Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0242339 (dyslipidemia)
 13,927 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Atherosclerosis is the root cause of the biggest killer of the 21st century. Mechanisms contributing to atherogenesis are multiple and complex. A number of theories-including the role of dyslipidemia, hypercoagulability, oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction, and inflammation and infection by certain pathogens-have been propounded from time to time explain this complex phenomenon. Recently it has been suggested that atherosclerosis is a multifactorial, multistep disease that involves chronic inflammation at every step, from initiation to progression, and that all the risk factors contribute to pathogenesis by aggravating the underlying inflammatory process. A better understanding of the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis will aid in devising pharmaceutical and lifestyle modifications for reducing mortality resulting from coronary artery disease (CAD).A comprehensive literature search was conducted using the Web sites of the National Library of Medicine (http:// www.ncbl.nlm.nih.gov/) and PubMed Central, the US National Library of Medicine's digital archive of life sciences literature (http:// www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/). The data were accessed from books and journals in which relevant articles in this field were published. The whole spectrum of coronary artery disease evolves through various events that lead to the formation and progression of atherosclerotic plaque and finally its complications. Atherosclerosis is the culprit behind coronary artery disease, cerebral vascular disease, and peripheral vascular disease. The pathogenic mechanisms are varied and complex. Of late, the role of lipoprotein (a), homocysteine, and inflammation and infection as prime culprits in pathogenesis of CAD is the subject of intense research and debate. The appreciation of the role of inflammation in atherosclerosis provides a mechanistic framework to understand the clinical benefits of newer therapeutic strategies, and a better understanding of pathogenesis aids in formulating preventive and therapeutic strategies in reducing mortality resulting from CAD.An in-depth knowledge of the various pathogenic mechanisms involved in atherosclerosis can help in substantiating the current existing knowledge about the CAD epidemic. This knowledge will help clinicians to better manage the disease, which affects Indians in its most severe form.
 ...
PMID:Atherosclerosis pathophysiology and the role of novel risk factors: a clinicobiochemical perspective. 1802 33

Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) take part in the pathogenesis of vascular, diabetic, and uremic complications. Their precursors are detoxified by the glyoxalase system. Our aim was to study A419C (E111A) single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of the glyoxalase I gene in hemodialysis (HD) patients. A419C SNP, several laboratory parameters including soluble receptor for AGEs (sRAGE), and clinical data were studied in 214 HD patients and 89 controls. Allelic and genotypic frequencies did not differ between HD patients and controls. A419C SNP was significantly linked with serum sRAGE, which sensitively reflects the AGE burden of the organism (3986 +/- 1638 pg/mL in the CC variant versus 3277 +/- 1398 pg/mL in the AC variant and 3297 +/- 1445 pg/mL in the AA variant, P < 0.01). In the CC variant, significantly higher prevalence of cardiovascular disease and peripheral vascular disease was found, while the prevalence of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and dyslipidemia did not differ between genotypes. In summary, in this study we demonstrate for the first time the association of A419C polymorphism of the glyoxalase I gene with sRAGE levels and show the genetic predisposition to vascular complications in HD patients.
 ...
PMID:A419C (E111A) polymorphism of the glyoxalase I gene and vascular complications in chronic hemodialysis patients. 1807 78

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are a major cause of death in developed countries as well as in developing countries. In general, the clinical manifestations of CVD, such as myocardial infarction, stroke and peripheral vascular disease, are caused by an atherosclerotic process with onset as from the middle age. However, current studies indicate that the atherosclerotic process starts to develop in childhood. The pathogenesis of atherosclerosis has been studied as to its inflammatory aspect. Among the inflammatory markers, C-reactive protein (CRP) has been extensively studied in individuals with CVD, including those apparently healthy. High CRP levels have been related to risk factors for atherosclerosis: family history of coronary artery disease (CAD), dyslipidemia, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, obesity, smoking and sedentary lifestyle. A great part of these risk factors may be influenced by lifestyle modifications, such as changes in eating habits and engagement in physical activities. The effects of physical activity on CRP levels in adulthood are documented in the literature, however little is known on the influence of an active or sedentary lifestyle of children and adolescents on CRP levels. Thus, the objective of this study is to review the impact of physical activity of children and adolescents on CRP levels and the risk factors for the development of CVD.
 ...
PMID:Risk factors for the development of atherosclerosis in childhood and adolescence. 1851 90

