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Query: UMLS:C0240066 (iron deficiency)
 7,156 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Day-old Japanese quail were fed purified diets containing either 0.2 (control), 5.4, or 16.2 ppm lead as the acetate with either 25 (deficient) or 100 ppm (adequate control) iron for 2 weeks. Iron deficiency caused decreases in hemoglobin, iron, and manganese in the liver, and hepatic RNA synthesis. Iron deficiency also caused increased concentrations of lead, calcium, and molybdenum in the liver. Lead supplements caused increased concentrations of lead in the liver, and with adequate dietary iron, each supplemental lead level caused a slight decrease in the concentration of RNA in the liver. Treatment had no effect on DNA or protein synthesis, body weight, or liver weight in relation to body weight. These low levels of dietary lead did not cause the same adverse metabolic effects observed by others with higher levels of lead; however, iron deficiency increased lead uptake by the liver and affected RNA synthesis.
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PMID:Effects of low levels of dietary lead and iron on hepatic RNA, protein, and minerals in young Japanese quail. 620 50

Therapy of the malabsorption syndrome centers on adequate diagnosis of the underlying pathology, with vigorous therapeutic efforts directed at correcting this and thereby preventing ongoing losses of nutrients. Dietary therapy includes a high-protein, high-calorie, low-fat diet often supplemented with MCTs in an effort to minimize steatorrhea. Water-soluble vitamin deficiency is rare, but supplementation with small daily doses is innocuous and probably should be prescribed. Significant fat-soluble vitamin deficiencies are seen more commonly and can be monitored by physical examination and the prothrombin time. Calcium, magnesium, and vitamin D deficiencies are more common than originally suspected. Adequate therapy requires monitoring of the serum calcium, magnesium, parathyroid hormone levels, and, optimally, 24-hour urinary collections for calcium. Supplementation of these mineral deficiencies requires ongoing close observation to prevent hypercalcemia. Iron deficiency can be easily diagnosed by available serum iron determination, and replacement with oral supplements is curative. Trace metal deficiencies occur, but our capabilities of detecting and treating them is still in its infancy. Figure 3 outlines our approach to the evaluation and treatment of the patients suspected of having the malabsorption syndrome.
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PMID:Nutritional aspects of malabsorption syndromes. 641 33

The effect of the iron-deficient diets on osseous tissue formation was studied in long-term experiments. During intense growth, iron deficiency led to a decrease in the content of hexosamines, in the activity of phosphomonoesterase I and calcium, delay in collagen maturation in the femoral bones, as well as to phosphorus-calcium metabolic disorders. Histological examination revealed thickening of the articular cartilage, an increase in the number and volume of osteocytes, islets of the proliferative osteocytes on the part of the endosteum, and a number of dystrophic abnormalities.
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PMID:[Effect of iron-deficient diets on the formation of bone tissue]. 651 86

This article reviews selected nutrition research pertinent to adolescent health care. Protein--calorie malnutrition affects 25% of hospitalized adolescents studied, which correlates, as in adults, with increased morbidity and mortality. Some subgroups of adolescents, notably Asian immigrants, have been shown to be at high risk for developing vitamin D deficient rickets. On the other hand, excessive vitamin D intake has been linked to arteriosclerosis in animal models. Calcium supplementation is not likely to be indicated in U.S. adolescents. Iron deficiency prevalence in adolescence is not well documented, owing to the confusion between anemia and iron deficiency. Serum ferritin and free erythrocyte protoporphyrin measures should help to clarify this issue. Zinc nutrition must be assessed in high-risk groups such as those with short stature or Crohn's disease. Oral contraception effects on vitamin B6 and on serum lipids need to be considered in the risk-benefit equation when prescribing this method of birth control for adolescents.
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PMID:Nutrition and the adolescent: an update. 702 6

Iron in food is classified as belonging to the haem pool, the nonhaem pool, and extraneous sources. Haem iron is derived from vegetable and animal sources with varying bioavailability. Hookworm infestation of the intestinal tract affects 450 million people in the tropics. Schistosoma mansoni caused blood loss in 7 Egyptian patients of 7.5- 25.9 ml/day which is equivalent to a daily loss of iron of .6-7.3 mg daily urinary loss of iron in 9 Egyptian patients. Trichuris trichiura infestation by whipworm is widespread in children with blood loss of 5 ml/day/worm. The etiology of anemia in children besides iron deficiency includes malaria, bacterial or viral infections, folate deficiency and sickle-cell disease. Severe infections cause profound iron-deficiency anemia in children in central American and Malaysia. Plasmodium falciparum malaria-induced anaemia in tropical Africa lowers the mean haemoglobin concentration in the population by 2 g/dI, causing profound anaemia in some. The increased risk of premature delivery, low birthweight, fetal abnormalities, and fetal death is directly related to the degree of maternal anemia. Perinatal mortality was reduced from 38 to 4% in treated anemic mothers. Mental performance was significantly lower in anemic school children and improved after they received iron. Supplements of iron, soy-protein, calcium, and vitamins given to villagers with widespread malnutrition, iron deficiency, and hookworm infestation in Colombia reduced enteric infections in children. Severe iron-deficiency anemia was treated in adults in northern Nigeria by daily in Ferastral 10 ml, which is equivalent to 500 mg of iron per day. Choloroquine, folic acid, rephenium hydroxynaphthoate, and tetrachlorethylene treat adults with severe iron deficiency from hookworm infestation in rural tropical Africa. Blood transfusion is indicated if the patient is dying of anaemia or is pregnant with a haemoglobin concentration 6 gm/dl. In South East Asia, mg per day prevented iron-deficiency anaemia in pregnancy. Field-trials on nutritional iron deficiency include an acidified milk formula plus ferrous sulphate for infants; biscuits with added bovine hemoglobin for children in Chile; sugar plus sodium ferric EDTA in Guatemala; salt with ferric orthophosphate and sodium acid sulphate in India; and Salt with ferrous sulphate plus sodium hexametaphosphate.
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PMID:Iron deficiency in the tropics. 704 57

