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Query: UMLS:C0242339 (dyslipidemia)
 13,927 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The nephrotic syndrome is associated with an increased risk ofatherosclerosis and endothelial dysfunction. Endothelial dysfunction was assessed and correlated with dyslipidemia and markers of inflammation in patients with nephrotic syndrome. 20 patients were divided into two groups: group A (10 patients with primary nephrotic syndrome) and group B, 10 controls. The endothelial function was assessed by means of flow mediated dilation on brachial artery, using B-mode ultrasonography. The values of flow mediated dilation were 4 +/- 1.49% (group A) and 11.95 +/- 0.24% (group B), p<0.01. There was a very strong inverse correlation between flow mediated dilation and LDL-cholesterol (r=-0.9650, p<0.001), total cholesterol (r=-0.9399, p<0.001), and fibrinogen (r=-0.7127, p<0.001), and a weak correlation with triglycerides (r=-0.2880. p<0.01), and positive correlation with respective HDL-cholesterol (r=0.4020, p<0.001). The most important factors involved in the endothelial dysfunction in the nephrotic syndrome are LDL-cholesterol, total cholesterol and fibrinogen and their treatment is necessary to prevent atherosclerosis in patients with nephrotic syndrome.
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PMID:Endothelial dysfunction in the nephrotic syndrome. 1892 61

It is a well-established finding that cardiovascular morbidity varies among groups of different socioeconomic status. Inflammatory processes have been proposed as a possible mediator of this variance. Level of education is an important indicator of socioeconomic status, inversely related to levels of inflammatory biomarkers. Whether this association was significant in a subpopulation of highly educated individuals was questioned. This cross-sectional study enrolled attendees of an executive health screening program intended specifically for executive and high-wage personnel from September 2002 to November 2007. A detailed questionnaire, anthropometric measurements, and laboratory data were used to determine self-reported years of education and cardiovascular risk factors. Linear regression models included high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, fibrinogen, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and white blood cell count as dependent variables and were adjusted for multiple potential confounders. Data for 8,998 subjects (5,757 men, 3,241 women) with a mean age of 44 years (range 18 to 84) were analyzed. More than two-thirds reported >or=14 years of schooling, and >2,900 reported >or=17 years of schooling. We found a statistically significant inverse association between number of school years and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, fibrinogen, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate. Higher levels of education were associated with lower prevalences of diabetes and current smoking in both genders and lower prevalences of hypertension and dyslipidemia in women. In conclusion, level of education was inversely associated with inflammatory biomarkers and prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors, even within highly educated populations.
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PMID:Relation of educational level to inflammation-sensitive biomarker level. 1912 57

Cardiovascular diseases in women still rises and remains their leading cause of death in most developed countries; yet we have less sex-specific data in women than in men as a result of lower enrollment in clinical trials and low rates of sex-specific reporting. The aim of our study was to evaluate in hypertensive postmenopausal women the potential predictive role of markers of inflammation, for example, fibrinogen and C-reactive protein (CRP), on subclinical and clinical atherosclerosis, beyond that of the other established cardiovascular risk factors. We studied 127 asymptomatic hypertensive postmenopausal women with different degrees of carotid intima-media thickness, as examined by the eco-color-doppler ultrasonography, evaluating in a 5 years follow-up cerebrovascular and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. We preliminarily found that both fibrinogen and CRP levels were associated with the extension of carotid atherosclerosis (P<0.0001 and P=0.0445, respectively). We also found that among all established traditional cardiovascular risk factors (including obesity, diabetes, smoking habit, family history of coronary artery disease, dyslipidemia) only older age (P=0.0162), elevated fibrinogen (P=0.0298), and CRP (P=0.0345) were independent predictors of subclinical atherosclerosis. At the end of follow-up patients clinical events were registered in the 24% of patients and multivariate analysis revealed the following predictors of events: elevated CRP levels [odds ratio (OR): 12.6], the presence of family history of coronary artery disease(OR: 8.8) and older age (OR: 1.1). Beyond the utility of CRP and fibrinogen levels in the prediction of subclinical and clinical atherosclerosis, the therapeutic implications of these results remain to be evaluated by further studies.
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PMID:Markers of inflammation are strong predictors of subclinical and clinical atherosclerosis in women with hypertension. 1906 Jun 27

