Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0242172 (pelvic inflammatory disease)
 3,755 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In a double-blind study, indoprofen was superior to placebo in decreasing pain in patients with primary and metastatic cancer and with neuralgia. A single oral dose of 200 mg was more active than a 100-mg dose. The preferences of patients proved to be a more sensitive parameter in this study than scores of pain intensity, pain relief, and other related measurements (SPID, TOTPAR, and Peak PID).
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PMID:Double-blind study of the analgesic effect of indoprofen (K 4277). 4 80

Studies leading toward current developments of simpler female tubocculsion are reviewed. Transvaginal occlusion of the uterotubal junction has had relatively high failure and complication rates. To overcome the hazards of blind application, hysteroscopy was used. A continuing tubal patency rate of 10-15% after electrocoagulation leaves this method in the experimental stage. Other experimental methods of occluding the tubes from below have included cryosurgery, biologic glues, silver nitrate paste, quinacrine, and prosthetic devices such as silicon injection and plugs. For a peritoneal approach the methods of Pomeroy and vaginal colpotomy have been used. Culdoscopy, using plastic or metal clips for the tubes, was not satisfactory but culdoscopy and tubal resection are currently performed. Laparoscopy, with advances in equipment and optics, has led to greater use of this method. Bowel perforations from electrocoagulation have stimulated use of nonelectrical methods of tubal occlusion. The pig was chosen for animal studies. A clip was designed to be used through the laparoscope. It would occlude the tube, not be easily displaced, and could be removed for reanastomsis. This clip was approved for trial in humans. The clips have been applied under local anesthesia. Full operating room facilities have not been needed. Nitrous oxide was found to be better than carbon dioxide for induction of pneumoperitoneum. In 1973, a total of 10 residents, 8 U.S. physicians, and 9 overseas physicians were trained to use the especially designed clip applicator. They are all currently using this method. Auxiliary equipment for gas regulation was designed as a portable unit. As of March 1974 there have been 400-500 sterilizations, using this clip, done in the U.S. and an additional 500-600 done overseas for a total of over 1000 cases. In the Chapel Hill series, 8% of patients have experienced vagal reflex during the recovery period. This has responded promptly to atropine given iv. Skin infections have followed in 2 cases and 2 patients were hospitalized postoperatively to treat an unsuspected PID. In all, 2 laparotomies have been needed. No deaths have been reported. Malfunctioning clip applicators have caused a few difficulties. To date 6 pregnancies have been reported, all from the Chapel Hill series. In all known failures, clips were found to have been incorrectly placed. The clips have been effective in occluding the isthmic portion of the tubes. Later reanastomosis would therefore be more easily done than after the Pomeroy operation The potential of this method for population control is significant.
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PMID:Sudies in simpler tubocclusion methods. 12 34

In 322 cases of lumbar PID proved by myelography the radiologically recognizeable malalignment of the lumbar spine was related to site and direction of the prolaps. Scoliosis towards the side of the prolapse was seen in about 70 per cent. Scoliosis convex towards the normal side was significantly more common with right-sided than with left-sided prolapses. Scoliosis was the more pronounced the higher the site of prolapse. The degree of lumbar lordosis, too, appeared to depend on the level of prolapse. The lower the prolapse the less the lordosis. In the individual case one cannot draw any conclusions as to site or direction of a prolapse from radiologically detectable malalignment.
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PMID:[Malalignment of lumbar spine with lumbar PID (author's transl)]. 12 47

Parametric tests for bioassay data are commonly applied to scores of pain intensity and relief for the assessment of potency ratios of analgesic drugs. It has been demonstrated, however, that scores derived from semiquantitative scales often deviate from normal distribution. In addition, when scores decrease as a consequence of analgesic treatment, the variances may be nonhomogenous. Both parametric and nonparametric procedures have been employed in this study for the evaluation of results of a double-blind multicenter trial of the analgesic effect of indoprofen and ASA (both drugs at three dose levels) and placebo in episiotomy pain. There was a good agreement between potency ratios obtained with the two assays. Peak PID appeared a less efficient means of estimating potency ratio than other measurements such as SPID and TOTPAR. The nonparametric test for quantitative bioassay appears to be a valid statistical procedure for evaluating results of clinical trials, and it does not imply any assumptions as to the type of distribution of the data.
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PMID:Application of nonparametric procedure for bioassay data to the evaluation of analgesics in man. 32 87

The authors review the body of literature dealing with the association between the use of IUDs and the development of acute PID (Pelvic Inflammatory Disease); the sources, dating from 1930 to 1976, include published articles from several nations as well as proceedings of international conferences. Limitations of studies done to date include: 1) the imprecise diagnostic criteria of PID; 2) an undue emphasis on hospitalized patients; 3) missed cases in which an IUD is removed shortly before the onset of PID; 4) absence of appropriate control groups and; 5) the use of sample sizes which are too small. These methodological deficiencies make it difficult to assess the true incidence of PID which occurs in association with the use of IUDs; nevertheless, researchers agree that an increased risk does exist. In addition, IUD users have an increased risk of pain and bleeding; future sterility; and ectopic pregnancy. In consideration of these risks, especially that of subsequent sterility, the authors recommend that IUDs not be used in nulliparae. They recommend that IUDs only be inserted in the absence of any genital infection; in parts of the world where gonorrhea is prevalent, antibiotics should be administered prophylactically before insertion of the device.
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PMID:[The use of IUD as an etiological factor of acute pelvic inflammatory disease]. 38 65

