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Query: UMLS:C0242172 (pelvic inflammatory disease)
 3,755 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Microbiological investigations were carried out on two groups of men and women--a) with genital non gonococcal pathology and--b) in infertile/sterile people of the same sex and age (mean age 28.4 y) with the aim to document in them the prevalence of various microorganisms particularly of Mycoplasma/Ureaplasma and Chlamydia trachomatis as aetiological agent of their pathology. Serum antibodies to Chlamydia trachomatis were also studied by microimmunofluorescence, immunoperoxidase and ELISA methods in the same population in comparison with apparently healthy blood donors of the same sex and age as control. Finally, 56 infertile/sterile couples were included in this study to investigate the possible role of Chl. trachomatis. Various microorganisms were isolated more frequently from women of the group b) (45.5%-22.9% respectively p less than 0.01). Mycoplasma/Ureaplasma in comparison with Chl. trachomatis were prevalent in all groups investigated (p less than 0.01). Infertile/sterile women had higher anti Chl. trachomatis antibodies than did women with genital non gonococcal pathology or women of the control group (p less than 0.01). Mycoplasma/Ureaplasma strains were isolated from infertile/sterile couples more frequently than Chl. trachomatis but the women of these couples had high titres (greater than 128) of anti Chl. trachomatis antibodies. Finally, IgA as well as IgG anti Chl. trachomatis antibodies were demonstrated in two out of nine peritoneal fluid samples obtained from women affected by PID. In one case, a pregnancy underwent after an ad hoc therapy of the two partners from whom two Ureaplasma strains were isolated.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Microbiological and serological study in cases of infertility with or without sterility with particular emphasis on the etiological role of Chlamydia trachomatis]. 248 84

The prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis infection in a population of women with no symptoms of sexually transmitted disease was investigated. These women, aged 35-55 years, participated in a screening program for cervical cancer. With the use of a direct immunofluorescence method, 109 out of 2,470 smears tested were positive for Chlamydia trachomatis, indicating an overall prevalence of 4.4%. No changes in prevalence were found when five-year cohorts of this group were analyzed, indicating that age-dependent changes or epidemiological factors do not result in a different (decreased) prevalence over the ages 35 to 55 years. The prevalence of Trichomonas vaginalis and fungi, as detected by cytological screening, was lower than that observed for Chlamydia trachomatis: 3.1 and 2.1%, respectively. Of the 109 smears positive for Chlamydia trachomatis, 90 showed cervical cells with reactive changes (out of 1,490 smears with PAP II), whereas no cytological changes were found in 15 cases (out of 884 smears with PAP I). Changes suggestive of mild or moderate dysplasia were found in only four cases (out of 93 smears with PAP III). The results indicate that Chlamydia trachomatis is associated with reactive changes of endocervical cells and raise serious questions about whether prevention of possible secondary effects such as infertility and pelvic inflammatory disease can be achieved by a combined screening program for cervical cancer and Chlamydia trachomatis.
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PMID:Prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis infection in a population of asymptomatic women in a screening program for cervical cancer. 249 93

Routine testing for Chlamydia trachomatis during gynecological visits, as well as treatment of those found positive, has been suggested as a preventive measure against the serious consequences of chlamydial genital infections, e.g., pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), infertility, and ectopic pregnancy. This article examines the cost and effectiveness of this practice. The study is based on a model that predicts how routine testing and treatment will affect the future number of cases of PID, infertility, and ectopic pregnancy. The costs of test and treatment are estimated, as are the savings resulting from prevention. Results indicate that although routine testing was not effective in reducing the overall morbidity caused by chlamydial infections, for women 18-22 years of age routine testing during regular gynecologic sessions can be a cost-effective personal health service.
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PMID:Cost effectiveness of testing for chlamydial infections in asymptomatic women. 250 94

The purpose of the study was to determine whether serologic studies for Chlamydia would be helpful in identifying cases in which a tubal factor is responsible for infertility. One hundred and fourteen infertile women, consecutive patients who came to the infertility clinic at the University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, had serological tests for Chlamydia and subsequent tubal evaluations by laparoscopy or laparotomy. Seventy-four patients (65%) had positive titers for Chlamydia, of whom 57 (77%) were found to have tubal obstruction. Forty-four had distal tubal obstruction; three had cornual obstruction; and ten had peritubal adhesions. Of the 40 patients with negative titers for Chlamydia, only 14 (35%) were found to have tubal obstruction. The difference in the incidence of tubal disease between women with positive titers and those with negative titers was statistically significant (P less than .002). A significant correlation (P less than .001) was observed between the prevalence of antibodies and distal tubal obstruction. Of the 74 patients with positive titers, 48 (65%) had no history of prior symptomatic pelvic inflammatory disease. These findings suggest that chlamydial infection, as evidenced by positive antibody titers, is associated with a significantly high incidence of tubal infertility and that in the majority of these patients, the prior infection was subclinical and asymptomatic.
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PMID:Chlamydial serology in women with tubal infertility. 256 4

