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Query: UMLS:C0240066 (iron deficiency)
 7,156 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Investigations for exploring the frequency and pathogenesis of anaemia were carried out in 164 female pupils of a minicipal grammar school for girls aged from 14 to 20 years. There were lowered haematocrit values below 37% in 81 cases (49%), which were due to iron deficiency in 31 girls. Only in one case a lowered vitamin B12 level was detected and in 8 girls there was a lowered folic acid content in the serum. The frequency of anaemia in girls of school age mainly caused by iron deficiency is emphasized.
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PMID:[Anemia in female adolescents]. 7 32

65 patients of gestational age 35.4 weeks, and of average age 27.7 were investigated during postpartum after delivery of stillborn babies, to measure hemoglobin, serum assay of iron, total iron binding capacity (TIBC), folates level, and vitamin B 12 level. Comparison with a series of 270 women in their third trimester of pregnancy showed that the first group of patients had lower mean hemoglobin level, lower serum iron level, lower TIBC, and lower serum folate level. There was no difference in transferrin saturation, and serum vitamin B 12 was higher. The percentage of anemic women was 50% versus 20% in the larger group; however, there was no difference in the prevalence of iron deficiency. There also was a direct correlation with B12 and serum folate. Further studies are needed to validate these findings.
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PMID:[Anemia in pregnancy: III. Hematologic data in Mexican mothers with non viable infants]. 52 58

Of 125 pregnant women, of whom 81 were treated and 44 not treated, 14 (12,5%) were found to be suffering from anemia, with a hemoglobin count to be diminished. In 31 cases iron deficiency was established and in 8 women vitamin B12 in serum was reduced. Iron and vitamin deficiencies were found more frequently in the non-treated group than in the treated group.
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PMID:[Serum folic acid, vitamin b12 and iron values during pregnancy (author's transl)]. 60 35

After introductory remarks on the physiology of blood during pregnancy the authors enter the two most frequent anaemias of pregnancy, which are evoked by iron deficiency and infection, as well as the megaloblastic, which are evoked by deficiency of folic acid--more infrequently also by deficiency of vitamin B12. The diagnostic and therapeutic principles are described in detail. It is only in short referred to the very rare haemolytic and toxic farms of anaemia, it is generally renounced to describe the haemorrhagic anaemia. A prophylaxis of the anaemia of pregnancy is intensely recommended.
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PMID:[Pregnancy anemias]. 67 12

The percentage of fat-cell areas in bone marrow particles from 22 patients with untreated myelomatosis was estimated. In only 1 patient was the mean fat cell area below 25% of the bone marrow area measured. A negative correlation was found between the area of fat cells and plasma cells, indicating a displacement of the fat cell area by the plasma cells. 28% of the patients had empty bone marrow deposits of iron. However, based on a normal iron saturation of S-transferrin and a normal sideroblast count in the bone marrow, the supply of iron to the erythropoiesis was considered sufficient. All patients but one had normoblastic bone marrows. Using a deoxyuridine suppression test in 10 patients, no biochemical defect could be demonstrated. To judge from the correlation coefficient a minor degree (9-14%) of the variation in Hb values could be predicted from the cellularity in the bone marrow while a major degree (70%) could be predicted from the renal glomerular filtration rate. The results do not support a displacement of blood-forming elements, iron deficiency, vitamin B12 or folic acid deficiency to be of general significance in the pathogenesis of anaemia, but agrees with a causal relationship between anaemia and renal failure.
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PMID:Bone marrow studies in myelomatosis. 71 78

As part of a study of anemia associated with oral contraceptive use, serum vitamin B12 levels, unsaturated B12-binding capacity, and B12 binder fractionation were examined in 67 consecutive mildly anemic (hemoglobin levels below 13 gm%) women using oral contraceptives and 59 such women using other means of birth control. Results were correlated with hematologic parameters such as complete blood counts and evaluation of iron status. Hemoglobin levels were significantly lower (p 0.01) in the non-oral-contraceptive group, while serum iron levels were significantly higher (p 0.05) in the oral contraceptive group and fewer oral contraceptive users demonstrated iron-deficiency anemia. While no B12-deficient subjects were found, serum B12 levels were significantly lower among oral contraceptive users (p 0.05), but differences were more striking between iron-deficient and non-iron deficient subjects, regardless of oral contraceptive status (p 0.02). The role of iron status needs further clarification as the finding of higher serum B12 levels in iron-deficient subjects contrasts with previous reports of lower B12 levels in cases of disease-related iron deficiency. Moreover, the relationship between iron status and serum B12 level was significant only in the oral contraceptive group. Among pill users, iron deficiency was most frequent in those taking sequential rather than combination preparations (67 vs. 39%). Among non-oral-contraceptive subjects, iron deficiency incidence was 96% in IUD users. Serum unsaturated B12 binding capacity was unaffected by pill use, but pill users showed significantly higher transcobalamin I levels, correlating best with white blood cell counts. The assumption that this elevation reflects pill effect on protein synthesis is premature, even though a general increase in alpha 1-globulin has been reported in pill users. Transcobalamin II and 3rd binder levels were not affected and did not correlate with white blood counts. The correlation between UBBC levels and white blood cell counts was significant in both oral contraceptive and non-oral-contraceptive groups. In contrast to previous findings, UBBC could not correlated with any iron parameter.
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PMID:Serum vitamin B12 and B12-binding protein levels associated with oral contraceptives. 72 97

