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Query: UMLS:C0240066 (iron deficiency)
 7,156 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Sixty full-term gravidas were divided into four groups, normal insidious iron deficiency, mild iron deficient anemia and moderate iron deficient anemia, according to their iron nutritional state determined by the measurement of hematologic and iron biochemical indexes. The iron nutritional state of newborns in each group and the level and the affinity of transferrin receptor in placenta were also studied. The iron nutritional state of newborns was found to decrease mildly along with the decrease of their mothers' iron nutritional state, especially the decrease of serum ferritin, but the differences were not statistically significant. It was suggested that the iron nutritional state of newborns was relatively normal although their mothers were in severe iron deficiency. The differences of transferrin receptor levels were significant among the four groups, the mild IDA group had the highest level of transferrin receptor, which was 1.68 times of normal group and 1.77 times of moderate IDA group. The differences between each two groups were significant. The differences of dissociate constant (Kd) of transferrin receptor were not significant among the four groups, indicating that the iron metabolism between mothers and their babies was regulated not by changing the affinity of transferrin binding to its receptor but by changing the numbers of transferrin receptor to maintain the relative stableness of newborns iron nutritional state.
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PMID:[Effect of placental transferrin receptors on iron nutritional state of normal full-term gravidas and their newborns]. 133 10

Absolute or functional iron deficiency decreases the effectiveness of erythropoietin in patients undergoing hemodialysis. We describe a patient who developed pica associated to a ferritin level of 800 ng/ml during recombinant human erythropoietin treatment. The symptom subsided after supplementation with iron dextran. Therefore we recommend iron supplementation during the initial phase of treatment with erythropoietin until serum ferritin levels raise above 1000 ng/ml.
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PMID:[Reappearance of pica symptoms during erythropoietin treatment]. 134 83

The relationship between iron status and capacity for IL-2 production by lymphocytes was assessed in 81 children from 6 mo to 3 yr of age selected at random from a population with low socioeconomic status, undergoing free systematic examination in four children's health centers in the Paris area. Iron deficiency was defined by the existence of at least two abnormal values among the three indicators of iron status: serum ferritin level less than or equal to 12 micrograms/L, transferrin saturation less than 12%, and erythrocyte protoporphyrin concentration greater than 3 micrograms/g hemoglobin. According to this definition, 53 children were classified as iron deficient and 28 as iron sufficient. No differences were observed between the iron-deficient and iron-sufficient groups in terms of the IL-2 concentration without stimulation by PHA. IL-2 production by lymphocytes stimulated with PHA, as well as the stimulation index (ratio of IL-2 concentration following stimulation by PHA to that of IL-2 concentration without stimulation by PHA) were significantly lower in iron-deficient children. The reduction in IL-2 production by activated lymphocytes observed in our study of iron-deficient children may be responsible for impairments in immunity found by other authors, particularly in cell-mediated immunity.
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PMID:Interleukin 2 production in iron-deficient children. 137 84

Low hemoglobin and low MCHC levels were indicative of high incidence of iron deficiency in preschool children. The extent of iron deficiency as assessed by serum ferritin and free erythrocyte protoporphyrin showed a different trend. While FEP levels were highly suggestive of extensive iron deficiency (in 40-45% of children below the age of 5 years), low serum ferritin was seen in only 16-20% of children. The discrepant finding of high serum ferritin, and high erythrocyte protoporphyrin despite low MCHC in the present study, possibly reflects iron deficiency status along with chronic infection resulting in hyperferritinemia and hyperprotoporphyrinemia. It may be also due to associated folate deficiency resulting in non utilization of iron leading to the elevated levels of protoporphyrin.
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PMID:Iron nutritional status of preschool children. 139 50

This study evaluated 217 regular blood donors, with the aim of measuring their iron stores and recording the influence of donation frequency. In the population studied, 10% of men and 15% of women showed reduced iron stores of the erythropoietic marrow (erythrocyte ferritin less than the normal range) and 64% of the population showed a latent deficiency in iron (serum ferritin values less than the reference values). An increase in donation frequency was followed by an important decrease in serum ferritin concentration. Blood haemoglobin levels were inferior to control limits in 4% of men and 15% of women, measurements of haemoglobin being the legal screening test performed at the time of donation. However, this test gives a late indication of an already established iron deficiency and should be replaced by the determination of serum ferritin in order to avoid the possible appearance of iron deficiency. Erythrocyte ferritin is another late indicator of iron depletion and hence is of little interest for the control of blood donors.
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PMID:Serum and erythrocyte ferritin in regular blood donors. 140 36

