presented on the relationship between the intake outside the AMDR for macronutrient and hypertension. Therefore, this study was performed to examine the association between the intake outside the AMDR and hypertension in Korean adults. This study was based on data obtained from the fifth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The AMDR for carbohydrate is 55-70%, for fat is 15-25%, and for protein is 7-20% of the energy intake for adults. The subjects who did not meet the AMDRs for carbohydrate, fat and protein were considered to be the non-AMDR group. The odds ratio of the non-AMDR group was 1.25 (95% CI, 1.02-1.53) in the hypertensive subjects without anti-hypertensive medication and 1.25 (95% CI, 1.06-1.48) in the hypertensive subjects with anti-hypertensive medication after adjustment for age, sex, current smoking, heavy drinking, physical inactivity, obesity, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, total energy intake, high sodium intake, and vitamin D deficiency. The intake outside the AMDR was significantly associated with hypertension in Korean adults. The AMDR might be useful nutritional requirement for dietary management of hypertension. In the future, these findings need to be verified through prospective population-based studies.
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PMID:Acceptable macronutrient distribution ranges and hypertension. 2581

Stroke is a non-communicable disease of increasing socioeconomic importance in aging populations. This study compared the risk factors implicated in two subtypes of ischemic stroke: lacunar stroke (LS) and non-lacunar stroke (NLS). A retrospective case control study was conducted on a total of 368 patients [220 cases (59.8%) of NLS and 148 cases (40.2%) of LS] with first-time onset of ischemic stroke. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to compare multiple non-cerebrovascular risk factors between the two groups. More patients with a history of diabetes were found in the NLS than the LS group (40.5 vs 26.4%), and that both fasting glucose and HbA1C levels before the onset of stroke were higher in NLS than LS patients. Multivariate analysis revealed that patients with a history of diabetes were 1.57 times more likely to have NLS than LS (OR = 1.57, 95%CI = 0.95-3.26). Moreover, male patients were more likely to develop NLS than females (OR = 1.46, 95%CI = 0.79-2.69), and patients with elevated fibrinogen levels were 1.4 times more likely to develop NLS than LS (OR = 1.40, 95%CI = 1.09-1.80). Additionally, patients who were heavy drinkers (OR = 1.39, 95%CI = 0.68-2.84) or smokers (OR = 1.62, 95%CI = 0.91-2.89) were more likely to develop NLS than LS. Other risk factors, such as hypertension, dyslipidemia, age, and average blood pressure, did not differ between the two types of stroke. Thus, distinct non-cerebrovascular risk factors (male gender, long history of diabetes, elevated fibrinogen, heavy smoking, and heavy drinking) are associated with a higher risk of developing non-lacunar stroke than lacunar stroke.
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PMID:Distinct non-cerebrovascular risk factors for ischemic lacunar stroke and non-lacunar stroke: preliminary results. 2596 82

Background and Purpose- Knowledge of the use of secondary preventive medication in young adults is limited. We studied the use of statins and its association with subsequent vascular events in young adults with ischemic stroke-a patient group with a known low burden of atherosclerosis. Methods- The study population included 935 first-ever 30-day ischemic stroke survivors aged 15 to 49 years from the Helsinki Young Stroke Registry, 1994 to 2007. Follow-up data until 2012 were obtained from the Social Insurance Institution of Finland (Drug Prescription Register), the Finnish Care Register, and Statistics Finland. The association of the use of statins (defined as at least 2 purchases) with all-cause mortality, recurrent stroke, and other recurrent vascular events was assessed through adjusted Cox regression analyses. We further compared propensity score-matched statin users with nonusers. Results- Of our 935 patients, 46.8% used statins at some point during follow-up. Higher age, dyslipidemia, heavy alcohol use, and hypertension were significantly associated with purchasing statins. Statin users exhibited lower risk of all-cause mortality (hazard ratio, 0.38 [95% CI, 0.25-0.58]) and recurrent stroke (hazard ratio, 0.29 [95% CI, 0.19-0.44]) than nonusers, after adjustment for dyslipidemia, stroke subtype, and other confounders. These results remained unchanged after propensity score-matched comparison. Conclusions- Less than half of young ischemic stroke patients used statins; use was affected by age and risk factor profile. Statin use was independently associated with lower risk of all-cause mortality and recurrent stroke.
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PMID:Use of Statins After Ischemic Stroke in Young Adults and Its Association With Long-Term Outcome. 3169 20