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Query: UMLS:C0242339 (dyslipidemia)
 13,927 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Obesity is strongly associated with cardiac risk factors including elevated blood pressure, glucose intolerance, and dyslipidemia. Clinical trials have indicated that weight loss significantly improves these risk profiles. Epidemiologic studies consistently have shown that obesity is a strong risk factor for coronary heart disease in both men and women. In addition, abdominal adiposity may confer added risk for coronary heart disease. Although obesity is a modifiable and preventable cardiac risk factor, management of this disorder remains both challenging and vexing to clinicians. To prevent cardiovascular disease we must find ways to decrease the rising prevalence of obesity and to help overweight individuals achieve and sustain weight loss.
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PMID:Obesity and cardiovascular disease. 888 75

An epidemiological study was conducted to investigate the distribution of serum insulin and the relation of environmental factors to serum insulin concentrations in an urban population. In 1992 and 1993, 75 g oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT) were performed and serum insulin concentrations determined for 2,147 subjects aged 30 to 79, randomly selected from residents of S-city in Osaka Prefecture. The subjects had received a health examination for cardiovascular disease at the National Cardiovascular Center. Median values of area under the insulin curve (AUIC), which is an index of insulin resistance, were similar for men and women, but were higher for older than younger women. Sex and age specific estimated upper limits of AUIC were set at the 95 percentile level of AUIC for the subjects without a history of stroke or myocardial infarction, and who did not have diabetes mellitus, obesity, hypertension, or dyslipidemia. Prevalence of hyperinsulinemia in the subjects was about 10 to 16%. The sex and age specific proportion of obesity, hypertriglyceridemia, hypo-HDL-cholesterolemia, and hypertension was higher for hyperinsulinemic than normoinsulinemic subjects. Relation of AUIC to obesity, dietary intake, physical activity, alcohol consumption, cigarette smoking, and antihypertensive drug use was examined in 2,039 subjects who were diagnosed as non-diabetic by OGTT. Of the environmental factors analysed, body mass index alone correlated independently with AUIC for all sex and age specific classes. For men aged 30 to 59 the waist/hip ratio correlated independently and positively with AUIC. This indicates that control of obesity, especially of upper-body obesity or visceral type obesity, should be considered important for improvement of insulin resistance.
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PMID:[Serum insulin distribution and the relationship between environmental factors and serum insulin levels in a Japanese urban population]. 891 97

Current dietary recommendation for cardiovascular disease risk reduction and recommended dietary allowances (RDAs) were used to develop a nutritionally complete prepackaged prepared meal plan specifically designed to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease. In the current study we tested patient acceptance of the diet as defined by measures of quality of life. In a randomized, parallel-design, multicenter clinical trial, 77 persons with hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, or a combination of two or more of these conditions were recruited and randomly assigned to either a prepared meal plan (n = 39) or a comparable self-selected diet (n = 38) for 10 wk. The prepared meal plan met both the RDAs for all essential micronutrients and the dietary recommendations of national health organizations for macronutrients, cholesterol, sodium, and fiber. The prescribed self-selected diet was matched for macronutrients. Quality of life, as measured by a battery of instruments, was the major endpoint. Individuals consuming the prepared meal plan had significant improvements in mental health (P < 0.01), general perceived health (P < 0.005), daily activities (P < 0.05), work performance (P < 0.005), affect (P < 0.01), and nutritional health perceptions (P < 0.001), and reductions in nutrition hassles based on a standardized questionnaire (P < 0.001). The self-selected-diet group had significant improvements in nutritional health perceptions (P < 0.001) and affect (P < 0.001). There were significant improvements in weight (P < 0.001), blood pressure (P < 0.001), cholesterol (P < 0.002), low-density lipoproteins (P < 0.001), glucose (P < 0.014), and glycated hemoglobin (Hb A(1c) (P < 0.004) that were comparable in both groups. In summary, this study shows that a nutritionally complete diet, whether prepackaged or self-selected, improves multiple risk factors for cardiovascular disease. The prepackaged prepared meal plan had the added benefit of a greater improvement in quality of life.
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PMID:Improved quality of life in patients with generalized cardiovascular metabolic disease on a prepared diet. 894 20

