Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0242339 (dyslipidemia)
 13,927 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of hypercholesterolemia among subjects having diabetes and glucose intolerance, according to the guidelines of the National Cholesterol Education Program (Adult Treatment Panel II, ATP II). This survey consisted of 2090 subjects (856 men, 1234 women) aged 30 years or more from the Sun-Ming district of Kaohsiung city. Glucose tolerance status was ascertained for both medical history and a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test according to World Health Organization criteria. Frequency of elevated total cholesterol in female subjects with abnormal glucose tolerance is significantly greater than in those with normal glucose tolerance (NGT). However, only male subjects with undiagnosed NIDDM (UDDM) had a statistically higher rate of hypercholesterolemia than those with NGT. Of UDDM individuals, 68% have total cholesterol level between 200 and 239 mg/dl and two or more risk factors for heart disease or evidence of coronary heart disease or total cholesterol > or = 240 mg/dl or high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol < or = 35 mg/dl. Such individuals should have their low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol measured. Using the ATP II, LDL cholesterol levels warranting dietary treatment for hypercholesterolemia would be expected in 76% of UDDM. Due to the high prevalence of coronary heart disease in diabetic patients, investigation of blood lipid levels and coronary heart disease risk factors should be routine in these patients, and treatment strategies should include management of lipid disorders and the many other risk factors. A high frequency of dyslipidemia was found among UDDM group in our study. Early detection of undiagnosed diabetic patients is also very important in decreasing the prevalence of coronary heart disease.
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PMID:Hypercholesterolemia in undiagnosed non-insulin-dependent diabetes in southern Taiwan. 868 43

In this paper we presented characteristics of insulin resistance syndrome (IRS), also known as metabolic syndrome and syndrome X, with an emphasis on insulin resistance in hyperandrogenemic women. The aim features of IRS are obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia-hypertriglyceridemia and decreased HDL cholesterol, impaired glucose tolerance with hyperinsulinemia and higher cardiovascular morbidity. It is considered typical that in hyperandrogenemia, especially in PCO syndrome, insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia without other characteristics of IRS are expressed.
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PMID:[Androgen excess in women and the metabolic syndrome (syndrome X)]. 875 4

Survivors of childhood cancer have been reported to have a severalfold increased risk of death from cardiovascular disease. A cluster of metabolic abnormalities, including obesity, insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia, glucose intolerance, hypertension, and dyslipidemia, have been designated as forming a metabolic syndrome that is associated with increased cardiovascular mortality. We studied 50 survivors (23 males) of childhood cancer, aged 10.5-31.2 yr, an average of 12.6 yr (range, 7.9-21.3 yr) after their diagnosis and compared them with 50 age- and sex-matched controls for signs of the metabolic syndrome by examining clinical and anthropometric measures, serum lipid profile, and fasting plasma insulin and glucose concentrations. Spontaneous nocturnal GH secretion was also evaluated in the cancer survivors. The patients had increased relative weight (P = 0.03) and body fat mass (P < 0.001), decreased serum high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (P < 0.001), and a reduced ratio of HDL to total cholesterol (P = 0.01). Fasting plasma glucose and insulin levels were higher (P < 0.001 and P = 0.003, respectively) in the cancer survivors than in the controls. The patients had an increased risk [odds ratio (OR), 4.5; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.3-15.8; P = 0.01] of obesity (relative weight, > 120%), fasting hyperinsulinemia ( > 111 pmol/L; OR, 3.0; 95% CI, 1.0-8.6; P = 0.04), and reduced HDL cholesterol ( < 1.07 mmol/L; OR, 7.9; 95% CI, 2.2 to 29.6; P < 0.001). A combination of obesity, hyperinsulinemia, and low HDL cholesterol was seen in eight cancer survivors (16%), but in none of the controls (P = 0.01). This high risk group was characterized by reduced spontaneous GH secretion (P = 0.02). Long term survivors of childhood cancer appear to have an increased risk of manifestations of the metabolic syndrome. Decreased GH secretion may contribute to these metabolic abnormalities.
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PMID:Long-term survivors of childhood cancer have an increased risk of manifesting the metabolic syndrome. 876 73

