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Query: UMLS:C0240066 (iron deficiency)
 7,156 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Concentration of malonic dialdehyde (MDA) and activity of antioxidant enzymes G-6-PD, glutation peroxidase (GP), glutation reductase, catalase, superoxide dismutase were measured in red cells of patients with polycythemia vera. Plasmic ions Fe3+ were estimated by means of electron-paramagnetic resonance. MDA concentration and antioxidant enzymes (except GP) in polycythemia red cells were found increased, while the activity of selenium-dependent GP was reduced, the inhibition being greatest in severe iron deficiency. It is suggested that GP activity in red cells depends on both selenium levels in the body and concentrations of non-hematic iron.
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PMID:[Erythremia: the activity of erythrocyte antioxidant enzymes and the association with iron deficiency]. 921 64

Cadmium, lead, mercury, and aluminum are toxic metals that may interact metabolically with nutritionally essential metals. Iron deficiency increases absorption of cadmium, lead, and aluminum. Lead interacts with calcium in the nervous system to impair cognitive development. Cadmium and aluminum interact with calcium in the skeletal system to produce osteodystrophies. Lead replaces zinc on heme enzymes and cadmium replaces zinc on metallothionein. Selenium protects from mercury and methylmercury toxicity. Aluminum interacts with calcium in bone and kidneys, resulting in aluminum osteodystrophy. Calcium deficiency along with low dietary magnesium may contribute to aluminum-induced degenerative nervous disease.
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PMID:Toxic and essential metal interactions. 924 Sep 18

We evaluated the effect of one year of supplementation with iron plus zinc (12 mg/day of Fe+++ and 12.5 mg/day of Zn++), zinc alone (12.5 mg/day of Zn++) and placebo on growth and on the iron, zinc, copper and selenium tissue contents in 30 well-selected children of short stature (16 M and 14 F; 4-11 years old). Before and after supplementation, we measured the concentrations of iron, transferrin, ferritin, zinc and copper in serum, of zinc in erythrocytes and leukocytes, and of zinc, copper and selenium in hair, as well as glutathione peroxidase activity in erythrocytes. Before supplementation, ferritin and serum, erythrocyte and hair zinc contents were significantly lower than in age-matched controls, while the other measured indices were in the normal range. Iron plus zinc supplementation caused an improvement in growth rate in all subjects, i.e., the median Z-score increased from -2.22 +/- 0.45 to -0.64 +/- 0.55; (p < 0.01). In the zinc-supplemented group, only the subjects whose ferritin levels were higher than 20 ng/L before supplementation showed a similar improvement of growth rate. Iron plus zinc supplementation could be a reasonable treatment in short, prepubertal children affected by marginal zinc and iron deficiency.
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PMID:Long-term zinc and iron supplementation in children of short stature: effect of growth and on trace element content in tissues. 1044 18

Trace mineral deficiencies may affect several biological functions in humans, including physical growth, psychomotor development and immunity. We have reviewed the mechanisms whereby several trace mineral deficiencies may affect these biological functions at different ages (fetal life, infancy, childhood and adolescence), as well as the evidence supporting this association. We describe the effects of zinc deficiency on the hormonal regulation of growth and sexual development in both humans and animal models. We provide data regarding the effects of iron deficiency on growth and psychomotor development. We mention the effects of copper, manganese, selenium and iodine deficiencies on growth and development. We conclude that iron deficiency may affect psychomotor development, but does not appear to affect growth. Zinc deficiency may cause growth retardation and psychomotor delay.
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PMID:Trace minerals in human growth and development. 1070 30

Trace mineral deficiencies may affect several biological functions in humans, including physical growth, psychomotor development and immunity. We have reviewed the mechanisms whereby several trace mineral deficiencies may affect these biological functions at different ages (fetal life, infancy, childhood and adolescence), as well as the evidence supporting this association. We describe the effects of zinc deficiency on the hormonal regulation of growth and sexual development in both humans and animal models. We provide data regarding the effects of iron deficiency on growth and psychomotor development. We mention the effects of copper, manganese, selenium and iodine deficiencies on growth and development. We conclude that iron deficiency may affect psychomotor development, but does not appear to affect growth. Zinc deficiency may cause growth retardation and psychomotor delay.
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PMID:Trace minerals in human growth and development. 1085 88

