Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0241981 (loss of balance)
 452 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The present study investigated variation in apoptosis and proliferation, and the balance between apoptosis and proliferation, for peritoneal mesothelial cells (MCs) after exposure to peritoneal dialysis solution (PDS) in vivo. We implanted 32 male Sprague-Dawley rats (4 groups; n = 8 in each group) with catheters and intraperitoneally infused the animals with 20 mL Dianeal 1.36%, 2.27%, or 3.86% (Baxter Healthcare Corporation, Deerfield, IL, U.S.A.) PDS twice daily for eight consecutive weeks, using saline as a control. At the end of the eighth week, samples of peritoneal membrane were fixed and sliced. Expression of apoptosis was checked with TUNEL kits (Boehringer Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany), and expression of proliferative cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) was checked by immunohistochemistry [streptoavidin-biotin-peroxidase complex (SABC) method]. The ratio of MC apoptosis to proliferation was measured from the same slices using the dual-stain combination of TUNEL and SABC. Cells positive for apoptosis and PCNA were counted for all samples by light microscopy in 50 consecutive grids (10 x by 40). Peritoneal dialysis solution was found to significantly induce MC apoptosis as compared with control at the end of the eighth week. The degree of apoptosis was proportional to the concentration of glucose in the PDS. The 1.36% PDS, but not the 2.27% or 3.86%, significantly stimulated the expression of PCNA. The degree of PCNA expression was negatively related to the glucose concentration of the PDS. The MC apoptosis: PCNA ratio was significantly higher for 3.86% and 2.27% PDS than for the control, but no significant difference was seen between 1.36% PDS and control. We conclude that glucose-based PDS may induce apoptosis and disturb the balance of MC apoptosis and proliferation, and that 1.36% PDS damages the balance less than does 2.27% or 3.86% PDS. These effects may be partly due to pH, calcium, hyperosmolality, and glucose degradation products (GDPs). Loss of balance between MC proliferation and apoptosis--induced by unphysiologic PDS--may be one of the major causes of peritoneal membrane failure during long-term continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis.
 ...
PMID:Peritoneal dialysis solutions disturb the balance of apoptosis and proliferation of peritoneal cells in chronic dialysis model. 1151 Feb 97

The purpose of this study was to evaluate behavioral responses and biochemical changes induced by the extensively used pesticide cypermethrin (CYP) in liver, gills, brain and muscle tissues of mahseer (Tor putitora) fry. Behavioral changes in fish after exposure to an acute concentration of CYP involved jumping, abrupt swimming, loss of balance and equilibrium, increased surface activity and air gulping. These changes were more prominent with the passage of time. After a longer period of exposure, the fish became sluggish and before dying occasionally became motionless and sometimes showed a vertical position. Internal hemorrhage was also obvious. CYP exposure resulted in a significant decrease in total protein content in different tissues while antioxidant enzymes, catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD) and glutathione reductase (GR) showed a time-dependent increasing trend in their activities in liver, brain, gills and muscle tissues. Similarly, lipid peroxidation (LPO) level also increased with time in different tissues of CYP-exposed fish. The results of the present study revealed that CYP is toxic to the mahseer Tor putitora. Therefore, its indiscriminate use can contribute in decreasing the population of mahseer in natural water bodies.
...
PMID:Cypermethrin induced behavioral and biochemical changes in mahseer, Tor putitora. 2537 74