Iron-deficient female Wistar rats were fed a diet which contained 0.5% 3,5,5-trimethylhexanoyl (TMH)-ferrocene over a 57-week period. The state of iron deficiency was characterized by means of the absence of stainable iron in the bone marrow. After the first days on the iron-enriched diet, ferritin-containing siderosomes were found, in numerous erythroblasts up to orthochromatic normoblasts and in reticulocytes, i.e. the dispensed iron was used for haemoglobin synthesis. After 1 week the first macrophages showed a positive Perls' Prussian blue reaction. In the cytoplasm they stored the iron in the form of free ferritin molecules and lysosomally as aggregated ferritin and/or haemosiderin. The iron loading of the macrophages increased in both of the storage qualities proportionally with duration of the feeding period and reached a maximum after 38 weeks. Final stages showed extremely iron-loaded macrophages with high concentrations of free ferritin molecules and large siderosomes, partially flowing together to still greater units. Iron deposits within endothelial cells of bone marrow sinusoids can be observed for the first time after 4 weeks. In these cells the iron is stored as ferritin in siderosomes of relatively small and uniform size; free ferritin molecules in the cytosol were of only slight concentration. The TMH-ferrocene model of iron overload shows in the bone marrow: (1) an unimpeded utilization of the iron component for erythropoiesis, (2) development of excessive iron overload of the bone marrow in macrophages and endothelial cells of sinusoids and (3) a pattern of distribution of iron as seen in secondary haemochromatosis.
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PMID:Iron overload of the bone marrow by trimethylhexanoyl-ferrocene in rats. 141 92

Iron nutrition was measured in 84 low-birth-weight infants. At birth, they were assigned to three groups: preterm infants appropriate for gestational age (n = 29); preterm infants small for gestational age (n = 17); and full-term infants small for gestational age (n = 38). A sub-sample of infants was supplemented with iron 3 mg/kg from two to four months of age. At birth, preterm appropriate-for-gestational-age infants had a lower hemoglobin concentration than full-term small-for-gestational-age infants (p < 0.01) and a higher serum ferritin than preterm small-for-gestational-age infants (p < 0.05). In the non-supplemented group, full-term small-for-gestational-age infants had significantly higher hemoglobin concentrations at four months of age. At this age, iron-supplemented preterm infants appropriate or small for gestational age had significantly higher hemoglobin levels than non-supplemented subjects, while iron supplementation did not have an effect on final hemoglobin concentration in full-term small-for-gestational-age infants. We conclude that preterm infants, irrespective of their adequacy for gestational age, show evidence of iron deficiency before four months of age. Full-term infants do not develop iron deficiency up to this age.
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PMID:Iron status in low-birth-weight infants, small and appropriate for gestational age. A follow-up study. 142 90

Routinely measuring iron status is necessary because not only are about 6% of Americans in significant negative iron balance, but about 1% have iron overload. Serum ferritin is in equilibrium with body iron stores, and is the only blood test that measures them. Barring inflammation, each one ng (0.0179 pmol) ferritin/ml of serum indicates approximately 10 mg (0.179 mmol) of body iron stores. Very early Stage I positive balance is best recognized by measuring saturation of iron binding capacity. Conversely, serum ferritin best recognizes early (Stage I and II) negative balance. Deviations from normal are: 1. Both stages of iron depletion (i.e. low stores, no dysfunction). Negative iron balance Stage I is reduced iron absorption producing moderately depleted iron stores. Stage II is severely depleted stores, without dysfunction. These stages include over half of all cases of negative iron balance. Treated with iron, they never progress to dysfunction, i.e. to disease. 2. Both stages of iron deficiency. Deficiency is inadequate iron for normal function, i.e. dysfunction, disease. Negative balance Stage III is dysfunction without anemia; Stage IV is with anemia. 3. Positive iron balance: Stage I is a multi-year period without dysfunction. Supplements of iron and/or vitamin C promote progression to dysfunction (disease). Iron removal prevents progression. Stage II is iron overload disease, encompassing years of insidiously progressive damage to tissues and organs from iron overload. Iron removal arrests progression.
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PMID:Iron disorders can mimic anything, so always test for them. 142 81

Zinc protoporphyrin (ZPP) is determined by hematofluorometry of whole blood to detect iron deficiency in blood donors. In hospitalized patients, ZPP did not correlate with established markers of iron status. We performed 4500 ZPP measurements with the Aviv front-face hematofluorometer in samples from 475 patients and measured ferritin, transferrin saturation, hemoglobin, and erythrocyte indices. We found that the fluorometric determination is affected by substances dissolved in plasma but that this interference can be eliminated by using washed erythrocytes. In validation tests the within-day variation was < 3.5%; the day-to-day variation was < 6.8%. In 130 healthy persons without iron deficiency, ZPP was < or = 40 mumol/mol heme, which we consider a normal value. Mean ZPP in 46 iron-deficient patients was 256 (SD 105) mumol/mol heme (correlation with ferritin: -0.73; with hemoglobin: -0.85; P < 0.001). When washed erythrocytes are used, the hematofluorometric determination of ZPP is sensitive and specific for detecting iron deficiency in otherwise healthy individuals and hospitalized patients.
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PMID:Washing erythrocytes to remove interferents in measurements of zinc protoporphyrin by front-face hematofluorometry. 142 8

Peripheral blood hemoglobin levels, serum iron, general serum iron-binding capacity, transferrin saturation with iron, transferrin, serum ferritin and erythrocytic ferritin were studied in 101 clinically normal women. Apparent and latent iron deficiency was rather frequently detected among them. Information on transferrin saturation with iron, erythrocytic ferritins and, particularly, serum ferritin, was most valuable in the estimation of iron deficiency. The combined evaluation of erythrocytic and serum ferritins has permitted the authors to distinguish 5 variants of iron reserves in the body and to avoid discrepancy arising in their individual estimations.
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PMID:[Combined evaluation of iron reserves in women]. 142 14


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