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Query: UMLS:C0240066 (iron deficiency)
 7,156 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

It has been reported that the mitochondrial cytochromes and citrate cycle enzymes occur in constant proportions to each other and increase or decrease roughly in parallel in response to various stimuli. The purpose of this study was to determine whether this proportionality is an obligatory consequence of the way in which mitochondria are assembled. Severe iron deficiency was used to bring about decreases of the iron-containing constituents of the mitochondrial respiratory chain in skeletal muscle. Cytochrome c concentration and cytochrome oxidase activity were decreased approximately 50%, while succinate dehydrogenase and NADH dehydrogenase activities were decreased by 78% in iron-deficient muscle. On electron microscopic examination, mitochondria in iron-deficient muscles had relatively sparse numbers of cristae. The iron deficiency had little or no effect on the levels of a range of mitochondrial matrix enzymes, including citrate synthase, isocitrate dehydrogenase, fumarase, aspartate aminotransferase, 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase, 3-ketoacid-CoA transferase, and acetoacetyl-CoA thiolase. These results show that the usual constant proportions between the constituents of the mitochondrial respiratory chain and matrix enzymes are not obligatory; they provide evidence that mitochondrial matrix enzymes and respiratory chain constituents can be incorporated into mitochondria independently and that the ratios between them can vary within wide limits.
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PMID:Perturbation of mitochondrial composition in muscle by iron deficiency. Implications regarding regulation of mitochondrial assembly. 302 53

Severe iron deficiency results in complex systemic disorders e.g., including metabolism of energy and minerals. To investigate whether also moderate iron depletion may alter the activities of citric cycle enzymes and the cytochrome oxidase, the trace element status, and serum enzymes indicative of cell damage, this experiment was carried out with rats supplied with sub-optimal iron (9, 13 and 18 mg iron per kg diet) over a total of 5 weeks. The study included 3 pair-fed groups and an ad libitum group, fed with 50 mg iron/kg diet. All iron-restricted rats were classified as iron-deficient on the basis of reduced iron concentrations in body and iron-depending blood parameters. Body weight gain and catalase activity in kidney were lowered in rats receiving the lowest dietary iron level, exclusively. Rats fed 9 and 13 mg iron per kg diet had nearly 6- and 3-fold, respectively higher platelet counts in blood than their corresponding pair-fed controls. The activities of transaminases ASAT and ALAT, alkaline phosphatase, glutamate dehydrogenase and lactate dehydrogenase in serum which are indicative of cell damage were also markedly influenced by moderate dietary iron restriction, in which the enzyme levels in serum increased with intensifying iron depletion. Although, moderate iron restriction to young male rats was associated with marked alterations in iron status and serum enzymes, the activities of tricarboxylic acid cycle enzymes including malic dehydrogenase, fumarase, and isocitric dehydrogenase as well as cytochrome oxidase in liver remained largely unaffected. Only hepatic aconitase showed a somewhat reduction with iron depletion. Moreover, iron restriction was also accompanied with an accumulation of copper in liver which was significant for rats fed 9 and 13 mg iron per kg diet, whereas zinc status remained completely unaffected by moderate iron deficiency. It can be concluded, that a short-term moderate iron deficiency with ranging hemoglobin concentrations from 66 and 121 g/L, was accompanied with altered platelet counts, serum enzyme activities indicative of cell damage, and hepatic copper concentrations, but the activities of the tricarboxylic acid cycle enzymes and cytochrome oxidase in liver remained largely unaffected.
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PMID:Effect of different degrees of moderate iron deficiency on the activities of tricarboxylic acid cycle enzymes, and the cytochrome oxidase, and the iron, copper, and zinc concentrations in rat tissues. 980 Mar 17

The effects of iron deficiency and iron resupply on the metabolism of leaf organic acids have been investigated in hydroponically grown sugar beet. Organic acid concentrations and activities in leaf extracts of several enzymes related to organic acid metabolism were measured. Enzymes assayed included phosphoenol pyruvate carboxylase (PEPC; EC 4.1.1.31), different Krebs cycle enzymes: malate dehydrogenase (MDH; EC 1.1.1.37), aconitase (EC 4.2.1.3), fumarase (EC 4.2.1.2), citrate synthase (CS; EC 4.1.3.7) and isocitrate dehydrogenase (ICDH; EC 1.1.1.42), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH; EC 1.1.1.49) and two enzymes related to anaerobic metabolism (lactate dehydrogenase [LDH]; EC 1.1.1.27, and pyruvate decarboxylase [PDC]; EC 4.1.1.1). Iron concentration in leaves was severely decreased by iron deficiency. Iron resupply caused an increase in iron concentrations, reaching levels similar to the controls in 96 h. Iron deficiency induced a 2.3-fold (from 16 to 37 mmol m-2) increase in leaf total organic acid concentration. Organic anion concentrations were still 4-fold higher than the controls 24 h after resupply and decreased to values similar to those found in the controls after 96 h. All measured enzymes had increased activities in extracts of iron-deficient leaves when compared to the controls and generally decreased to control values 24 h after iron addition. These data provide evidence that organic acid accumulation in iron-deficient leaves is likely not due to an enhancement in leaf carbon fixation. Instead, this accumulation could be associated with organic acid export from the roots to the leaves via xylem.
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PMID:Changes induced by Fe deficiency and Fe resupply in the organic acid metabolism of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris) leaves. 1131 12