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Query: UMLS:C0240066 (iron deficiency)
 7,156 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The Danish Nutrition Council has examined the latest scientific literature on nutrition during pregnancy to evaluate the basis for the existing official recommendations. The recommendation to overweight women to gain only eight kilo should be accompanied with a recommendation to lose weight pre-conceptionally. Individualised recommendations should be provided in the prevention of iron deficiency, and the recommendation for calcium should include information on quantity. The recommendation of periconceptional folic acid supplementation does not benefit unplanned pregnancies. Arguments exist for adding a recommendation for vitamin D.
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PMID:[The scientific basis of current official dietary recommendations in relation to pregnancy]. 1601 67

Exposure of erythrocytes to osmotic shock, oxidative stress, and energy depletion activates Cl--sensitive and Ca2+-permeable cation channels. Subsequent Ca2+ entry triggers eryptosis, characterized by erythrocyte shrinkage, membrane blebbing, and phosphatidylserine exposure all features typical for apoptotic death of nucleated cells. Erythrocytes exposing phosphatidylserine are recognized, bound, engulfed, and degraded by macrophages. Eryptosis thus fosters clearance of affected erythrocytes from circulating blood. Iron deficiency leads to anemia, in part by decreasing erythrocyte life span. In this study, phosphatidylserine exposure, cell size, and cytosolic Ca2+ were measured by FACS analysis of annexin-V binding, forward scatter, and Fluo-3 fluorescence, respectively. Erythrocytes from mice on control diet were compared with erythrocytes from mice exposed 10 weeks to iron-deficient diet. Iron deficiency significantly (P<0.001) enhanced erythrocyte annexin-V binding (from 2.4 to 3.7%), decreased forward scatter (from 544 to 393), and increased cytosolic Ca2+ concentration. 45Ca2+ flux measurements and patch clamp experiments revealed enhanced Ca2+ uptake (by 2.3-fold) and cation channel activity. The half-life of fluorescence-labeled, iron-deficient, or Ca2+-loaded erythrocytes was significantly reduced compared with control erythrocytes. Thus, the experiments reveal a novel mechanism triggered by iron deficiency, which presumably contributes to accelerated clearance of erythrocytes in iron deficiency anemia.
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PMID:Enhanced programmed cell death of iron-deficient erythrocytes. 1637 27

Pathways mediating pulmonary metal uptake remain unknown. Because absorption of iron and manganese could involve similar mechanisms, transferrin (Tf) and transferrin receptor (TfR) expression in rat lungs was examined. Tf mRNA was detected in bronchial epithelium, type II alveolar cells, macrophages, and bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT). Tf protein levels in lung and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid did not change in iron deficiency despite increased plasma levels, suggesting that lung Tf concentrations are regulated by local synthesis in a manner independent of body iron status. Iron oxide exposure upregulated Tf mRNA in bronchial and alveolar epithelium, macrophages, and BALT, but protein was not significantly increased. In contrast, TfR mRNA and protein were both upregulated by iron deficiency. To examine potential interactions with lung Tf, rats were intratracheally instilled with (54)Mn or (59)Fe. Unlike (59)Fe, interactions between (54)Mn and Tf in lung fluid were not detected. Absorption of intratracheally instilled (54)Mn from the lungs to the blood was unimpaired in Belgrade rats homozygous for the functionally defective G185R allele of divalent metal transporter-1, indicating that this transporter is also not involved in pulmonary manganese absorption. Pharmacological studies of (54)Mn uptake by A549 cells suggest that metal uptake by type II alveolar epithelial cells is associated with activities of both L-type Ca(2+) channels and TRPM7, a member of the transient receptor potential melastatin subfamily. These results demonstrate that iron and manganese are absorbed by the pulmonary epithelium through different pathways and reveal the potential role for nonselective calcium channels in lung metal clearance.
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PMID:Manganese and iron transport across pulmonary epithelium. 1642 68