Aging is associated with an increased incidence of hypertension, noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, and coronary heart disease. Because these conditions often cluster in the same individuals, there has been speculation that a common mechanism is responsible for all of these pathological states. Both epidemiological and clinical research has shown that insulin resistance and/or hyperinsulinemia are associated with glucose intolerance, dyslipidemia (high plasma triglyceride and low high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels), and higher systolic and diastolic blood pressures. Therefore, insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia have been proposed as the causal link among the elements of the cluster mentioned above, now most commonly referred to as the insulin resistance syndrome, syndrome X, or the metabolic syndrome. The elderly are more glucose intolerant and insulin-resistant, but it remains controversial whether this decrease in function is an inevitable consequence of "biological aging" or the result of what might be referred to as environmental or lifestyle variables: increased obesity, a detrimental pattern of fat distribution, or physical inactivity that usually accompany age. All of these modifiable environmental factors have also been shown to result in increases in insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia and are risk factors for the development of the diseases of the metabolic syndrome. Recent interventional studies that have attempted to reverse these conditions in the elderly have shown improved insulin sensitivity, and glucose tolerance. Insulin secretion, on the other hand, seems to decrease with age even after adjustments for differences in adiposity, fat distribution, and physical activity. This may be responsible for the glucose intolerance in the very old even after improvements have been made in their lifestyle variables.
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PMID:The effect of age on insulin resistance and secretion: a review. 882 67

It has been reported that insulin resistance is associated with essential hypertension and that an aggregation of risk factors-hypertension, dyslipidemia, and glucose intolerance-together with insulin resistance leads to the more frequent appearance of coronary artery disease. We examined the relation between early asymptomatic atherosclerosis and these risk factors in 72 nondiabetic subjects with essential hypertension (41 men, 31 women) aged 50 to 59 years. Intima-media thickness and plaque formation of the carotid artery were assessed by B-mode ultrasonography, and insulin sensitivity was measured by the steady-state plasma glucose method. Lipoprotein profile was analyzed by ultracentrifugation. The intima-media thickness of the common carotid artery significantly correlated with systolic pressure; mean blood pressure; steady-state plasma glucose, indicating insulin resistance; fasting insulin; area under the curve of plasma insulin and glucose; body mass index; apolipoprotein B; apolipoprotein B in low-density lipoprotein; lower ratio of cholesterol to apolipoprotein B of low-density lipoprotein; and decreased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. By multiple regression analysis, steady-state plasma glucose was the strongest risk, followed by lower high-density lipoprotein and systolic pressure. These three factors accounted for 54.9% of all the risk for increased intima-media thickness of the common carotid artery. In conclusion, insulin resistance was the strongest risk factor for carotid intima-media thickness, followed by lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and hypertension. An effort to maintain normal insulin sensitivity is essential for the prevention of early atheromatous lesions in essential hypertension.
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PMID:Insulin resistance as an independent risk factor for carotid wall thickening. 884 83

The insulin resistance syndrome (IRS) is recognized as a harbinger of serious morbidity and high mortality. No published data on the prevalence of the IRS in the Mexican population exist. We estimated the prevalence of the IRS in an area that had 15,532 inhabitants, 3505 (22.6%) of whom were eligible (35-64 years of age, men and non-pregnant women). Interviews were obtained on 2810 (80.2%), a physical and laboratory examination with oral glucose tolerance test, insulin determinations and lipid profile was performed on 2282 individuals, 81.2% of those interviewed, 65.1% of eligibles. The IRS was defined as the coexistence of the triad: hypertension, glucose intolerance (diabetes or impaired glucose tolerance) and dyslipidemia (triglycerides > or = 200 mg/dl and HDL < 35 mg/dl). Using this diagnostic criteria the prevalence of IRS in the general population was 2.97% for men and 3.21% for women. In subjects with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), the IRS was identified in 11.7%. In diabetics, IRS occurred in 13.7%. Subjects with IRS (IGT and diabetics) were significantly more obese (BMI 30 +/- 4.3 vs. 28.4 +/- 4.2 kg/m2 p < 0.001), had central upper body fat pattern distribution (sub/tri skinfolds 1.66 +/- 1.1 vs. 1.5 +/- 0.7 p < 0.02), (waist/hip circumferences 1 +/- 0.07 vs. 0.97 +/- 0.07 p < 0.001) and hyperinsulinemia fasting and post glucose load (25 +/- 17 vs. 15 +/- 13 p < 0.001, 157 +/- 92 vs. 85 +/- 72 p < 0.001, respectively). We conclude that the prevalence of IRS is high, individuals with IRS in Mexico have an anthropometric profile characterized by central, upper body obesity. A significant proportion of the patients with IGT and DM are at the highest cardiovascular risk.
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PMID:The insulin resistance syndrome in Mexico. Prevalence and clinical characteristics: a population based study. 884 65