Metabolic syndrome (MS), which is composed of such factors as hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance, glucose intolerance, abdominal obesity, arterial hypertension, and dyslipidemia, contributes to accelerated development of atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease, and type 2 diabetes. It has thus become one of the major public-health challenges worldwide. The primary goal of its clinical management is to reduce the risk for cardiovascular diseases related to atherosclerosis, especially myocardial infarction, stroke, and peripheral vascular disease, and to lower the risk for type 2 diabetes. The fi rst stage in its successful preventive management is identification of the population at high risk of developing metabolic syndrome. The therapeutic approach to metabolic syndrome consists fi rst of all of lifestyle modification, i.e. the introduction of a low calorie diet, weight reduction, and regular physical activity. For people at high risk for cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes as well as those with coronary artery disease and/or type 2 diabetes, pharmacological therapy should be considered. Pharmacological management must address the multipathological process of metabolic syndrome, with each component identified and properly treated. Current therapies for metabolic syndrome treat fi rst of all obesity, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and hypertension. The pharmacological agents most often suggested are those which increase insulin resistance (metformin and thiazolidinediones). Among the medications used in metabolic syndrome therapy are also fibrates and statins for atherogenic dyslipidemia and those lowering blood pressure, such as angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers. This review presents the most important aspects of the prevention and treatment of patients with metabolic syndrome, including new therapeutic strategies.
 ...
PMID:[Metabolic syndrome. Part III: its prevention and therapeutic management]. 1893 31

The management of diseases arising from a single cause is straightforward. However, with regard to the clinical manifestations of atherosclerotic disease (coronary heart disease, stroke, peripheral vascular disease, and aneurysms) the situation is more complex, since atherosclerosis represents the product of multiple interacting risk factors. The modern approach to managing cardiovascular risks is to reduce an individual's total or global risk, rather than grading risk by individual risk factors alone. Recent guidelines stress the need for total risk estimation and recommend the use of risk charts like Framingham or SCORE before treating risk factors like dyslipidemia. One should keep in mind that treatment should be directed to those at greatest risk and management decisions based on a single risk factor may be misleading. For instance, a male smoker with a cholesterol level of 200 mg/dl and systolic blood pressure of 160 mmHg can be at four times higher risk than a female non-smoker with a cholesterol level of 300 mg/dl and systolic blood pressure of 120 mmHg, indicating a higher global risk and priority for the treatment of dyslipidemia. If risk assessment is based on the cholesterol alone, then this woman would have a higher priority than the man due to the higher cholesterol level. In this review, global risk management strategies will be discussed in detail.
 ...
PMID:[Global risk and objectives in cardiovascular diseases]. 1940 44

The purpose of this study is to explore the relationship between coronary artery disease (CAD), transplantation status and subsequent mortality in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients undergoing evaluation for renal transplantation. Two hundred fifty-three ESRD patients at high risk for CAD underwent coronary angiography as part of a renal transplant evaluation. The cohort was divided into three groups: Group 1 (n = 127) had no vessels with >or=50% stenosis, Group 2 (n = 56) had one vessel with >or=50% stenosis and Group 3 (n = 70) had two or more vessels with >or=50% stenosis. Long-term survival was determined; median follow-up was 3.3 years. The baseline characteristics were similar except for older age and higher proportion of diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia and peripheral vascular disease in Groups 2 and 3 patients as compared to Group 1. Survival was worse in Group 3 compared to Group 1 (p < 0.0001). Each of the three subgroups had better survival with renal transplantation than those who did not undergo transplantation (p < 0.0001). Although the degree of CAD is related to subsequent mortality, transplantation is associated with better survival regardless of the extent and severity of CAD. Thus, the presence of CAD should not exclude ESRD patients from consideration for this therapy.
 ...
PMID:Extent and severity of coronary disease and mortality in patients with end-stage renal failure evaluated for renal transplantation. 1988 21