Vitamins and minerals, referred to collectively as micronutrients, have important influences on the health of pregnant women and the growing fetus. Iron deficiency results in anemia which may increase the risk of death from hemorrhage during delivery, but its effects on fetal development and birth outcomes is still unclear. Folic acid deficiency can lead to hematological consequences, pregnancy complications and congenital malformations, but again the association with other birth outcomes is equivocal. Zinc deficiency has been associated in some, but not all studies with complications of pregnancy and delivery, as well as with growth retardation, congenital abnormalities and retarded neurobehavioral and immunological development in the fetus. Iodine deficiency during pregnancy results in cretinism and possible fetal wastage and preterm delivery. Deficiency of other minerals such as magnesium, selenium, copper, and calcium have also been associated with complications of pregnancy, childbirth or fetal development. Deficiencies of vitamins other than folate may likewise be related to such complications; and vitamin A or beta-carotene supplements in pregnancy reduced maternal mortality by 50 % in a controlled trial in Nepal. Additional research is need on the prevalence of such deficiencies and their consequences and on cost-effective public health interventions for their control.
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PMID:Micronutrients in pregnancy. 1150 10

Several minerals and trace elements are essential for normal thyroid hormone metabolism, e.g., iodine, iron, selenium, and zinc. Coexisting deficiencies of these elements can impair thyroid function. Iron deficiency impairs thyroid hormone synthesis by reducing activity of heme-dependent thyroid peroxidase. Iron-deficiency anemia blunts and iron supplementation improves the efficacy of iodine supplementation. Combined selenium and iodine deficiency leads to myxedematous cretinism. The normal thyroid gland retains high selenium concentrations even under conditions of inadequate selenium supply and expresses many of the known selenocysteine-containing proteins. Among these selenoproteins are the glutathione peroxidase, deiodinase, and thioredoxine reductase families of enzymes. Adequate selenium nutrition supports efficient thyroid hormone synthesis and metabolism and protects the thyroid gland from damage by excessive iodide exposure. In regions of combined severe iodine and selenium deficiency, normalization of iodine supply is mandatory before initiation of selenium supplementation in order to prevent hypothyroidism. Selenium deficiency and disturbed thyroid hormone economy may develop under conditions of special dietary regimens such as long-term total parenteral nutrition, phenylketonuria diet, cystic fibrosis, or may be the result of imbalanced nutrition in children, elderly people, or sick patients.
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PMID:The impact of iron and selenium deficiencies on iodine and thyroid metabolism: biochemistry and relevance to public health. 1248 69

The emerging public health importance of zinc and selenium and the continuing public health challenges of iron and iodine draw attention to the unmet need for improved biomarkers of trace element status. Currently available biomarkers of these four trace elements are critiqued including the outstanding lack of satisfactory biomarkers for the assessment of zinc intake and status. Other trace elements are reviewed briefly including copper, for which human dietary deficiencies and excesses have been documented, and chromium, which is of possible but unconfirmed public health significance. Evolving strategies of considerable potential include molecular techniques such as the measurement of metallothionein mRNA in lymphocytes as a biomarker of zinc status, an assay that can now be performed with a dried blood spot. The judicious application of tracer techniques also has a role in advancing the quality of zinc biomarkers. Also of special current interest is full definition of the potential of plasma-soluble transferrin receptor concentrations as the biomarker of choice for the detection of early functional iron deficiency.
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PMID:Biomarkers of trace mineral intake and status. 1261 81

Iron and selenium are trace elements necessary for the maintenance of life and health. Iron deficiency is the most common nutritional deficiency among children in the world. The purpose of this study was to evaluate plasma selenium concentrations in children with iron deficiency anemia (IDA). Plasma selenium levels were investigated in 56 children with IDA and in 48 control subjects aged 1-8 years. A spectrofluorometric method was used for the determination. Plasma selenium concentrations in children with IDA (33.6+/-8.2 microg/l) were significantly lower than in the control group (56.0+/-17.0 microg/l) (p<0.001). However, there was no relation between plasma selenium, iron and hemoglobin concentrations.
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PMID:Plasma selenium status in children with iron deficiency anemia. 1564 68

Extensive data from animal and human studies indicate that iron deficiency impairs thyroid metabolism. The aim of this study was to determine thyroid hormone status in iron-deficient adolescent girls. By stepwise random sampling from among all public high schools for girls in Lar and its vicinity in southern Iran, 103 out of 431 iron deficient subjects were selected. Urine and serum samples were collected and assayed for urinary iodine and serum ferritin, iron, total iron binding capacity (TIBC), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3), free thyroid hormones (fT4 and fT3), triiodothyronine resin uptake (T3RU), reverse triiodothyronine (rT3), selenium and albumin concentrations. Hematological indices for iron status confirmed that all subjects were iron-deficient. There was a significant correlation between T4 and ferritin (r = 0.52, P < 0.001) and between TSH and ferritin (r = -0.3, P < 0.05). Subjects with low serum ferritin had a higher ratio of T3/T4 (r = -0.42, P < 0.01). Using stepwise regression analysis, only ferritin contributed significantly to the rT3 concentration (r = -0.35, P < 0.01). The results indicate that the degree of iron deficiency may affect thyroid hormone status in iron-deficient adolescent girls.
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PMID:The relationship between iron status and thyroid hormone concentration in iron-deficient adolescent Iranian girls. 1650 Aug 78


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