Hypertension directly predisposes to all of the major atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease outcomes, including coronary artery disease, stroke, cardiac failure, and peripheral artery disease. Coronary artery disease deserves a high priority in treatment of hypertension because it is the most common and lethal sequela. However, reduction of blood pressure as the sole therapeutic goal of antihypertensive therapy is no longer appropriate. Hypertension tends to cluster with other atherogenic risk factors, including dyslipidemia, glucose intolerance, insulin resistance, obesity, and elevated uric acid. Hypertension is only one of the many risk factors for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and is variably hazardous, depending on the number and severity of these coexistent metabolically linked risk factors. The presence of coexistent, already overt cardiovascular disease and left ventricular hypertrophy also greatly influence the hazard and choice of therapy. The urgency for, and choice of, therapy should be based on the multivariate cardiovascular risk profile rather than relying solely on the character and severity of the blood pressure elevation. In this way at-risk hypertensive persons can be more appropriately targeted for treatment designed to improve their multivariate risk profile and to provide maximum benefit and cost effectiveness.
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PMID:Cardioprotection and antihypertensive therapy: the key importance of addressing the associated coronary risk factors (the Framingham experience). 884 93

Obesity carries a penalty of an associated adverse cardiovascular risk profile. Largely as a consequence of this, it is associated with an excess occurrence of cardiovascular disease morbidity and mortality. It is concluded on the basis of data from the Framingham study and other large prospective studies that the rate of development of cardiovascular disease rises rapidly in relation to even modest amounts of adiposity. The abdominal pattern of adiposity, and specifically visceral adiposity, appears to be the most hazardous. First identified as a cause of glucose intolerance, abdominal adiposity has been identified as promoting insulin resistance, hypertension and dyslipidemia, as well as CHD. While the impact of epidemic obesity on the health of white Americans is becoming more fully understood, there are important gaps in the knowledge about the nature of influence of adiposity on CHD in large subgroups of the population. The dearth of detailed and long term prospective studies of African-Americans is the most conspicuous shortcoming of the research base. Finally, because there is a great potential benefit of remaining lean or achieving a sustained weight loss when indicated, and given the high prevalence of obesity, research on adiposity prevention and more effective weight reduction methodology are urgently needed.
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PMID:Obesity and coronary heart disease. 888 94

Obesity is strongly associated with cardiac risk factors including elevated blood pressure, glucose intolerance, and dyslipidemia. Clinical trials have indicated that weight loss significantly improves these risk profiles. Epidemiologic studies consistently have shown that obesity is a strong risk factor for coronary heart disease in both men and women. In addition, abdominal adiposity may confer added risk for coronary heart disease. Although obesity is a modifiable and preventable cardiac risk factor, management of this disorder remains both challenging and vexing to clinicians. To prevent cardiovascular disease we must find ways to decrease the rising prevalence of obesity and to help overweight individuals achieve and sustain weight loss.
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PMID:Obesity and cardiovascular disease. 888 75

It is well known that hyperlipidemia is often present in patient with impaired glucose tolerance, obesity and/or hypertension. All of these are risk factors for coronary artery disease (CAD). The coexistence of these risk factors markedly increase the likelihood of CAD. Recently, it has been reported that the impaired glucose tolerance and insulin resistence are associated with the increased proinsulin, which is linked to the risk of CAD. We review that the impaired glucose tolerance is an important factor causing dyslipidemia. The characteristic of dyslipidemia associated with the impaired glucose tolerance include hypertriglyceridemia, high level of VLDL and low level of HDL cholesterol. They also associate with accumulation of remnant lipoproteins and appearance of small dense LDL. In addition, we pointed out that the increased number of risk factors is associated with elevated insulin and proinsulin level.
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PMID:[The impaired glucose tolerance in the pathogenesis of dyslipidemia]. 891 26


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