Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0242339 (dyslipidemia)
 13,927 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Electron beam CT (EBCT) has been used to measure coronary artery calcification score (CACS). We have been studied CACS on chronic dialysis patients and examined the relationship between CACS and laboratory variables, incidence of ischemic heart disease, and survival. High CACS is often observed in patients with high serum phosphate, high calcium phosphate product, and dyslipidemia. Several factors for calcification both stimulating and suppressing have been playing a role in chronic dialysis patients. CACS is a surrogate marker of adequate control of uremia.
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PMID:[Evaluation and related factors in coronary artery calcification in chronic dialysis patients]. 1557 62

Several international studies from Spain, the Netherlands, Poland, Croatia, and Finland indicate contradicting findings regarding cardiovascular dysfunction among seamen, deep sea fishermen, and harbor workers. The purpose of the present survey was to evaluate the prevalence of hypertension in a selected group of Lithuanian seamen. The survey was conducted during a one year period and involved sailors from commercial, passenger, and fishing boats. The survey took into account the sailors' marital status, education, professional rank and duty, and length of stay at sea. It also included demographical data, complete family health history, the sailor's awareness about their health in general, and awareness about their blood pressure in particular. Their dietary habits, changes in body weight, the history of alcohol intake and tobacco usage were also recorded. Analysis of our data indicates that 44.9% of Lithuanian mariners suffer from a clinically significant elevation of blood pressure, as compared to 53% of the general population of Lithuania. Some of the leading risk factors are: a high cholesterol diet and increased body mass index (BMI), smoking, alcohol abuse, family situation and level of education. The high prevalence of the cardiovascular risk factors was to be found related to ischemic heart disease and cerebrovascular illness. This may be influenced by poor eating habits, poor health awareness and other social and environmental factors which are common to seamen. Increased blood pressure is a widespread condition that affects a large portion of the population in developed countries. It is an important risk factor for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease, as well as a significant preventable cause of mortality. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), hypertension is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease, which accounts for an estimated 17 million deaths each year. With hypertension, the risk of stroke increases 2.6-3.8 times, the risk of ischemic heart disease (IHD)--2.0-2.2 times, and that of congestive heart failure (CHF)--3.0-4.0 times. Hypertension is often accompanied by other cardiovascular risk factors such as dyslipidemia, smoking, diabetes and increased body mass index (BMI). When hypertension is present in conjunction with other risk factors, the risk of mortality associated with IHD can increase tenfold. On the other hand, risk factors such as an increased BMI, smoking, alcohol abuse, lack of exercise and a diet high in salt and fatty foods can themselves play an instrumental role in the etiology of hypertension. Several studies have been performed on the prevalence of hypertension among the general population in Lithuania, which is higher than that of most other European countries. Reviews performed by the programs CINDI (Countrywide Integrated Noncommunicable Disease Intervention) and MONICA (MONItoring CArdiovascular Disease) determined that about half of all studied persons of middle age in Lithuania were hypertensive. Our work is the first study seeking to examine the prevalence of hypertension among Lithuanian seamen, as well as its association with various risk factors and dependence on demographic indices.
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PMID:Prevalence of hypertension in Lithuanian mariners. 1563 17

Patients with chronic renal failure are prone to cardiovascular complications. The mechanisms and the assessment of the risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in this population are of interest. The purpose of this study was to investigate the traditional and potential risk factors for the development of CVD and their contribution to ischemic heart disease (IHD) and variation in carotid intima media thickness (IMT) in hemodialyzed patients (HD). Twenty-one chronically HD patients and nineteen healthy volunteers were recruited. Studied parameters were intima-media thickness, body mass index (BMI), mean arterial blood pressure (MAP), hemoglobin, fibrinogen (Fbg), serum lipids, lipoprotein (a) [Lp(a)], total homocysteine (tHcy). Mean carotid IMT, tHcy, Fbg and Lp(a) were higher in HD patients compared to the control group. There were no differences in cholesterol (tCh) and triglycerides between these groups. Patients with ischemic heart disease were older and they had higher values of carotid IMT, tCh, triglycerides, Fbg and Lp(a). There were no differences in MAP, time on dialysis and tHcy between the two subgroups (with vs without IHD). Carotid IMT correlated positively with age (r = 0.68, p = 0.001), BMI (r = 0.50, p = 0.02), tCh (r = 0.58, p < 0.01), LDL- cholesterol (r = 0.55, p = 0.01) and Fbg (r = 0.57, p < 0.01) but not with tHcy or Lp(a) in the patients group. Carotid intima media thickness thus reflects the risk for ischemic heart disease in hemodialyzed patients. Elevated fibrinogen concentration and dyslipidemia influence arterial remodelling.
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PMID:Intima media thickness of common carotid arteries is associated with traditional risk factors and presence of ischaemic heart disease in hemodialysis patients. 1564 38