Dyslipidemia is a primary risk factor for cardiovascular disease, peripheral vascular disease, and stroke. Current guidelines recommend diet as first-line therapy for patients with elevated plasma cholesterol concentrations. However, what constitutes an optimal dietary regimen remains a matter of controversy. Large prospective trials have demonstrated that populations following plant-based diets, particularly vegetarian and vegan diets, are at lower risk for ischemic heart disease mortality. The investigators therefore reviewed the published scientific research to determine the effectiveness of plant-based diets in modifying plasma lipid concentrations. Twenty-seven randomized controlled and observational trials were included. Of the 4 types of plant-based diets considered, interventions testing a combination diet (a vegetarian or vegan diet combined with nuts, soy, and/or fiber) demonstrated the greatest effects (up to 35% plasma low-density lipoprotein cholesterol reduction), followed by vegan and ovolactovegetarian diets. Interventions allowing small amounts of lean meat demonstrated less dramatic reductions in total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein levels. In conclusion, plant-based dietary interventions are effective in lowering plasma cholesterol concentrations.
 ...
PMID:Effects of plant-based diets on plasma lipids. 2021 44

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a leading cause of death in people with spinal cord injury (SCI), yet little is known about the prevalence of the disorder and how risk factors for CVD, such as dyslipidemia, diabetes, and obesity, differ compared with the able-bodied population. Additionally, limb loss, an underappreciated topic in the setting of SCI, is a frequent complication of SCI, and may be related to CVD, either directly, as undiagnosed peripheral vascular disease, or indirectly, as a consequence of diabetes or obesity. This article briefly reviews the topics of dyslipidemia, diabetes, and obesity in SCI and discusses the management of limb loss for individuals with SCI.
 ...
PMID:Cardiovascular disease in persons with spinal cord dysfunction-an update on select topics. 1978 9

Although the clinical manifestations of cardiovascular disease (CVD), such as myocardial infarction, stroke, and peripheral vascular disease, appear from middle age, the process of atherosclerosis can begin early in childhood. The early stage and progression of atherosclerosis in youth are influenced by risk factors that include obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and smoking, and by the presence of specific diseases, such as diabetes mellitus and Kawasaki disease (KD). The existing evidence indicates that primary prevention of atherosclerotic disease should begin in childhood. Identification of children at risk for atherosclerosis may allow early intervention to decrease the atherosclerotic process, thereby preventing or delaying CVD. This review will describe the origin and progression of atherosclerosis in childhood, and the identification and management of known risk factors for atherosclerotic CVD in children and young adults.
 ...
PMID:Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease beginning in childhood. 2011 46

'Age' is a major risk factor in cardiac surgery, however, the precise risks accompanying 'age' have not been fully analyzed. This study aimed to clarify the age-specific risks affecting the short-term outcome after isolated coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Data of 13488 procedures were obtained from the Japan Adult Cardiovascular Surgery Database, and the patients were divided into three groups; under 65 years of age ('Young', n=4420), 65-75 ('Middle', n=5485), and over 75 years of age ('Old', n=3583). As a preoperative profile, 'Old' tended to have extracardiac arteriopathy, left main stenosis, and emergency operation, whereas, 'Young' had more coronary risk factors (smoking, diabetes, dyslipidemia) and low left ventricular (LV) function. The 30-day operative mortality rate increased significantly with age ('Young': 1.7%, 'Middle': 2.3%, 'Old': 4.3%, P<0.0001). Renal dysfunction, arrhythmia, preoperative inotropes, and emergency surgery were the predictors for mortality common to all groups. Besides these, 'Young' only had cardiac factors as additional risks, whereas various factors including cardiac parameters, redo sternotomy, peripheral vascular disease, and chronic lung disease were the additional risks in the elderly. Thus, the elderly population was vulnerable to any kind of factors, and preoperative systemic evaluation was crucial in the elderly to help define the appropriate surgical candidates.
 ...
PMID:Age-specific risk stratification in 13488 isolated coronary artery bypass grafting procedures. 2142 81


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Next >>