Atherosclerosis is a systematic disease presenting with a significant overlapping of cardiovascular disorders implicating coronary heart disease and its equivalents, peripheral arterial disease, carotid arterial disease, and aneurysm disease. Evaluating patient's atherosclerotic risk profile is essential to guide primary and secondary prevention. Atherosclerotic risk factor modifications reduce, significantly, cardiovascular disease mortality and morbidity, particularly in high-risk patients. This article provides a reference guide for all conventional (eg, smoking, dyslipidemia, hypertension) and evolving (eg, homocysteine, C-reactive protein, fibrinogen, inflammatory markers) risk factors of atherosclerosis and recommends the currently effective strategies for an overall cardiovascular risk reduction. As vascular surgeons, by definition, conduct the overall management of patients with vascular disease understanding of the development, assessment, and management of atherosclerotic risk factors should remain among their highest priorities.
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PMID:What a vascular surgeon should know and do about atherosclerotic risk factors. 1970 Jan 7

We evaluate the effect of a standardized dietary supplementation with omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) on the level of some markers of vascular remodeling in patients with combined dyslipidemia. Three hundred and thirty-three patients received placebo or n-3 PUFAs for 6 months. We evaluated body mass index, glycemic profile, blood pressure, lipid profile, lipoprotein(a), plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, homocysteine, fibrinogen, high-sensitivity C reactive protein, ADP, MMP-2 and MMP-9, and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase-1 and -2. A significant increase of high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, and a significant decrease of triglycerides were present after 3 and 6 months with n-3 PUFAs intake. A significant plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, fibrinogen and high-sensitivity C reactive protein decrease was obtained after 3 and 6 months and a significant ADP increase was observed after 3 and 6 months of n-3 PUFAs. A significant MMP-2, MMP-9, tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase-1 and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase-2 decrease was obtained after 6 months compared to the baseline value with n-3 PUFAs intake. n-3 PUFAs give a better lipid profile and a better improvement of coagulation, fibrinolytic and inflammatory parameters than placebo. Furthermore, lowers levels of MMP-2, MMP-9 and their tissue inhibitors are obtained with n-3 PUFAs compared to placebo.
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PMID:Effects of long chain omega-3 fatty acids on metalloproteinases and their inhibitors in combined dyslipidemia patients. 2977 Nov 71

OBJECTIVE To compare the effect of short-term metformin and fenofibrate treatment, administered alone or in sequence, on glucose and lipid metabolism, cardiovascular risk factors, and monocyte cytokine release in type 2 diabetic patients with mixed dyslipidemia. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We studied 128 type 2 diabetic patients with mixed dyslipidemia complying throughout the study with lifestyle intervention who were randomized twice, initially to either metformin or placebo, and then to micronized fenofibrate or placebo. RESULTS Fenofibrate alleviated diabetic dyslipidemia-induced changes in plasma high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, fibrinogen, and plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI)-1 and in monocyte cytokine release, whereas metformin or lifestyle intervention improved mainly glucose and lipid metabolism. The strongest pleiotropic effect was observed when fenofibrate was added to metformin. CONCLUSIONS Fenofibrate, particularly administered together with metformin, is superior to metformin and lifestyle intervention in exhibiting beneficial effects on systemic inflammation, hemostasis, and monocyte secretory function in type 2 diabetic patients with mixed dyslipidemia.
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PMID:Pleiotropic action of short-term metformin and fenofibrate treatment, combined with lifestyle intervention, in type 2 diabetic patients with mixed dyslipidemia. 1943 59

Appropriate correction of cardiovascular risk factors is a mainstay of the treatment of patients that have developed or might develop cardiovascular disease. In addition to classical risk factors, such as hypertension, smoking, dyslipidemia, diabetes, obesity, and sedentary life, epidemiological research has identified a number of additional conditions that are associated with a greater risk of cardiovascular disease. In fact, a substantial percentage of patients who develop cardiovascular events do not have any of the classical risk factors. Over the past thirty years, effective intervention in the treatment of hypertension, dyslipidemia, and diabetes has reduced remarkably cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, but the incidence of coronary artery disease and stroke remains unacceptably high and cardiovascular diseases are still the leading cause of death in the Western world. New cardiovascular risk factors are likely to give substantial contribution to this scenario and it could be easily anticipated that this contribution will become more evident in the upcoming years. This is why physicians who operate in the field of cardiovascular medicine and deal with problems related to cardiovascular prevention should be aware of these emergent risk factors, evaluate them accurately in their patients, and treat them appropriately. This review will summarize the literature supporting the role of lipoprotein(a), homocysteine, and fibrinogen as cardiovascular risk factors.
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PMID:The emerging risk factors for cardiovascular disease: a review of the epidemiologic evidence for lipoprotein(a), homocysteine, and fibrinogen. 1977 32