Hyperuricemia is often associated with obesity, hypertension and dyslipidemia, and is thought to be a risk factor for cardiovascular disease, thereby making resemblance to the insulin resistance syndrome. Our data showed a low, but significant correlation between serum uric acid concentration and the degree of insulin resistance (GIR) estimated by euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp method in 67 subjects with combined normal glucose tolerance and IGT(r = -0.278, p < 0.05). Plasma HDL-C and TG levels were also correlated with uric acid levels. One hundred sixty NIDDM patients who had undergone the clamp study were stratified into 5 groups according to the serum uric acid level. In the top quintile (UA : 7.8 +/- 0.8 mg/dl), BMI, male prevalence, plasma TG, HDL-C, fasting IRI, and total IRI response(0 + 60 + 120 min) during meal tolerance test were significantly higher, while age and GIR value tended to be lower without significance compared with those in the bottom quintile (UA : 3.4 +/- 0.5 mg/dl). These results, which are in agreement with the previous studies, support the notion that elevated serum uric acid is a feature of insulin resistance syndrome.
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PMID:[Hyperuricemia and insulin resistance]. 897 8

The spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) is the most widely used animal model of human essential hypertension. In the SHR strain, as in humans, the high blood pressure is determined multifactorially. Analysis of genetically segregating populations, derived from SHR and normotensive inbred strains, enabled localization of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) responsible for blood pressure regulation on several rat chromosomes. Analysis of specialized strains, congenic and recombinant inbred (RI) strains, helped to analyze some of these mapping results in detail: (1) analysis of congenic strains provided definitive evidence for the presence of blood pressure regulatory genes on chromosomes 8 and 13 and will enable mapping of responsible genes to limited segments of differential chromosomes, (2) the RI strains were shown to be especially useful for genome scanning studies of complex traits and for correlation analysis of blood pressure and other risk factors of cardiovascular disease such as cardiac hypertrophy, dyslipidemia, and insulin resistance.
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PMID:Recombinant inbred and congenic strains for mapping of genes that are responsible for spontaneous hypertension and other risk factors of cardiovascular disease. 899 35

Obesity leads to and exacerbates many serious disorders, including hypertension, dyslipidemia, cardiovascular disease, non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, gallbladder disease, respiratory dysfunction, gout, and osteoarthritis. Many short-term studies have shown that weight loss can ameliorate or, in some cases, reverse such disorders. Fewer long-term studies-defined as those whose combined acute intervention and follow-up phases extend for at least 1 year-of the therapeutic benefits of weight loss on specific disorders have been undertaken. Those long-term studies that have been performed tend to confirm the results of briefer studies. Even when weight loss has been comparatively modest or some degree of weight regain has occurred, weight loss is generally associated with a decrease in risk factors and the alleviation of clinical symptoms.
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PMID:A review of long-term studies evaluating the efficacy of weight loss in ameliorating disorders associated with obesity. 900 21

Possible associations between increased visceral fat component and serum lipid concentrations, glucose tolerance and insulinaemia (specific radioimmunoassay) were studied as risk factors for cardiovascular disease in 50 adult obese women without known diabetes and 11 lean normal women. Visceral abdominal fat areas were evaluated by computed tomography and "true" insulin concentrations. Diabetes was observed in 6 obese women (12%) and impaired glucose tolerance in 13 (26%). In obese women, visceral fat area correlated significantly with VLDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure, whereas subcutaneous area correlated negatively with cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol. Insulinaemia was not increased in visceral obesity nor correlated with other risk factors. An association between increased visceral fat accumulation, dyslipidaemia and increased diastolic blood pressure was observed, but no significant correlations were noted between fasting "true" insulin or insulin response on an oral glucose tolerance test and intra-abdominal fat areas or dyslipidemia. The gender of the patients could have been an important factor in these last observations.
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PMID:Risk factors in obese women, with particular reference to visceral fat component. 905 69

Non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) is associated with approximately two fold increase in coronary heart disease (CHD) in men and fourfold increase in CHD in women. In most studies, the duration of diabetes and severity of glycemia are only weakly related to CHD in NIDDM, suggesting that the prediabetic period may be important for the increased CHD in NIDDM subjects. Both hyperinsulinemia and/or insulin resistance predict the development of NIDDM. A number of studies have shown that increased cardiovascular risk factors (especially high triglyceride, blood pressure, and small dense low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and low high-density liproprotein (HDL) cholesterol) precede the onset of NIDDM. Recent data from the San Antonio Heart Study suggest that the atherogenic pattern of cardiovascular risk factors is more marked in prediabetic women than in prediabetic men, thus partially explaining the higher risk of CHD in prediabetic women than in prediabetic men. The atherogenic changes in cardiovascular risk factors appear to be mainly due to increased hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance in nondiabetic subjects. Interventions to reduce cardiovascular disease in NIDDM subjects should emphasize the primary prevention of NIDDM and very aggressive treatment of traditional cardiovascular risk factors in prediabetic subjects. Treatment of hypertension and dyslipidemia in high-risk patients for NIDDM should avoid agents that further worsen insulin resistance (nicotinic acid, beta blockers, and thiazides), as subjects with hypertension and dyslipidemia are already at increased risk of NIDDM.
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PMID:The prediabetic problem: development of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and related abnormalities. 910 90

