Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0242172 (pelvic inflammatory disease)
 3,755 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Both acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) surveillance data and surveys on the seroprevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) indicate that HIV infection through heterosexual transmission is showing a trend of dramatic increase among US women. In women, especially pregnant women, AIDS has a more fulminant course than in men and there is a shorter survival time from diagnosis to death. Gynecologists may be the first source of medical contact among asymptomatic HIV-positive women, and primary care providers should aware of unusual gynecologic manifestations of HIV infection. Protracted herpes infection, refractory vaginal candidiasis, and widespread condylomata often represent early warning signs of an underlying immunocompromised state. Women with impaired cellular immunity are at greater risk of genital papillomavirus and neoplasia. Deficient cellular immunity also facilitates activation of latent infections such as cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex, and papillomavirus. Pelvic inflammatory disease is found in a disproportionately high number of HIV-infected women, although it is unknown whether the inflammation is secondary to the AIDS virus or a co-factor. Genital ulcers both increase the risk of HIV seroconversion and enhance the infectiousness of women already HIV-positive. Herpes simplex and other gynecologic conditions are likely to be more fulminant in presentation, more protracted in course, and resistant to conventional therapy in HIV-infected patients. To facilitate the early identification and treatment of these conditions, Pap smears should be taken every 4-6 months in infected women and there should be liberal use of colposcopy. Oral contraceptive users should be advised to switch to condom/nonoxynol-9 use to reduce the potential for disease transmission and accelerated progression.
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PMID:Primary care of women infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. 224 90

Genital ulcers are implicated as a risk factor enhancing susceptibility to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection. A prospective study to determine the incidence of and risk factors associated with acquisition of HIV-1 in women with genital ulcers was done. HIV-1-seronegative women with genital ulcers attending a clinic for sexually transmitted diseases in Nairobi were followed to HIV-1 seroconversion over a 6-month period. Of 81 women, 10 seroconverted to HIV-1. The crude 6-month incidence of HIV-1 infection was 12%. Risk factors associated with seroconversion included cervical ectopy (rate ratio [RR], 4.9; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.5-15.6) and pelvic inflammatory disease (RR, 6.3; 95% CI, 1.9-20.4). Thus, cervical ectopy and pelvic inflammatory disease may increase susceptibility to HIV-1 in women with genital ulcers.
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PMID:Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 seroconversion in women with genital ulcers. 765 94