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Query: UMLS:C0240066 (iron deficiency)
 7,156 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Hemoglobin (Hb) concentration, serum iron level, iron binding capacity and blood folate (Lactobacillus casei) activity were determined in 310 unselected pregnant Burmese women. Hb concentration was less than 11 g/dl in 72% of the women; the serum iron level was less than 50 mug/dl in 33%; serum folate activity was less than 3ng/ml in 13%; and red cell folate activity was less than 100 ng/ml in 17% of the women. Ninety-six of the women in our study were randomly divided into four groups, treated from the 22nd to the 25th week of pregnancy until full term with either ferrous sulfate containing 60 mg elemental iron twice daily, 5 mg folic acid twice daily, a combination of both, or a placebo only. At full term, Hb concentration fell in the groups given placebo or folic acid. On the other hand, in the groups given iron alone or iron plus folic acid there was an increase in Hb of 0.4 and 0.7 g/dl, respectively (intergroup difference not statistically significant). Serum iron and blood folate levels fell in the groups not receiving the appropriate hematinic. In spite of deficient serum and red cell folate levels in 30 and 40%, respectively, of the group on iron alone, the mean Hb concentration increased at full term and none of the women had a Hb concentration lower than 10 g/dl. Blood folate levels were lower in the iron-supplemented group than in the placebo group, indicating that iron deficiency does not aggravate the folate nutritional status.
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PMID:A prophylactic trial of iron and folic acid supplements in pregnant Burmese women. 13 64

As part of a study of anemia associated with oral contraceptive use, serum vitamin B12 levels, unsaturated B12-binding capacity, and B12 binder fractionation were examined in 67 consecutive mildly anemic (hemoglobin levels below 13 gm%) women using oral contraceptives and 59 such women using other means of birth control. Results were correlated with hematologic parameters such as complete blood counts and evaluation of iron status. Hemoglobin levels were significantly lower (p 0.01) in the non-oral-contraceptive group, while serum iron levels were significantly higher (p 0.05) in the oral contraceptive group and fewer oral contraceptive users demonstrated iron-deficiency anemia. While no B12-deficient subjects were found, serum B12 levels were significantly lower among oral contraceptive users (p 0.05), but differences were more striking between iron-deficient and non-iron deficient subjects, regardless of oral contraceptive status (p 0.02). The role of iron status needs further clarification as the finding of higher serum B12 levels in iron-deficient subjects contrasts with previous reports of lower B12 levels in cases of disease-related iron deficiency. Moreover, the relationship between iron status and serum B12 level was significant only in the oral contraceptive group. Among pill users, iron deficiency was most frequent in those taking sequential rather than combination preparations (67 vs. 39%). Among non-oral-contraceptive subjects, iron deficiency incidence was 96% in IUD users. Serum unsaturated B12 binding capacity was unaffected by pill use, but pill users showed significantly higher transcobalamin I levels, correlating best with white blood cell counts. The assumption that this elevation reflects pill effect on protein synthesis is premature, even though a general increase in alpha 1-globulin has been reported in pill users. Transcobalamin II and 3rd binder levels were not affected and did not correlate with white blood counts. The correlation between UBBC levels and white blood cell counts was significant in both oral contraceptive and non-oral-contraceptive groups. In contrast to previous findings, UBBC could not correlated with any iron parameter.
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PMID:Serum vitamin B12 and B12-binding protein levels associated with oral contraceptives. 72 97

On a field trip toSaudi Arabia (M.A.F.E.H.) in which the relationship between alpha-thalassemia and iron deficiency was studied, a fast moving hemoglobin variant was noted in a 30 year old Saudi Arabian woman. Analysis of the hemoglobin variant showed that the amino acid substitution was beta120 Lys replaced by Asn. This variant had not been described previously and has been named Hb Riyadh. There was also present an alpha-thalassemia and details are given of the imbalance of globin chain synthesis. It was possible to improve considerably the balance in vitro by the addition of hemin.
Hemoglobin
PMID:Hemoglobin Riyadh--alpha2beta2 (120(GH3)Lys replaced by Asn). A new variant found in association with alpha-thalassemia and iron deficiency. 105 71