High triglyceride (TG) and low HDL cholesterol (HDL-C) is the characteristic dyslipidemia seen in insulin-resistant subjects. We examined the role of this dyslipidemia as a risk factor of ischemic heart disease (IHD) compared with that of high LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) in the Copenhagen Male Study. In total 2910 white men, aged 53 to 74 years, free of cardiovascular disease at baseline, were subdivided into four groups on the basis of fasting concentrations of serum TG, HDL-C, and LDL-C. "High TG-low HDL-C" was defined as belonging to both the highest third of TG and the lowest third of HDL-C; this group encompassed one fifth of the population. "High LDL-C" was defined as belonging to the highest fifth of LDL-C. A control group was defined as not belonging to either of these two groups. "Combined dyslipidemia" was defined as belonging to both dyslipidemic groups. Age-adjusted incidence of IHD during 8 years of follow-up was 11.4% in high TG-low HDL-C, 8.2% in high LDL-C, 6.6% in the control group, and 17.5% in combined dyslipidemia. Compared with the control group, relative risks of IHD (95% confidence interval), adjusted for potentially confounding factors or covariates (age, body mass index, alcohol consumption, physical activity, non-insulin-dependent diabetes, hypertension, smoking, and social class), were 1.5 (1.0-2.1), P < .05; 1.3 (0.9-2.0), P = .16; and 2.4 (1.5-4.0), P < .01, in the three dyslipidemic groups, respectively. In conclusion, the present results showed that high TG-low HDL-C, the characteristic dyslipidemia seen in insulin-resistant subjects, was at least as powerful a predictor of IHD as isolated high LDL-C. The results suggest that efforts to prevent IHD should include intervention against high TG-low HDL-C, and not just against hypercholesterolemia.
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PMID:Relation of high TG-low HDL cholesterol and LDL cholesterol to the incidence of ischemic heart disease. An 8-year follow-up in the Copenhagen Male Study. 919 62

The aim of this study was to study the effect of overweight and obesity on glucose intolerance and dyslipidemia in Saudi Arabia. A cross-sectional national epidemiological randomized household survey of 2059 Saudi subjects, aged 30-64 years was carried out. The sample was representative and was in accordance with the national population distribution with respect to age, gender, regional and residency, urban versus rural population distribution. The subjects height and weight for the calculation of body mass index (BMI) was measured. Blood samples were drawn and assayed for glucose, total cholesterol, triglyceride and high density lipoprotein (HDL). Low density lipoprotein (LDL) was calculated. The oral glucose tolerance test was carried out for subjects with borderline random glucose concentration and the overall prevalence of diabetes mellitus was calculated. A high prevalence of obesity among the Saudi population was observed and mean serum glucose concentration was significantly higher among overweight and obese groups. The prevalence of diabetes mellitus was significantly higher among obese groups. The mean serum triglyceride concentration was only significantly higher among male obese groups. There was no significant difference in the mean of serum total cholesterol concentration between control and obese groups. Mean serum HDL concentration was lower among the obese group, however, the difference was not significant. There was no significant difference in the prevalence of hypercholesterolemia between control and obese groups. Prevalence of hypertriglyceridemia was higher among obese groups and was significantly higher among male subjects across all BMI groups. Prevalence of hypo HDL cholesterolemia exceeded 50% of the study population. Obesity, glucose intolerance, hypertriglyceridemia, hypo HDL cholesterolemia and features of insulin resistance syndrome (IRS) are widely prevalent among the Saudi population over the age of 40 years. IRS is probable a significant contributor to the pathologic process of cardiovascular (CVD) disease among the Saudi population, especially in view of the low prevalence of hypercholesterolemia.
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PMID:Effect of overweight and obesity on glucose intolerance and dyslipidemia in Saudi Arabia, epidemiological study. 923 85


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