Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0242339 (dyslipidemia)
 13,927 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The extent of infarct area (IA) on CT-scan in 104 patients with ischemic stroke (IS) was compared with the presence of atrial fibrillation (AF) and other risk factors (hypertension, dyslipidemia, alcohol abuse). Infarct size was also compared with biological and clinical parameters in acute stage (6-12 h) (blood glucose level, systolic and diastolic arterial pressure, haematocrit, consciousness, clinical picture) and with clinical outcome. Among risk factors, only AF showed a significant correlation with IA extension (p less than .0009). IA correlated also with consciousness (p = .0017), clinical picture (p = .0145) and with clinical outcome (p less than 10(-6). Patients with AF showed a more severe clinical outcome with respect to patients without risk factors. It could be hypothesized that patients with AF have a reduced capacity for increasing or sustaining cerebral blood flow in the acute phase of IS.
 ...
PMID:Atrial fibrillation and infarct area extent in ischemic stroke. A clinical and neuroradiological study in 104 patients. 192 33

Secondary hyperlipoproteinemias are found in connection with other primary organic diseases. Typical examples are those seen with diabetes mellitus, liver and kidney diseases. In addition there are changes induced by hormonal dysfunctions such as hypothyroidism, by the use of oral contraceptives or in postmenopausal women. During pregnancy there is a physiological transient increase in lipoproteins. In addition to primary organic diseases there are a number of exogenous factors such as obesity, malnutrition and alcohol abuse causing hyperlipidemia. The relation between hypertension and hyperlipidemia described as familial dyslipidemic hypertension is less well known. Obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, hyperuricemia and impaired glucose tolerance are the basic conditions of the metabolic syndrome. Familial combined hyperlipidemia is a genetically determined, dyslipidemic syndrome with a high prevalence among patients with coronary artery disease and stroke. As there are some links between familial combined hyperlipidemia and secondary hyperlipoproteinemias, this disease entity is discussed together in this paper. Familial combined hyperlipidemia is metabolically, genetically and by this on a molecular level closely linked to familial dyslipidemic hypertension as well as the metabolic syndrome. The exact mechanism of this disease is currently unknown.
 ...
PMID:[Secondary disorders of lipid metabolism, metabolic syndrome and familial combined hyperlipidemia]. 865 Sep 33

The glitazones offer a promising alternative to patients not currently able to achieve target gylcemic control with current therapy. Glitazones have a synergistic effect when combined with sulfonlyureas and metformin and may have a favorable effect on the dyslipidemia experienced by patients with type 2 diabetes. The main concern with these agents is safety due to the hepatocellular injury experienced by several patients taking troglitazone. Although elevations in serum alanine amino transferase (ALT) concentrations more than three times normal occurred in 1.9% of patients on troglitazone in clinical trials, liver toxicity was not truly associated with this drug until post-marketing use by more than 600,000 people in the US. The onset of elevated ALT is typically delayed. In the clinical trials only one patient experienced an elevation in the first month, the majority occurred between the third and seventh month. The glitazones should be avoided in patients with liver disease or a history of alcohol abuse. The mechanism of action for troglitazone-induced liver disease is unknown; consequently, identifying a particular subset of people as being at an increased risk for developing liver failure is difficult. Therefore, monitoring liver function is of critical importance. The newer agents rosiglitazone and pioglitazone may provide a safer alternative, however this question will remain unanswered until clinicians have access to substantially more post marketing surveillance data. The two recent cases of hepatocellular injury associated with rosiglitazone therapy further supports a cautious approach to utilization of these agents.
 ...
PMID:The thiazolidinediones or "glitazones" a treatment option for type 2 diabetes mellitus. 1082 Oct 14

The femoral head is the main location of avascular osteonecrosis. The lesion remains asymptomatic for several months or years before causing non specific hip pain. Risk factors have been identified, mainly femoral neck fractures, corticosteroid therapy and related conditions (lupus erythematosus, organ transplantations), alcohol abuse, dyslipidemia, sickle cell disease, HIV infection, caisson workers, Gaucher's disease, male sex. When typical radiological signs are lacking, MRI is the best investigation. Progression toward hip joint damage highly depends on the necrotic volume assessed at MRI. The combination of plain radiographs which help staging the severity of osteonecrosis, and MRI which indicates the prognosis of the lesion, determines the therapeutic options: symptomatic pain relief therapies or surgical treatment (core decompression, osteotomy or total hip replacement).
 ...
PMID:[Osteonecrosis of the femoral head]. 1200 11