Interrelationships between oral contraceptives and dietary lipids on iron and copper levels in plasma and tissues were investigated in rats. Diets containing either 20% (by weight) safflower oil or hydrogenated coconut oil with and without cholesterol (0.5%) were fed to weanling, female, Wistar-strain rats for a period of 19 weeks. Three types of oral contraceptive agents differing in estrogen/progesterone ratios were administered during weeks 16 through 19 of the experiment. Control rats received the dietary treatment without oral contraceptives. Hemoglobin concentration, hematocrit, red blood cell counts, mean cell hemoglobin and hemoglobin concentration, and mean cell volume values were similar among the various dietary and drug-treatment groups. Elevated levels of copper were found in livers of drug-treated animals fed diets containing cholesterol and safflower oil, whereas levels of copper or iron in spleen and kidney were not influenced by oral contraceptives. Dietary safflower or coconut oil had no influence on levels of iron or copper in plasma. However, iron levels were higher in liver, spleen, and kidneys of rats fed coconut oil compared with those fed safflower oil. Cholesterol-fed rats had reduced levels of iron in plasma and tissues and increased levels of copper in plasma and liver. Iron deficiency in cholesterol-fed rats was indicated by low levels of iron in plasma, liver, spleen, and kidney. In experiment 2, animals were fed the 20% safflower oil diet, with and without sodium glycocholate or cholesterol, to determine whether the apparent malabsorption of iron resulted from sodium glycocholate or cholesterol. Sodium glycocholate resulted in a marked increase in the absorption of iron, whereas cholesterol depressed absorption.
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PMID:Influence of dietary lipids on iron and copper levels of rats administered oral contraceptives. 115 20

Iron status of pregnant women at different stages of pregnancy was evaluated by comparing values for hemoglobin (Hb), red cell indices, serum iron (SI), transferrin saturation (TS) and serum ferritin (SF) values with those of a group of non-pregnant women of comparable age and socio-economic status. Mean SF values on the second and third trimesters (9.3 +/- 2.60 ng/ml and 7.1 +/- 2.19 ng/ml) were significantly lower compared to that in the first trimester (22.6 +/- 2.20 ng/ml). These levels were also lower than that found in the non-pregnant controls. The trend was the same for TS. Hemoglobin levels of the pregnant subjects were significantly lower than those of the non-pregnant women. Prevalence of iron deficiency based on SF < 12.0 ng/ml and TS < 16.0% was highest at term and lowest during the first trimester indicating a decrease in iron stores as pregnancy progressed. Sensitivity for each of the iron parameters was computed, and it was found that for the diagnosis of iron deficiency in pregnant women, SF has a greater sensitivity than TS, SI, MCV and MCH.
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PMID:Iron status of pregnant Filipino women as measured by serum ferritin. 129 75

Between 1970-1990, the Laboratory tested 38,391 specimens for hemoglobinopathies, of which 7,935 were positive. The major abnormalities detected were beta thalassemia trait (4,688), alpha thalassemia trait (1,248) and sickle cell trait (847). Clinically significant hemoglobinopathies detected were Hemoglobin H disease (100), sickle cell disease (67) and sickle cell Hemoglobin C disease (79). Hemoglobinopathies are therefore common in the Hamilton area as a reflection of the cultural diversity of area citizens. Of the 49 patients with thalassemia without documented iron deficiency, 8 (16%) received iron therapy for a variable period of time and 3 were investigated for gastrointestinal blood loss. Hemoglobin abnormalities cause or have the potential to cause clinical disease and they can, if not detected, result in unnecessary iron therapy or gastrointestinal investigation.
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PMID:The clinical significance of hemoglobinopathies in the Hamilton region: a twenty-year review. 145 12

Standard methods (questionnaires, peripheral blood count, iron pool) were employed to study epidemiology (prevalence and risk factors) of iron deficiency in the women of the Altai mountains and the relation of this deficiency with essential nutrition. Hemoglobin dispersion was found to depend on fuel value of the ration, total protein levels, polyunsaturated fatty acid content.
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PMID:[The iron deficiency status and the actual nutrition of women in Gorno-Altai]. 146 14