It is important for prevention of vascular complications in diabetics to control blood glucose, blood pressure, and dyslipidemia, and to stop smoking. Recently, it has been reported that the HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor has angiogenetic effects independent of lipid lowering effect. Moreover, gene therapy using VEGF and HGF has shown dramatic effects for peripheral arterial disease. Endothelial progenitor cells injection is also expected for treatment of ischemic heart disease.
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PMID:[Division of endocrinology and metabolism, strategy for treatment of diabetic vascular complications for physicians]. 1577 99

Chronic hemodialysis patients show a high incidence and prevalence of cardiovascular disease of multifactorial etiology and an association between dyslipidemia and accelerated atherosclerosis. We analyzed characteristics of dyslipidemia in 1824 hemodialysis patients (59% men; mean age 65 +/- 15 years) in Catalonia and identified risk factors by logistic regression. Prevalence of dyslipidemia was high (63%). Most frequent lipid alterations were decreased HDL cholesterol (40%), hypertriglyceridemia (31%) and hypercholesterolemia (19%). Total cholesterol/HDL ratio was elevated in 23%. Body mass index (OR 1.08; 95% CI 1.05-1.11), diabetes mellitus (1.4; 1.09-1.79), ischemic heart disease (1.38, 1.08-1.75) and stroke (1.30; 1.0-1.69) were independent factors associated with dyslipidemia. Lengthy time (> 7 years) on dialysis (0.77; 0.59-0.99) and female sex (0.78; 0.64-0.96) were independent protective factors. A significant reduction in the risk of developing dyslipidemia was observed after the age of 50. Lipid-lowering drug use was low (19%), with statins being the most frequent (83%). The percentage of patients reaching target LDL levels according to individual cardiovascular risk (ATPIII) was unsatisfactory, particularly in high risk patients (52%). In light of the high prevalence of dyslipidemia and low adherence to target LDL goals, we conclude that strict control of dyslipidemia should be included in cardiovascular risk prevention strategies for chronic hemodialysis patients.
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PMID:Analysis of dyslipidemia in patients on chronic hemodialysis in Catalonia. 1589 56

Silent myocardial ischemia (SMI) and silent coronary stenoses (CS) are two to seven times more frequent in diabetic patients than in non-diabetic patients. In addition to this, they have a higher predictive value for cardiovascular events than the classical cardiovascular risk factors, either taken alone or combined. Coronary arterial disease is the leading cause of mortality and morbidity in the diabetic population. Altogether, these data suggest that screening for SMI and silent CS is an important issue. We assume that detecting SMI and silent CS improves patient management, and leads to optimised follow-up, action taken on nutrition, exercise and lifestyle, management of the cardiovascular risk factors, and revascularisation procedures whenever possible. However, screening for SMI and silent CS is expensive and may induce morbidity. Selecting the patients with a high a priori risk of SMI and silent CS is therefore of major concern. Carotid or lower limb peripheral arterial disease, proteinuria, male gender, an age greater than 60 years, and two or more cardiovascular risk factors among smoking, microalbuminuria, dyslipidemia, hypertension, a family history of premature cardiac disease, and cardiac autonomic neuropathy have been demonstrated to be the best current predictors of SMI and silent CS. New markers, such as adhesion molecules, Lp(a), inflammation parameters or homocysteine, and endothelium function assessment might be of further help in the future.
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PMID:Markers for silent myocardial ischemia in diabetes. Are they helpful? 1595 27

Cardiovascular complications are the main cause of mortality and morbidity among patients on dialyses. The aim of the work was to assess the effect of the type of renal replacement therapy on the risk factors and cardiovascular complication in dialyzed patients. The studies were performed retrospectively on 90 hemodialyzed and 49 peritoneally dialyzed patients. Risk factors of cardiovascular diseases as well as serum lipids, complete blood count, serum albumin, fibrinogen, C-reactive protein, calcium, phosphates, PTH, systolic, diastolic, mean blood pressure, left ventricular hypertrophy. Hemodialyzed patients were more anemic, longer on renal replacement therapy, with higher albumin, phosphates, lower fibrinogen, cholesterol, LDL, triglycerides, calcium, systolic and diastolic blood pressure than peritoneally dialyzed patients. Left ventricular hypertrophy more frequently found in hemodialyzed patients than in peritoneally dialyzed patients. In peritoneally dialyzed patients glucose load into the peritoneum, dyslipidemia and hiperfibrinogenemia may further contribute at the cardiovascular complications. In hemodialyzed patients anemia, left ventricular hypertrophy and ischemic heart disease is more frequent than in peritoneally dialyzed patients.
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PMID:[Cardiovascular risk factors in dialyzed patients]. 1596 7

