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Query: UMLS:C0240066 (iron deficiency)
 7,156 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Chronic nutritional iron deficiency of 2 to 5 weeks duration reduced the blood hemoglobin content to 30-50% of control values and resulted in an increase in rat adrenal tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) (EC 1.14.16.2) activity. Kinetic and mixing experiments indicated that this increase was due to an increase in enzyme protein. The body weight of iron-deficient rats ranged from 60 to 80% of control; this factor, however, was not responsible for the increase in adrenal TH as enzyme activity was directly proportional to final body weight. To determine whether the increase in adrenal TH in iron-deficient rats was due to increased sympathetic activity to the adrenal medulla, the splanchnic nerve was cut. The increased TH was still observed after adrenal denervation; this indicates that the mechanism of response to iron deficiency lies within the adrenal itself. Age of the rats is important in determining whether the increase in TH activity will occur.
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PMID:The effect of chronic iron deficiency on adrenal tyrosine hydroxylase activity. 1 18

The prevention of iron deficiency requires attention to the toal feeding regimen as well as to its iron content. The use of fresh cow's milk in early infancy, a common practice, is associated with the development of measurable degrees of iron deficiency. In many instances excessive amounts of milk produce severe iron deficiency anemia during the second year of life in infants of greater than average birth weight. The psychological factors leading to such milk intakes have been reviewed. Present evidence supports the hypothesis that occult blood loss is a major etiologic factor in iron deficiency in infancy. Although the mechaisms of intestinal damage by fresh cow's milk protein is highly suspect and that the concentration of protein in the formula may play a significant role. What about iron fortification of infant formulas? Itis becoming clear that fullterm infants fed prepared formulas having protein concentrations approaching that of human milk and fed diets containing about 7 mg of iron daily after the age of 3 months infrequently develop biochemical iron deficiency. The addition of iron to the formula at levels of 10 to 12 mg/gt is assurance that their intake is adequate, whatever the iron intake from other foods. Low-birth-weight infants have increased iron needs because of their rapid growth. Iron-ofrtified formulas are necessary for these infants. Since iron from fortified formulas is well absorbed during the first three months of life, even if it is not immediately used for hemoglobin formation, an inccrease in the iron stores will occur...
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PMID:The prevention of iron dificency anemia in infants. 16 77

Ochratoxin A at 8 micrograms per g of diet, but not at lower doses, fed to chickens from 1 day to 3 weeks of age resulted in significantly (P less than 0.05) decreased packed blood cell volume and hemoglobin concentration without altering the number of circulating erythrocytes. Serum iron and percentage of transferrin saturation were lowered at 4 and 8 micrograms/g. Therefore, anemia was characteristic of severe ochratoxicosis of young chickens, and the anemia was categorized as a hypochromic-microcytic anemia of the iron deficiency type. These data indicate that ochratoxin A by itself does not cause hemorrhagic anemia syndrome of chickens and that an anemia caused by a nutritional deficiency can be elicited by a mycotoxin.
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PMID:Ochratoxin A-induced iron deficiency anemia. 45 31

We performed quantitative fecal examinations, hemograms, and serum iron determinations on 103 first-grade children from Vieques Island, Puerto Rico, to determine whether trichuriasis was associated with iron deficiency and anemia. Although hemoglobin values tended to be slightly lower in Trichuris-infected children, there was no association between trichuriasis and serum iron or transferrin saturation values. These data demonstrate that in lightly infected children such as the population studied trichuriasis is not associated with iron deficiency anemia.
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PMID:Is trichuriasis associated with iron deficiency anemia? 46 98

Reliable methods for assessing the iron status of a population are essential for developing effective public health measures to combat iron deficiency. The hemoglobin concentration, transferrin saturation, free erythrocyte protoporphyrin, and serum ferritin are all useful but they vary widely in their specificity and sensitivity for detecting iron deficiency. In applying these laboratory parameters, the usual approach in nutritional surveys is to determine the percentage of values outside the normal range. As an alternative, a model is presented here that uses these measurements to estimate the distribution of iron stores in a population. This approach may be particularly useful for evaluating the effectiveness of iron supplementation and fortification programs.
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PMID:Assessing iron status of a population. 48 29