A total of 160 multiparous women with iron deficiency anemia (IDA) who have 4 and more children were under study. Hemoglobin parameters in patients with non-severe anemia (n = 64) fluctuated from 119 to 90 g/l, in patients with moderate severity (n = 60) from 89 to 70 g/l, in those with severe stage of anemia--69 g/l and lower. The latent anemia group consisted of women whose hemoglobin values were 120 g/l and higher, however, the figures characterizing serum iron, transferrin and ferritin content evidenced iron deficiency. Parameters of serum iron, transferrin and ferritin metabolism were studied in all the patients. Decreased levels of serum iron and ferritin and a compensatory increase of transferrin content were recorded. Manifest signs of acquired dyserythropoiesis and a significant increase of ineffective erythropoiesis (34.96 +/- 0.89%) were demonstrated in myelograms. It has been recommended that routine measures used for the treatment of IDA in multiparous women should be supplemented by anabolic agents and blood substitutes for protein parenteral nutrition.
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PMID:[Iron metabolism, hemopoiesis, prevention and treatment of iron deficiency anemia in multiparous women]. 151 97

The relationship between iron status and degree of infection by Schistosoma haematobium was examined in 174 schoolchildren from Niger in an area endemic for urinary schistosomiasis. Iron deficiency was defined by a combination of 3 reliable indicators: a low serum ferritin level combined with a low transferrin saturation, a high erythrocyte protoporphyrin level, or both. Hematuria and proteinuria were seen in 76.4% and 79.9% of the children, respectively, while 95.4% excreted eggs (geometric mean egg count of 31.5 eggs/10 ml of urine). Anemia was seen in 59.7% of the subjects. The prevalence of iron deficiency was 47.1%. Anemia was associated with iron deficiency in 57.7% of the cases. Hemoglobin level and transferrin saturation decreased significantly when the degree of hematuria increased, while prevalence of anemia and iron deficiency increased significantly. The hemoglobin level and hematocrit were negatively correlated with egg count, while anemia prevalence increased with increasing egg count. This inverse relationship between degree of infection by s. haematobium and iron status shows a deleterious consequence of urinary schistosomiasis on nutrition and hematopoietic status, which should be considered in the design of nutrition intervention programs.
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PMID:Consequences of Schistosoma haematobium infection on the iron status of schoolchildren in Niger. 152 42

The world's leading nutritional problem is iron deficiency. 66% of children and women aged 15-44 years in developing countries have it. Further, 10-20% of women of childbearing age in developed countries are anemic. Iron deficiency is identified with often irreversible impairment of a child's learning ability. It is also associated with low capacity for adults to work which reduces productivity. In addition, it impairs the immune system which reduces the body's ability to fight infection. Iron deficiency also lowers the metabolic rate and the body temperature when exposed to cold. Hemoglobin contains nearly 73% of the body's iron. This iron is always being recycled as more red blood cells are made. The rest of the needed iron does important tasks for the body, such as binds to molecules that are reservoirs of oxygen for muscle cells. This iron comes from our diet, especially meat. Even though some plants, such as spinach, are high in iron, the body can only absorb 1.4-7% of the iron in plants whereas it can absorb 20% of the iron in red meat. In many developing countries, the common vegetarian diets contribute to high rates of iron deficiency. Parasitic diseases and abnormal uterine bleeding also promote iron deficiency. Iron therapy in anemic children can often, but not always, improve behavior and cognitive performance. Iron deficiency during pregnancy often contributes to maternal and perinatal mortality. Yet treatment, if given to a child in time, can lead to normal growth and hinder infections. However, excess iron can be damaging. Too much supplemental iron in a malnourished child promotes fatal infections since the excess iron is available for the pathogens use. Many countries do not have an effective system for diagnosing, treating, and preventing iron deficiency. Therefore a concerted international effort is needed to eliminate iron deficiency in the world.
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PMID:Iron deficiency. 174


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