Stroke, particularly ischemic stroke, has a major impact on public health due to its high incidence, prevalence and rate of subsequent disability in Italy as in most industrialised countries. Apart from age, many modifiable factors, such as hypertension, smoking, diabetes, dyslipidemia, obesity, physical inactivity, alcohol abuse and hyperhomocysteinemia, have been recognised as playing a role in the pathogenesis of this disease. While appropriate pharmacological therapy has proven effective in the prevention of stroke in particular categories of patients, most of the above mentioned predisposing conditions are amenable to be affected by nutrition. Unequivocal demonstration of a protective or adverse role of single foods and nutrients against the risk of stroke has been however difficult to achieve due to confounding by biological variability, methodological inadequacies in the assessment of individual nutritional habits and difficulty to carry out long-term randomised controlled trials in the nutritional area. Notwithstanding, in several cases, causal relationships could be inferred from case-control and cohort studies in the presence of plausible and reproducible associations, evidence of dose-dependent effects and consistency in the results of different studies. The aim of this paper was to review present knowledge and highlight limitations and future perspectives about the role of nutrition in the prevention of ischemic stroke.
 ...
PMID:Nutrition and prevention of ischemic stroke: present knowledge, limitations and future perspectives. 1524 43

Several international studies from Spain, the Netherlands, Poland, Croatia, and Finland indicate contradicting findings regarding cardiovascular dysfunction among seamen, deep sea fishermen, and harbor workers. The purpose of the present survey was to evaluate the prevalence of hypertension in a selected group of Lithuanian seamen. The survey was conducted during a one year period and involved sailors from commercial, passenger, and fishing boats. The survey took into account the sailors' marital status, education, professional rank and duty, and length of stay at sea. It also included demographical data, complete family health history, the sailor's awareness about their health in general, and awareness about their blood pressure in particular. Their dietary habits, changes in body weight, the history of alcohol intake and tobacco usage were also recorded. Analysis of our data indicates that 44.9% of Lithuanian mariners suffer from a clinically significant elevation of blood pressure, as compared to 53% of the general population of Lithuania. Some of the leading risk factors are: a high cholesterol diet and increased body mass index (BMI), smoking, alcohol abuse, family situation and level of education. The high prevalence of the cardiovascular risk factors was to be found related to ischemic heart disease and cerebrovascular illness. This may be influenced by poor eating habits, poor health awareness and other social and environmental factors which are common to seamen. Increased blood pressure is a widespread condition that affects a large portion of the population in developed countries. It is an important risk factor for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease, as well as a significant preventable cause of mortality. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), hypertension is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease, which accounts for an estimated 17 million deaths each year. With hypertension, the risk of stroke increases 2.6-3.8 times, the risk of ischemic heart disease (IHD)--2.0-2.2 times, and that of congestive heart failure (CHF)--3.0-4.0 times. Hypertension is often accompanied by other cardiovascular risk factors such as dyslipidemia, smoking, diabetes and increased body mass index (BMI). When hypertension is present in conjunction with other risk factors, the risk of mortality associated with IHD can increase tenfold. On the other hand, risk factors such as an increased BMI, smoking, alcohol abuse, lack of exercise and a diet high in salt and fatty foods can themselves play an instrumental role in the etiology of hypertension. Several studies have been performed on the prevalence of hypertension among the general population in Lithuania, which is higher than that of most other European countries. Reviews performed by the programs CINDI (Countrywide Integrated Noncommunicable Disease Intervention) and MONICA (MONItoring CArdiovascular Disease) determined that about half of all studied persons of middle age in Lithuania were hypertensive. Our work is the first study seeking to examine the prevalence of hypertension among Lithuanian seamen, as well as its association with various risk factors and dependence on demographic indices.
 ...
PMID:Prevalence of hypertension in Lithuanian mariners. 1563 17

Stroke is major public health problem leading to increased morbidity and mortality. Modifiable risk factors for stroke include hypertension, diabetes, atrial fibrillation, dyslipidemia, smoking, and alcohol abuse. Among these risk factors, diabetes and hypertension are rapidly growing epidemics leading to a substantial increase in cardiovascular disease and stroke. In this review, the authors discuss the risk factors for stroke with emphasis on the diabetic and hypertensive population, highlighting the interventions that have been shown to decrease stroke risk in this patient population.
 ...
PMID:Stroke in patients with diabetes and hypertension. 1588 31