Medical prevention consists to identify as soon as possible apparently healthy individuals who develop a disease and to engage them for active preventive treatment. Several cross-sectional studies of general populations or high cardiovascular risk have shown that coronary calcium score (coronary artery calcium, CAC) was positively associated with traditional risk factors (hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes, and smoking) and some new risk factors (fibrinogen). In this work, we first calculated, among 618 men, the risk of 10-years cardiovascular heart disease (CHD) according to the Framingham risk model, and then we calculated the probability that the CAC score of an individual falls in all four CAC categories (0, 1-100, 101-400 and > 400). We obtained risk factors adjusted relative risk (RR) estimates from a meta-analysis comparing the risk of coronary heart disease in individuals with CAC scores of 1-100 (RR = 1.7), 101 - 400 (RR = 3.0) and > 400 (RR = 4.3) with the risk of a person with a CAC score zero. The new model for the risk of CHD for each CAC score category were then calculated assuming an average 1-year risk of CHD and risk assessment of the four CAC score categories, weighted by the probability that scores fall into each category. The combination of modeling the CCA with the modeling of conventional risk factors allows obtaining a remarkable predictive value that can improve the assessment of overall risk Framingham through the reclassification of the risk of CHD to an extent which may be clinically important.
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PMID:Subclinical atherosclerosis modeling: Integration of coronary artery calcium score to Framingham equation. 1996 72

Venous and arterial thromboses have traditionally been considered distinct pathophysiologic entities. However, the two disorders have many features in common, and there is evidence that persons with venous thrombosis may be at greater risk for arterial events. The pathogenesis of both disorders includes endothelial injury, platelet activation, elevated levels of intrinsic clotting factors and inflammatory markers, increased fibrinogen, and impaired fibrinolysis. In addition, older age, obesity, dyslipidemia, and smoking predispose to both venous and arterial thrombosis. While the evidence that arterial disease is a risk factor for venous thrombosis is inconclusive, arterial disease does appear to occur with a modestly increased frequency in patients with a history of venous thromboembolism. Reported odds ratios in such patients were 1.2 for myocardial infarction, 1.3 for stroke, 2.3 for carotid plaque, and 4.3 for coronary calcification. Of note, in persons under age 40 with unprovoked venous thrombosis, the odds ratio for acute myocardial infarction was as high as 3.9. In general, however, venous disease is considered to be a weak risk factor for arterial thrombosis, and the use of agents specifically targeted to the prevention of heart attack or stroke in the majority of persons with VTE cannot be recommended at present.
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PMID:Risk of future arterial cardiovascular events in patients with idiopathic venous thromboembolism. 2000 8

Knowledge obtained from the Turkish Adult Risk Factor (TARF) study on higher morbidity and mortality rates compared to other populations from coronary heart disease (CHD) among Turkish adults has been confirmed recently with greater power. This review provides insight that the dysfunctions of the protective serum proteins, attaining pro-inflammatory and atherogenic features, may be attributed to atherogenic dyslipidemia, oxidative stress, and systemic inflammation associated with the high prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) among Turks. The mentioned protective protein dysfunctions, firstly described in a general population to date, are high-density lipoprotein (HDL), apolipoprotein (apo) A-I, A-II, and apoC-III, apart from adiponectin. Based on published findings of the TARF study, this review discusses the role of inflammatory mediators such as elevated C-reactive protein (CRP), apoB, apoC-III, fibrinogen, and low adiponectin serum levels in cardiometabolic risk comprising MetS, type 2 diabetes, and CHD, the degree of independence of these mediators from the ATP-III-defined MetS, and the influence of sex. Moreover, it is emphasized that dysfunctions of adiponectin and protective proteins related to HDL particles increase not only cardiometabolic risk significantly but also CHD risk among half of Turkish adults in a magnitude similar to or greater than that associated with traditional risk factors. Also underlined is the observation that cigarette smoking reduces the risk in Turkish women for the development of hypertension, MetS, and diabetes by mediation of positive effects on dysfunctional apoA-I, visceral fat accumulation and, above all, CRP levels. This knowledge is of utmost importance and sheds light to authorities and those concerned on the necessity of urgent and radical modifications regarding strategies in prevention and management of cardiovascular health of middle-aged Turks.
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PMID:[Major influence of dysfunctions of protective serum proteins on cardiometabolic risk among Turks and gender difference]. 2001 60


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