1. Low serum B12 levels can be measured with considerable precision by microbiological assay with the Euglena gracilis assay and B12 deficiency can be recognised with a high level of consistency by either the Euglena or L. leichmannii assays. Either method is ideally suited for the assay of large numbers of specimens. The Lactobacillus leichmanii technique requires preliminary extraction of protein and it has been suggested that this may be a source of inaccuracy. 2. The radioisotope dilution assay should be the ideal method of measuring B12 levels in small or moderate numbers of specimens for it is a simple method that can be carried out in any laboratory with suitable counting equipment. After many false starts the conditions required for accurate assay are now understood. Each of 40 to 50 radioisotopic dilution techniques that have been introduced claims to be capable of differentiating B12 deficiency from control subjects but the reported correlations between the actual levels found in the two different assays are variable and the levels may be much higher with some radioisotopic methods. 3. The subnormal serum levels which are found in pernicious anaemia with all these techniques indicate severe reduction of the liver B12 level. A low serum B12 level in other conditions has, in the absence of associated folate or iron deficiency, the same significance. If the fall in the serum B12 level is associated with folate or iron deficiency, the tissue B12 levels are usually reduced but not to the low levels found in B12 deficiency states. 4. In practice, a subnormal B12 level is a valuable pointer not only to unsuspected pernicious anaemia but also to other gastrointestinal or nutritional disorders. The significance of a fall in the B12 level can only be understood if its cause is defined by a full clinical and gastroenterological investigation. 5. Falsely low serum B12 levels are found under certain iatrogenic conditions and B12 levels may be normal in spite of cellular deficiency of B12 under the rare circumstances of pernicious anaemia being associated with chronic myeloid leukaemia or when there is deficiency of TC 2.
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PMID:The serum vitamin B12 level: its assay and significance. 82 83

Various factors are involved in the pathogenesis of anemia in dialysis patients. Reduced erythropoiesis is mainly attributed to erythropoietin deficiency. Stimulation of erythropoiesis may be promoted by androgens. Substitution of iron is recommended in case of iron deficiency. As a rule, supplementation of vitamin B12 is not necessary, but administration of folic acid is recommended. Treatment of anemia in renal failure is rendered more effective by increased technical efficiency in hemodialysis permitting a relatively protein-rich diet. Blood transfusions are not necessary during routine treatment of dialysis. Since bilateral nephrectomy will always provoke severe anemia, it should be reserved to special cases of severe hypertension. Until now, no conservative therapy has been developed which would allow optimal treatment of anemia in dialysis patients. Successful renal transplantation still is, and will be, the best therapeutic intervention.
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PMID:[Anemia in terminal kidney failure. Pathogenesis and therapy]. 83 56

The anemia observed in patients with partial gastric resection results from a complex interrelationship of deficiencies of these three important hematemics-iron, vitamin B12, and folic acid. Reliance upon morphological evidence of anemia in the peripheral blood smear may be difficult and confusing since deficiency of one hematemic may mask the coexisting deficiency of another. It is common for deficiencies of more than one hematemic to occur in these patients. A number of studies have demonstrated the masking effect of iron deficiency on concurrent vitamin B12 or folic acid deficiency. In addition, the morphologic hallmarks of iron deficiency may be modified by the presence of deficiencies of either vitamin B12 or folate or both. Full hematologic recovery may not occur until more than one hematemic is given to the patient. It is our policy at the University of Florida to rely on serum levels of these three hematemics, especially vitamin B12 and iron, to detect the cause of the anemia in a patient with partial gastric resection. Less reliance is placed upon the appearance of the peripheral smear because of the masking effect described above. If either the serum iron level or vitamin B12 level is decreased, we treat the patient with a preparation such as ferrous sulfate (300 mg. orally three times a day) and vitamin B12 (100 mug. intramuscularly once a month). We are less concerned with folic acid deficiency because of its relatively infrequent occurrence in this setting and because a good diet will usually suffice as adequate therapy for the folic acid deficiency when present. In patients who have had partial gastric resection but who are not anemic, we assess vitamin B12 absorption by the conventional vitamin B12 urinary excretion test (Schilling test) on a yearly basis since deficiency of this hematemic may lead to serious hematologic and neurologic sequelae. If the patient manifests decreased vitamin B12 absorption uncorrected by the administration of pancreatic extract or antibiotics, this patient is also treated with 100 mug. of vitamin B12 intramuscularly on a monthly basis. We have not evaluated the absorption of food B12 as suggested by Doscherholmen. Perhaps more attention should be paid to this aspect of vitamin B12 absorption in these patients. Indeed, because of the serious complications of vitamin B12 deficiency and the observations that deficiencies of this vitamin may occur even when the absorption of crystalline vitamin B12 is normal in the fasting state (the conventional Schilling test), some authors, such as Rygvold, have suggested that prophylactic vitamin B12 be administered to all patients with partial gastric resection.
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PMID:Hematologic abnormalities following gastric resection. 95 76

Alterations in reticulocyte size occur 2-3 days after the onset of iron deficient or megaloblastic erythropoiesis and precede, by several weeks, changes in mean corpuscular volume (MCV). Iron-deficiency anemia induced in a normal subject by repeated phlebotomies was characterized by the initial development of larger than normal reticulocytes followed by an abrupt decrease in reticulocyte size. Microreticulocytes appeared 3 days after the fall in per cent iron saturation and antedated the decrease in MCV to below normal by 6 wk. Mean reticulocyte size was disproportionately smaller than normal in patients presenting with iron deficiency. In contrast, reticulocyte size increased abruptly in a patient (and rats) 2-3 days after administration of methotrexate. Mean reticulocyte size was disproportionately larger than normal in patients presenting with folate or vitamin B12 deficiency. Specific replacement therapy with iron, folate, or vitamin B12 was quickly followed by normalization of reticulocyte size.
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PMID:Reticulocyte size in nutritional anemias. 97 64


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