We previously reported that severe iron deficiency negatively affects bone microarchitecture. Here we determined whether marginal iron restriction that reflects some human consumption patterns could have similar consequences. Thirty-two weanling female rats were randomly divided into four groups and fed the following diets for 10 weeks: (i) iron-adequate, calcium-adequate (FeA:CaA), (ii) calcium-restricted (FeA:CaR), (iii) iron-restricted (FeR:CaA), and (iv) both calcium- and iron-restricted (FeR:CaR) diets. DEXA analysis revealed that CaR decreased bone mineral density (BMD), and FeR decreased whole-body bone mineral content (BMC). Iron-restricted and calcium-restricted groups had lower BMD than did their adequate counterparts. All treatment-restricted groups had lower BMD in the fourth lumbar (L-4) vertebrae than the FeA:CaA group. Vertebrae BMD was lower in all treatment groups compared to the control group, and for BMC, the CaR groups were lower than the CaA groups and the FeR groups were lower that the FeA groups, and BMC were lower in iron- and calcium-restricted groups. The microarchitecture of the L-4 vertebrae was compromised in FeA:CaR, FeR:CaA, and FeR:CaR: (i) the connectivity density was reduced by FeR and by CaR; and (ii) trabecular number was decreased and trabecular separation was increased by FeR. Cortical thickness of the femur was reduced by both FeR and CaR. Finite element analysis revealed that L-4 vertebrae from the FeR:CaA group had greater internal stress with an applied force than the FeA:CaA group and, thus, would be more likely to break. Chelation of iron in cultured osteoblast cells impaired mineralization but had no impact upon Type I collagen deposition. Iron depletion, similar to that occurring among some human populations, reduced bone strength and microarchitecture based on the in vivo and in vitro results reported here. Impaired mineralization with iron depletion appears to be a possible mechanism for the observed bone abnormalities.
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PMID:Iron restriction negatively affects bone in female rats and mineralization of hFOB osteoblast cells. 1656 33

The levels of three essential minerals Ca, Fe and Mg and the extent of their availability were assessed in four commonly eaten Caribbean tuber crops [dasheen (Xanthosoma spp.), Irish potato (Solanum tuberosum), sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) and yellow yam (Dioscorea cayenensis)] in their processed and unprocessed states. Calcium was highest in cooked dasheen (5150+/-50 mg/kg) while Magnesium was highest in uncooked Irish potato (3600+/-200 mg/kg). There was no significant loss of calcium from the food samples upon cooking. All the uncooked food samples displayed higher levels minerals assessed compared to the cooked samples except for cooked Irish potato that recorded the level of iron (182.25+/-8.75 mg/kg). Availability of these minerals in the cooked and uncooked tubers crops upon digestion also showed a similar pattern. In conclusion, the consumption of these tuber crops in the Caribbean may not be responsible for the reported cases of iron deficiency in the region. However, the availability of minerals from these tuber crops when consumed with other foods (the usual practice in the Caribbean) needs further investigation.
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PMID:In vitro availability of some essential minerals in commonly eaten processed and unprocessed Caribbean tuber crops. 1675 16

Few data exist concerning preoperative nutritional status in patients undergoing bariatric surgery. We retrospectively analyzed the preoperative values of serum albumin, calcium, 25-OH vitamin D, iron, ferritin, hemoglobin, vitamin B12, and thiamine in 379 consecutive patients (320 women and 59 men; mean body mass index 51.8 +/- 10.6 kg/m2; 25.8% white, 28.4% African American, 45.8% Hispanic) undergoing bariatric surgery between 2002 and 2004. Preoperative deficiencies were noted for iron (43.9%), ferritin (8.4%), hemoglobin (22%; women 19.1%, men 40.7%), thiamine (29%), and 25-OH vitamin D (68.1%). Low ferritin levels were more prevalent in females (9.9% vs. 0%; P = 0.01); however, anemia was more prevalent in males (19.1% vs. 40.7%; P < 0.005). Patients younger than 25 years were more likely to be anemic than patients over 60 years (46% vs. 15%; P < 0.005). This correlated with iron deficiency, which was more prevalent in younger patients (79.2% vs. 41.7%; P < 0.005). Whites (78.8%) and African Americans (70.4%) had a higher prevalence of vitamin D deficiency than Hispanics (56.4%), P = 0.01. Whites were the least likely group to be thiamine deficient (6.8% vs 31.0% African Americans and 47.2% Hispanics; P < 0.005). Nutritional deficiencies are common in patients undergoing Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, and these deficiencies should be detected and corrected early to avoid postoperative complications.
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PMID:Preoperative nutritional status of patients undergoing Roux-en-Y gastric bypass for morbid obesity. 1804 86