Seventy-five women admitted with the symptom complex suggestive of pelvic inflammatory disease( PID) were started on a penicillin-aminoglycoside antibiotic regimen. An aminoglycoside, gentamicin or netilmicin (Schering-Plough), was chosen randomly and given parenterally. Forty-two patients received netilmicin and 33 received gentamicin for 5 days. Therapeutic response to the 2 antibiotic regimens was similar. Aminoglycosides have been associated with both nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity. Blood chemistries were studied in all patients. The only manifested toxicity was in 2 patients treated with gentamicin. Endometrial-endocervical cultures were obtained before and after therapy. The microbacteria isolated by standard culture techniques before therapy revealed Neisseria gonorrhoeae in 69% and 51% of the netilmicin and gentamicin groups, respectively; anaerobic organisms were cultured in about 75% of each group.
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PMID:A comparison of netilmicin and gentamicin in the treatment of pelvic infections. 50 79

Ultrasound is the imaging method of choice for evaluating the pregnant abdomen. It appears to be free of any deleterious biologic effects. The fetus and other structures within the uterus can be imaged in great detail, and abnormalities in growth and development of these structures can be demonstrated. Ultrasound has a far less specific role in the evaluation of gynecologic abnormalities. The normal uterus and, less frequently, the normal ovaries can be imaged. Masses arising in these strucutres can often be conclusively demonstrated by ultrasound when physical examination is inconclusive. The ultrasonic texture of these masses, whether they be solid, cystic or complex, can be determined accurately. However, the determination of whether these masses are benign or malignant cannot be made by ultrasound criteria. Ultrasound has also proven useful in evaluating patients with ambiguous genitalia, amenorrhea and suspected PID and also is an effective means of localizing intrauterine contraceptive devices.
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PMID:Ultrasound in obstetrics and gynecology. 62 5

Trypanosome-activated mouse peritoneal macrophages phagocytized and digested Trypanosoma brucei in vitro and in vivo, but in the absence of specific antiserum and complement the degree of phagocytosis was minimal. Ultrastructurally, the parasites attached to the macrophage by their flagella, and ingestion proceeded flagellum first. Once ingested, T. brucei was degraded, presumably due to fusion of the parasite-containing phagosome with lysosomes. Contrariwise, normal mouse peritoneal macrophages displayed negligible ability to ingest T. brucei, even in the presence of specific antiserum and complement. During trypanosomiasis in deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus), the development of hypergammaglobulinemia correlated with enhanced phagocytosis of T. brucei by macrophages, but only at early post-inoculation days (PID 5 to 15). Complement lysis of trypanosomes was not identified in these experiments. Between PID 20 to 30, antiserum and complement either had no phagocytosis-promoting ability or depressed the phagocytosis of T. brucei by macrophages. These results indicate that both specific antibody and complement contribute to the ingestion of T. brucei by activated macrophages, but that parasite antigenic variation effectively abrogates the phagocytic defense mechanism.
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PMID:Ultrastructural and immunological aspects of the phagocytosis of Trypanosoma brucei by mouse peritoneal macrophages. 64 Jul 40

Seven hundred and fifty women using IUD(TCu 200) were observed for one year after insertion. Sixteen (2.1%) of the women were hospitalized for salpingitis (PID), and the diagnosis was always confirmed by laparascopy. Of these 16 women, 8 belonged to the nulliparous group and 8 to the parous group. In the high-risk age-group (16--25 years), the incidence of salpingitis was 47/1000 women-year in the nulliparous group, and 42/1000 women-year in the parous group. Thus, the rate of development of salpingitis is equal regardless of parity.
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PMID:Is development of pelvic inflammatory disease in women using intra-uterine device equal regardless of parity? A one year follow-up study. 72 61

Data are presented from an investigation of the assocation of presenting complaints with gonococcal infection in females seeking primary care in an urban emergency room. Over 27% of patients in the study had cultures positive for Neisseria gonorrhoeae (GC). The GC positivity rates which were significantly higher than expected were found in patients with abnormal uterine bleeding, urinary tract symptoms, and cervicitis, as well as acute PID. Clinical findings suggest an etiologic role for the gonococcus in the pathogenesis of these disorders. Where the incidence of gonorrhea is high, new approaches in the managment of patients with these presenting complaints are necessary in order to prevent the more serious complications of gonorrhea and further spread of the disease.
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PMID:Female gonorrhea: its relation to abnormal uterine bleeding, urinary tract symptoms, and cervicitis. 80 48


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