On the basis of traditional risk factors, a large number of individuals in the United States can be classified as at intermediate risk for the development of ischemic heart disease. The diagnosis of the metabolic syndrome can help determine whether patients at intermediate risk should be considered for more aggressive risk-factor reduction. The measurement of novel risk factors, such as inflammatory markers, can identify a group of patients at high intermediate risk. The Adult Treatment Panel of the National Cholesterol Education Program suggests considering a more aggressive low-density lipoprotein cholesterol treatment goal in this group of individuals. In addition, the presence of the metabolic syndrome is highly predictive of the development of diabetes mellitus. A treatment strategy focusing on aerobic exercise and weight loss can help delay or prevent the development of diabetes and can help reduce cardiovascular risk. For significant risk reduction to be achieved, treatment strategies must focus on therapy for all risk factors, including dyslipidemia, hypertension, and insulin resistance.
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PMID:Implications of the metabolic syndrome: the new epidemic. 1609 35

Insulin resistance plays a major role in dyslipidemia, cardiovascular disease, and type 2 diabetes. TRB3, a mammalian tribbles homolog, whose chromosomal region 20p13-p12 has been linked to human type 2 diabetes, impairs insulin signaling through the inhibition of Akt phosphorylation and is overexpressed in murine models of insulin resistance. We here report that the prevalent TRB3 missense Q84R polymorphism is significantly (P < 0.05) associated with several insulin resistance-related abnormalities in two independent cohorts (n = 178 and n = 605) of nondiabetic individuals and with the presence of a cluster of insulin resistance-related cardiovascular risk factors in 716 type 2 diabetic patients (OR 3.1 [95% CI 1.2-8.2], P = 0.02). In 100 additional type 2 diabetic patients who suffered from myocardial ischemia, age at myocardial ischemia was progressively and significantly (P = 0.03) reduced from Q84Q to Q84R to R84R individuals. To test the functional role of TRB3 variants, either Q84 or R84 TRB3 full-length cDNAs were transfected in human HepG2 hepatoma cell lines. As compared with control HepG2 cells, insulin-induced Ser473-Akt phosphorylation was reduced by 22% in Q84- (P < 0.05 vs. control cells) and by 45% in R84-transfected cells (P < 0.05 vs. Q84 transfected and P < 0.01 vs. control cells). These data provide the first evidence that TRB3 gene plays a role in human insulin resistance and related clinical outcomes.
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PMID:The functional Q84R polymorphism of mammalian Tribbles homolog TRB3 is associated with insulin resistance and related cardiovascular risk in Caucasians from Italy. 1612 73

Essential arterial hypertension often predisposes patients to prothrombotic state and increased risk of vascular and organ complications. Vital role in regulation of hemostatic processes is played by genetic factors, renin-angiotensin system and disorders of lipid metabolism. Prime genetic factors involved in the process are 4G/5G polymorphism of promoter region coding tissue plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) and I/D polymorphism for angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) gene. The aim of work was the evaluation of alterations within fibrinolysis system (estimation of t-PA and PAI-1 levels), fibrinogen concentration (Fb) and ACE activity with regard to co-existent dyslipidemia and features of left ventricle hypertrophy (LVH). Moreover the analysis of influence of 4G/5G PAI and I/D ACE gene polymorphism on intensification of aforementioned alterations among hypertensive patients was performed. Research was carried out in 170 subjects under 40 years old, in two study groups, HT-- hypertensive group--125 patients with previously untreated hypertension without clinical features of ischaemic heart disease and NT--45 normotensive, healthy subjects. HT group has been further divided into four subgroups: DLP (dyslipidemic, n = 51), NLP (normolipidemic n = 74), LVH+ (with features of left ventricle hypertrophy, n = 35), LVH (-) (without features of left ventricle hypertrophy, n = 90). In a whole HT group significantly higher levels of PAI-1, t-PA and Fb were noted in comparison to NT group, considerably more pronounced within DLP rather than NLP subgroups. Moreover, pronounced increase in ACE activity was recorded in DLP and LVH+ subgroups. It has been proved that 4G/4G homozygous subjects of 4G/5G PAI-1 gene polymorphism from HT group tend to present higher levels of PAI-1 and t-PA if contrasted to 4G/4G genotype of NT group, with more distinct effect within DLP subgroup. Carriers of D allele (genotypes I/D, D/D) of I/D ACE gene polymorphism from HT group characterise with significantly higher activity of ACE in contrast to I/I genotype of HT group, with particularly marked effect in DLP and LVH+ subgroups. Basing on above mentioned results it may be concluded that essential hypertension (especially if complicated with dyslipidemia) impairs fibrinolysis, what might be related to renin-angiotensin system activation in lipid metabolism disorders. Deletion alleles of 4G/5G polymorphism (4G allele) and I/D polymorphism (D allele) in patients with hypertension independently modify fibrinolysis towards prothrombotic state with more distinct effect in dyslipidemia. Increased activity of ACE in D allele carriers may predispose to left ventricle hypertrophy.
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PMID:[Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) 4G/5G and angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) I/D gene polymorphisms and fibrinolytic activity in patients with essential hypertension and dyslipidemia]. 1613 May 96


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