10,126 determinations of hemoglobin concentration, 10,055 of hematocrit and 4,420 of serum iron were performed in 7,753 infants and children aged 1 month to 16 years to give normal values for this period in a large town. Both, concentrations of hemoglobin and hematocrit decreased during the 3rd and 8th month. The first decrease in serum iron level appeared later in month 4, the time of the second fall was identical with that of hemoglobin and hematocrit. In females, a third decrease of iron levels appeared with 13 years. Between the 2nd and 8th year of life, a period of instable iron nutriture became apparent. Concentrations of hemoglobin, hematocrit as well as serum iron depend on age. 0.4% of males and females showed a deficient concentration of hemoglobin. 2.9% of males and 1.1% of females had a low, nonacceptable hemoglobin value. Iron deficiency occurred in 8.5% of males and in 8.3% of females. It is probable that the number of children with a pre-latent or latent iron deficiency is much higher.
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PMID:[Concentrations of hemoglobin, hematocrit and serum iron in healthy infants and children aged 1 month to 16 years (author's transl)]. 49 83

65 patients of gestational age 35.4 weeks, and of average age 27.7 were investigated during postpartum after delivery of stillborn babies, to measure hemoglobin, serum assay of iron, total iron binding capacity (TIBC), folates level, and vitamin B 12 level. Comparison with a series of 270 women in their third trimester of pregnancy showed that the first group of patients had lower mean hemoglobin level, lower serum iron level, lower TIBC, and lower serum folate level. There was no difference in transferrin saturation, and serum vitamin B 12 was higher. The percentage of anemic women was 50% versus 20% in the larger group; however, there was no difference in the prevalence of iron deficiency. There also was a direct correlation with B12 and serum folate. Further studies are needed to validate these findings.
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PMID:[Anemia in pregnancy: III. Hematologic data in Mexican mothers with non viable infants]. 52 58

This work analyzes the possible causes of anemia in 2 groups of pregnant women observed in 2 different hospitals in Mexico City; 1 group of 216 patients, and another group of 121 women who were already in labor. Women in the first group were short, of low schooling, high gestation and parity, and high incidence of previous fetal losses. Women in the second group were taller, slightly better educated, but still with high gestation and parity, and high incidence of fetal lossed. Hematological data collected included hemoglobin level, packed cell volume, RBC folates, serum assay of iron, total iron binding capacity, and albumin. 23% of patients in the first group, and 17% in the 2nd. group were found to be anemic; the percentage rose to 49% and 35% respectively if patients with low hemoglobin level were also considered to be anemic. The principal finding of the study was that iron deficiency was present in 53% of cases of anemia, and that it was probably to be ascribed to nutritional deficiencies.
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PMID:[Anemia in pregnancy. II. Hematologic and obstetric data in pregnant women attending two Mexican institutions (author's transl)]. 52 57

Breast feeding is thought to result in a lower incidence of iron deficiency than does the use of unfortified cow milk forumalas, but there is scant documentation for this belief. The relationship of breast and cow milk feeding to absorption of iron and to iron status was investigated in a total of 45 term infants at about six months of age. Iron absorption was measured by total body counting. Laboratory assessment of iron status was based on the serum ferritin, hemoglobin, mean corpuscular volume, and transferrin saturation. The results indicated that infants fed breast milk during the entire first six to seven months of life attained greater iron stores than did those fed a cow milk formula. Breast-fed infants absorbed an average of 49% of a trace dose of extrinsic iron administered during a breast feeding in contrast to about 10% reported to be absorbed from cow milk under similar conditions. The data indicate that term infants who are breast fed may not require routine administration of supplemental iron.
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PMID:Iron absorption in infants: high bioavailability of breast milk iron as indicated by the extrinsic tag method of iron absorption and by the concentration of serum ferritin. 57 4

Thirty healthy infants, aged 11-13 months, were studied with regard to the iron absorption from proprietary milk formula. The infants were divided into three groups (I-III) depending on the concentration of iron in the formula: 0.8 (I), 6.8 (II), and 12.8 (III) mg/l, respectively. The calculated amount of iron absorbed per test dose of 50 ml of milk averaged 5 microgram (I), 32 microgram (II), and 43 microgram (III). Group I differed significantly from groups II and III. No correlation was found between iron absorption and hemoglobin, MCV, serum transferrin saturation or serum ferritin within the range of normal values. Our findings suggest that at least 7 mg of iron as ferrous sulphate per litre of formula is required to prevent iron deficiency.
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PMID:Iron absorption from infant milk formula and the optimal level of iron supplementation. 57 48


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