Since the Nutrition Canada Survey (1973) there has been clear evidence that Aboriginal people have low intakes of many nutrients such as iron, vitamin D, calcium, folate, vitamin A, and fluoride. Recent surveys suggest that the situation has not changed. Children are most likely to be affected clinically. More than half of Aboriginal children in some subpopulations in Manitoba suffer a period of iron deficiency, which may affect development. Nutritional rickets is still a common problem in Manitoba. We have seen cases of megaloblastic anemia due to folate deficiency. The relationship of the well-described low folate intake in pregnancy and birth defects has received no attention for the Aboriginal population. In a recent survey of Inuit children, dental caries of the primary teeth were present in over 70% of children, with a mean DMF (decayed, missing, and filled) index of 1.8 teeth in children under 2 and 9.5 in children 6 to 8 years. Although clinical vitamin A deficiency is not seen, there is now good evidence that subclinical deficiency increases susceptibility to infections. Although not all Aboriginal populations suffer all of these deficiencies, the problems are sufficiently widespread to suggest this is an urgent problem. It will not be solved simply by education. There must be a political will and a coordinated effort to make a balanced diet available to all at an affordable cost.
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PMID:Current status of nutritional deficiencies in Canadian aboriginal people. 758 49

A table was made of the composition of mineral and trace elements in different classes of French food items. The P, Ca, Mg, Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn, I and Se contents of the main categories of food are presented. The mineral and trace element intakes of the average French consumer were calculated from national survey data concerning all food items purchased by households. The intakes and the sources of the different elements are given related to the energy. These results were calculated for male and female adults receiving 2700 kcal and 2000 kcal, respectively, and compared with the recommended dietary allowances (RDA). Phosphorus and calcium intakes were adequate, as was iron for men. The intakes of Mg, Cu, Mn were between 80 and 100% of the RDA. For Zn, I, Se the intakes were lower (50-80% of the RDA). The iron deficiency observed in women is serious, and the selenium deficit in men may induce real biochemical subdeficiencies with clinical consequences.
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PMID:The mineral and trace element composition in French food items and intake levels in France. 759 12

The iron status of a representative population sample in a district of Paris area (France) was assessed using a biochemical and dietary approach. Complete data were obtained for 1,108 subjects 6 months to 97 years old. Total iron intake increased up to adolescence and then remained stable in adult life. Iron intake was higher in men than in women. Most children and menstruating women presented a dietary iron intake below the recommended allowances. While anemia was not very common, iron deficiency (defined as the existence of at least two abnormal values in the four independent indicators of iron status: serum ferritin, erythrocyte protoporphyrin, transferrin saturation and MCV) was particularly common in infants, young children, menstruating women and elderly men. Serum ferritin, erythrocyte protoporphyrin and transferrin saturation were significantly correlated with inflammatory markers. Significant correlations were found between dietary total iron and serum ferritin (r = 0.29, p < 0.001) and hemoglobin (r = 0.44, p < 0.001). After adjustment for age, sex and inflammation, using multiple linear regression models, the relationship between both heme and nonheme iron intake and serum ferritin remained significant. Serum ferritin and hemoglobin levels were negatively correlated with calcium and phosphorus intake.
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PMID:Iron status of a healthy French population: factors determining biochemical markers. 783 79

Lead, cadmium, and mercury are toxic metals that are not essential for nutrition. However, the toxic effects of these metals may be mediated or enhanced by interactions or deficiencies of nutritionally essential metals. Lead competes with calcium, inhibiting the release of neurotransmitters, and interferes with the regulation of cell metabolism by binding to second-messenger calcium receptors, blocking calcium transport by calcium channels and calcium-sodium ATP pumps, and by competing for calcium-binding protein sites and uptake by mitochondria. Dietary deficiencies of calcium, iron, and zinc enhance the effects of lead on cognitive and behavioral development. Iron deficiency increases the gastrointestinal absorption of cadmium, and cadmium competes with zinc for binding sites on metallothionein, which is important in the storage and transport of zinc during development. Selenium protects from mercury and methyl mercury toxicity by preventing damage from free radicals or by forming inactive selenium mercury complexes.
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PMID:Nutrition and metal toxicity. 787 32

The purpose of this review is to examine current research on the iron status of the elderly and factors that influence the body burden of iron. Studies of noninstitutionalized elderly individuals report mean iron intakes that meet current Recommended Dietary Allowances for iron. Dietary practices that may decrease iron bioavailability, and hence iron stores in the body, include low intakes of ascorbic acid or high intakes of calcium, and decreased consumption of highly available iron from meat, fish, and poultry. Although not well documented, the effect of age on iron absorption and iron excretion appears to be small, and body stores of iron increase with age. It is difficult to estimate the prevalence of iron deficiency in elderly persons, because impaired iron status can be the result of iron deficiency or chronic disease. Further study is necessary to determine whether red blood cell ferritin and serum transferrin receptors may be useful biochemical markers to differentiate the anemia of chronic disease from iron deficiency anemia. Hereditary hemochromatosis is a genetic disease that greatly increases the body burden of iron and the risk of hepatic disease among homozygotes. Because iron deficiency or iron excess may impair health, the role of iron in diseases associated with aging such as depressed immune response, neurological dysfunction, cancer, and heart disease is discussed.
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PMID:Iron nutriture in elderly individuals. 800 89


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