Hepatic steatosis is an emerging cause of morbidity in antiretroviral therapy (ART)-experienced HIV patients. The influence of steatosis on fibrosis is poorly understood. We report two cases of rapid evolution of disseminated macrovacuolar steatofibrosis to cirrhosis. Both patients had no history of alcohol abuse, nor intravenous drug use and were tested negative for HCV (PCR RNA) and had no HBS antigen. Patient 1 had a past history of hypertrygliceridemia, but controlled with dietetic measures for 4 years prior to biopsy. The first hepatic biopsy showed a disseminated macrovacuolar steatosis (>80%). The patient had then cytolysis and an uncontrolled HIV viral load. The second biopsy was performed two years later, and HIV was controlled by a new line of ART. It showed a regression of the steatosis (10%) and a progression of the fibrosis with signs of cirrhosis. Patient 2 had a long history of HIV infection. He also had an uncontrolled dyslipidemia. The first biopsy was realised during a period of uncontrolled HIV infection and elevated liver enzymes. The biopsy showed a major macrovacuolar steatosis (>80%). The second biopsy was realised 6 years after and showed the same steatosis and signs of cirrhosis. The HIV infection was then under control. Observations reported here show a rapid evolution of liver steatosis to cirrhosis in HIV positive / HCV negative patients, despite the control of HIV infection. The implication of HAART remains unclear. In the era of HAART, liver steatosis can rapidly evoluate to cirrhosis without any risk factor except ART.
 ...
PMID:[Hepatic steatosis: an emerging cause of cirrhosis in HIV patients]. 1702 88

The leading cause of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in patients with coronary heart disease is plaque rupture. Between 6% and 12% of AMI patients have angiographically normal coronary arteries. However, new procedures have demonstrated the limits of coronarography and challenged the existence of this situation. Angiograms may fail to detect minimal lesions whereas, in many cases, intravascular sonography reveals small atherosclerotic plaques. With the development of intravascular sonography and multislice computed tomography, the prevalence of myocardial infarction with normal coronary arteries has fallen to about 1%. Myocardial infarction with normal coronary arteries may be due to coronary vasospasm, hypercoagulable states, intense sympathetic stimulation, non atherosclerotic coronary disease, alcohol or cocaine abuse, and systemic diseases. In a series of 1205 AMI patients, we found no significant coronary disease in 45 patients, but intravascular sonography showed minimal intracoronary plaque in 21 of these cases. The 24 patients without significant lesions were young, had no risk factors for AMI without a prodrome, low peak creatine release, a small reduction in the left ventricular ejection fraction after thrombolysis or angioplasty, and good outcome at 26 months. The mechanisms of AMI in these 24 patients were coronary spasm, myocardial bridge, a prothrombotic state, contraceptive pill usage, and drug or alcohol abuse. The diferential diagnoses of these cases of AMI are acute myocarditis and stress cardiomyopathy, and apical left ventricular ballooning. Initial management is the same as for "conventional" AMI, including pain relief nitrates, antiplatelet agents, heparin, thrombolysis or angioplasty in the acute phase, and ACE inhibitors. Patients with spasm should receive calcium antagonists rather than beta-blockers. The prognosis of these patients is better than that of patients with atherosclerotic lesions. They nonetheless need close follow-up and strict secondary prevention measures, including smoking cessation and prevention of dyslipidemia and diabetes.
 ...
PMID:[Myocardial infarction with "angiographycally normal coronary arteries" myth or reality?]. 1822 36

Carotid atherosclerosis is a leading cause of cerebrovascular events. The control of cardiovascular risk factors, i.e. tobacco smoking, alcohol abuse, hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes and obesity proved to reduce number of fatal and non-fatal strokes but failed to prevent important number of them. Screening for biomarkers in individuals at high risk of symptomatic vascular disease helped to identify some of them. However, as disease is by its nature multifocal, global testing for biomarkers may have limited practical application. New imaging techniques, including direct visualization of artery metabolism, by 18-FDG-PET, has brought new tools to study local atherosclerosis progression and individual plaque metabolic activity. Advances in molecular biology helped to identify inflammatory genes and its strong link to angiogenesis. The later, is thought to play a key role in the transformation to unstable plaque. Studies of the complex role that plays angiogenesis in plaque development will help in future to design effective therapies addressed at the individual cell level. The purpose of the review is to bring new insights into complicated pathophysiology of carotid atherosclerosis.
 ...
PMID:Angiogenesis and inflammation in carotid atherosclerosis. 1850 73


1 2 3 Next >>