Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0241902 (Grunt)
 19 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

One hundred and three hospitalised urban pre-school Nigerian children aged 2 weeks to 4 years with various acute lower respiratory tract infection (ALRI), were studied prospectively over a 9- month period (August 1985 - April 1986). Overlapping seasonal peaks, corresponding to the rainy/early harmattan months of August through November were most noticeable for the two major viral ALRI syndromes namely, bronchiolitis and croup. The overall M:F ratio was 1.1:1, but a corresponding ratio of 1.6:1 was recorded in the infants. The commonest ALRI symptoms were cough, breathlessness and fever while chest wall retraction, nasal flaring, tachypnoea and auscultatory crepitations were the most frequently recognised physical findings. Grunting respiration was recognised in 26 patients, majority of whom had pleural effusion and/or severe bronchopneumonia. Bronchopneumonia was the single commonest ALRI diagnosis, recorded alone or in combination with another lower respiratory syndrome, in 64 (61.2%) of the 103 cases. The croup:bronchiolitis: pneumonia ratio was 1:2.3:8.3. Nasopharyngitis was recorded in 42 (40.7%) of cases, and was frequently associated with the presumably viral ALRI syndromes of croup and bronchiolitis. Pleural effusion, frequently purulent, was the commonest respiratory complication, while heart failure and anaemia were the most frequently recognised associated conditions, found predominantly in patients with pneumonia and bronchiolitis. There was an overall ALRI case-fatality of 7.8%, representing 8 deaths, in 3 of whom measles was a co-morbid condition. All the 8 deaths had a final diagnosis of pneumonia with or without other ALRI syndromes/associated complications. While subjects with complicating pleural effusion recorded the longest mean duration of hospitalisation, those with bronchiolitis had the shortest duration of hospitalisation and no death. The epidemiologic, as well as the diagnostic and therapeutic implications of our observations are discussed.
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PMID:Acute lower respiratory infections in hospitalised urban pre-school Nigerian children: a clinical overview. 762

Childhood pneumonia is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among underfives particularly in the resource-constraint part of the world. A high proportion of these deaths are due to lack of oxygen, thereby making oxygen administration a life-saving adjunctive when indicated. However, many primary health centres that manage most of the cases often lack the adequate manpower and facilities to decide which patient should be on oxygen therapy. Therefore, this study aimed to determine factors that predict hypoxaemia at presentation in children with severe pneumonia. Four hundred and twenty children aged from 2 to 59 months (40% infants) with severe pneumonia admitted to a health centre in rural Gambia were assessed at presentation. Eighty-one of them (19.30%) had hypoxaemia (oxygen saturation < 90%). Children aged 2-11 months, with grunting respiration, cyanosis, and head nodding, and those with cardiomegaly on chest radiograph were at higher risk of hypoxaemia (P < 0.05). Grunting respiration (OR = 5.210, 95% CI 2.287-7.482) and cyanosis (OR = 83.200, 95% CI 5.248-355.111) were independent predictors of hypoxaemia in childhood pneumonia. We conclude that children that grunt and are centrally cyanosed should be preferentially commenced on oxygen therapy even when there is no facility to confirm hypoxaemia.
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PMID:Determinants of oxygen therapy in childhood pneumonia in a resource-constrained region. 2381 60