Four hundred ninety-eight consecutive new female patients in a private obstetrics-gynecology practice were asked about their coital habits during menses (SxMs/F = frequent, SxMs/O = occasional, SxMs/N = never) and history of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). Endometriosis and tubal infertility factor were diagnosed on laparoscopy or laparotomy. The frequency of endometriosis was higher (P less than .05) in patients with coitus during menses (SxMs/F + O) (17.5%) than in the SxMs/N group (10.9%). The frequency of PID was not different between the SxMs/F + O (10.8%) and SxMs/N (9.7%) groups. Thirty-five percent of the infertility patients had a tubal infertility factor. The frequency of tubal infertility factors was higher in the PID group (78.4%) than in the non-PID group (30.4%) (P less than .001). Endometriosis was associated with an increase in tubal infertility factors (47.9% vs. 33.3% in the nonendometriosis group) but to a lesser degree than PID. The frequency of PID in the group with a tubal infertility factor was higher (22.7% vs. no tubal factor, 3.4%) (P less than .001), and the frequency of endometriosis was higher in the group with a tubal infertility factor (19.3% vs. no tubal factor, 11.5%) (P less than .05). Coitus during menses appeared to increase the chances of endometriosis but not of PID. The rate of tubal infertility factors increased in both PID and endometriosis.
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PMID:Coitus during menses. Its effect on endometriosis and pelvic inflammatory disease. 258 90

Pelvic inflammatory disease is a major cause of infertility in Australia. Although there is still much to learn about the disease, which can be difficult to diagnose, the general practitioner has an important role in reducing the biological, psychological and social impact of this condition.
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PMID:Pelvic inflammatory disease. 265 Jun 73

In Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, physicians took endocervical swab examples from 325 women and urethral swab samples from 85 men to determine the extent of Chlamydia trachomatis infections and to compare an enzyme immunoassay (EIA) for the detection of C. trachomatis with the standard cell culture. All the men had urethritis. The women included pregnant, postnatal, and nonpregnant women. EIA positive tests were used to indicate C. trachomatis infection. 22.4% of all men had chlamydia infection (17.2% of symptom free men, 26% of men experiencing pain when urinating and/or urethral discharge, and 75% of men with postgonococcal urethritis). 8.6% of all pregnant women had cervical C. trachomatis infection (8.5% of asymptomatic pregnant women and 16.7% of pregnant women with vaginal discharge). 11.4% of all postnatal and nonpregnant women tested positive for C. trachomatis. The rates among these women were 66.7% for those who had pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), 50% for those with a history of abortion. 50% for those with a herpetic lesion, 25% for those using oral contraceptives (OCs), 16.3% for nonpregnant women with pain during urination and/or vaginal discharge, 11.4% for those with no symptoms, 8.1% for those with infertility, 7.7% for postnatal women having pain during urination or vaginal discharge, and 4% for those using IUDs. The EIA's sensitivity rates ranged from 75% for women with infertility to 100% for symptomatic men and those with postgonococcal urethritis, symptomatic pregnant women, symptomatic postpartum women, women with PID, and women using OCs. Specificity rates were higher and ranged 92.9-100%. EIA's high sensitivity and specificity along with its rapid performance make it a valuable diagnostic test in clinics where incidence of C. trachomatis infection tends to be high, e.g., sexually transmitted disease clinics. Clinicians could also use it in low risk settings, but they should be careful when interpreting results.
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PMID:Enzyme immunoassay in the diagnosis of Chlamydia trachomatis infections in diverse patient groups. 267 Nov 55

Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is a genital tract infection that affects a predominantly young and sexually active population. While its exact pathogenesis has yet to be determined, it appears to be caused by several micro-organisms that develop in response to one or more of the following: foreign bodies, such as intrauterine contraceptive devices, retained tampons and douching solutions, and surgery, such as endometrial biopsy and hysterosalpingography. The most common risk factor for PID is multiple sexual partners. The disease is associated with infertility, sterility and adverse pregnancy outcomes. Management calls for aggressive antibiotic therapy and the temporary suspension of sexual activity.
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PMID:Pelvic inflammatory disease. 267 66

A study was undertaken to determine fertility status in a group of adult females who as children had been operated on for perforated appendicitis between 1957 to 1975. The 389 girls operated on for perforated appendicitis were reviewed. Their ages ranged from 10 months to 13 years at the time of appendicectomy. Of these girls, 276 were now 20 to 43 years old, and they were contacted by means of a mail questionnaire, and personal interview wherever necessary. It proved possible to contact 181 women; 102 of them were married and 79 were unmarried. Eight-four of the married women (82%) had one or more children. Nine unmarried women also had one or more children. Eighteen married women who have no children were studied in detail. Five women were on contraceptives, two desired pregnancy but had not conceived, and one patient was separated from her husband. Two patients had conceived and aborted, and two were married to infertile men. Of the remaining six patients who had been investigated for infertility, no demonstrable cause of infertility was found in three. Of the other three patients, one showed evidence of bilateral tubal occlusion secondary to pelvic inflammatory disease, one has had a right ectopic pregnancy followed by two abortions, and the third patient was found to have a pituitary adenoma. Our data show that perforated appendicitis before puberty has little if any role in the aetiology of tubal infertility.
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PMID:Fertility following perforated appendicitis in girls. 273 21

Pelvic inflammatory disease is one of the most serious complications of sexually transmitted diseases. It is a medical and public health problem of great magnitude, and adolescents are at greater risk for its development than any other age group. Its sequelae of infertility, ectopic pregnancy, chronic pelvic pain, and dyspareunia may have a devastating impact upon a teenager's life. The epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical features, differential diagnosis, and management and prevention of this clinical syndrome are presented.
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PMID:Pelvic inflammatory disease in the adolescent. 277 92


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