People who live in food and water deficit regions of Sahelien West Africa employ various coping strategies as they attempt to meet their food and water needs. In this paper we discuss various coping strategies employed by rural Nigeriens living in the Tanout and Mirriya administrative regions of central Niger. In rural Niger people often harvest or buy wild plant foods to eat. Laboratory studies of the nutritional content of these plants indicate that there are benefits to eating wild plant foods. In this study we summarize the results of field research conducted during the summer of 2002 on the use of wild plant foods in three regions of rural central Niger. Comparing local use of various wild plant foods with major nutrition-related health problems including protein deficiency, essential fatty acid deficiency, iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia, calcium deficiency rickets, and zinc deficiency, suggests potential recommendations for consumption of these plants. However, further research on the bioavailability of these nutrients is needed to confirm the potential benefits of these plants.
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PMID:Coping strategies and nutritional health in rural Niger: recommendations for consumption of wild plant foods in the Sahel. 1713 22

Phytate, a salt of phytic acid (myo-inositol 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexakisphosphate), is found in certain plant-based foods. It strongly chelates minerals, forming insoluble complexes in the small intestine that cannot be digested or absorbed. Information on the phytate content of rice-based diets of children in Northeast Thailand is limited. In this study 1-day weighed duplicate diet composites were collected from 40 Northeast Thai children (age 6-13 years) randomly selected from participants (n=567) of an efficacy trial in Ubon Ratchathani province. Diet composites were analyzed for zinc, iron, and calcium by atomic absorption spectrophotometry, and for phytate (as inositol penta-phosphate and hexa-phosphate) by high-performance liquid chromatography; the accuracy and precision were established using a certified reference material for the minerals and an inter-laboratory comparison for phytate. The median (1st, 3rd quartiles) zinc, iron, and calcium contents of the diet composites were 4.3 (3.7, 6.1), 4.3 (3.2, 6.5) and 130 (82, 216) mg/day, respectively. The inositol penta-phosphate and hexa-phosphate levels were so low they were below the detection limit, attributed in part to leaching of water-soluble potassium and magnesium phytate from glutinous rice after soaking overnight before cooking. Clearly, phytate will not compromise mineral absorption from these diets. Instead, low zinc intakes are probably primarily responsible for the low zinc status of these children. In contrast, although intakes of dietary iron appear low, the prevalence of biochemical iron deficiency was also low, suggesting that iron absorption may have been higher than previously assumed. Whether the low calcium intakes compromise optimal bone health in these growing Northeast Thai school children is unknown.
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PMID:Low zinc, iron, and calcium intakes of Northeast Thai school children consuming glutinous rice-based diets are not exacerbated by high phytate. 1716 30

Calcium and iron play dual roles in neuronal function: they are both essential but when present in excess they cause neuronal damage and may even induce neuronal death. Calcium signals are required for synaptic plasticity, a neuronal process that entails gene expression and which is presumably the cellular counterpart of cognitive brain functions such as learning and memory. Neuronal activity generates cytoplasmic and nuclear calcium signals that in turn stimulate pathways that promote the transcription of genes known to participate in synaptic plasticity. In addition, evidence discussed in this article shows that iron deficiency causes learning and memory impairments that persist following iron repletion, indicating that iron is necessary for normal development of cognitive functions. Recent results from our group indicate that iron is required for long-term potentiation in hippocampal CA1 neurons and that iron stimulates ryanodine receptor-mediated calcium release through ROS produced via the Fenton reaction leading to stimulation of the ERK signaling pathway. These combined results support a coordinated action between iron and calcium in synaptic plasticity and raise the possibility that elevated iron levels may contribute to neuronal degeneration through excessive intracellular calcium increase caused by iron-induced oxidative stress.
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PMID:Calcium, iron and neuronal function. 1750 66

There is little information on the nutritional habits of female football players at any level of the game. There is also a shortage of information on the nutrition and hydration strategies that players should adopt. In general, differences in nutritional needs between males and females are smaller than differences between individuals, so that principles developed for male players also apply to women. There is a need to address energy balance and body composition: prolonged energy deficits cannot be sustained without harm to health and performance. Published reports show mean carbohydrate intakes for female players of about 5 g/kg/day, and this seems to be too low to sustain consistent intensive training. The timing of protein intake may be as important as the amounts consumed, provided that the total intake is adequate. Dehydration adversely affects skill and stamina in women as it does in men, so an individualised hydration strategy should be developed. The prevalence of iron deficiency in women generally is high, but it seems to be alarmingly high in female players. All players should adopt dietary habits that ensure adequate iron intake. Football training seems to increase bone mass in the weight-bearing limbs, with positive implications for bone health in later life, but some players may be at risk from inadequate calcium dietary intake.
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PMID:Nutrition and hydration concerns of the female football player. 1764 50


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