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Query: UMLS:C0240066 (iron deficiency)
 7,156 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

1. The chromatographic elution patterns on Sepharose 6B of the supernatant from mucosal homogenates prepared 10 min after administration of copper into duodenal segments in vivo, indicate that copper is bound preferentially in the fraction of mucosal transferrin. 2. In iron deficiency the amount of 64Cu-copper taken up into the duodenal mucosa is more than two times higher and the amount bound to proteins of the supernatant is also increased to approximately the same degree whereas the amount transferred into the body is diminished to one fourth. 3. In the iron deficient group 64Cu-copper was also bound to a fraction which contains probably metallothionein. 4. The distribution of copper in the supernatant was changed due to a simultaneous administration of iron; the amount of copper bound in the transferrin fraction decreased in favor of the metallothionein fraction and another copper binding fraction was eluted between the transferrin and the metallothionein fraction. 5. Copper in a tenfold molar excess inhibited the iron absorption; simultaneously, the iron bound in the iron binding fractions of the supernatant was remarkably diminished. 6. The results suggest that the affinity of copper to two mucosal iron binding proteins, transferrin and metallothionein, is at least partly responsible for the inhibitory effect of copper on iron absorption in iron deficiency.
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PMID:Binding of copper to mucosal transferrin and inhibition of intestinal iron absorption in rats. 42 57

It is now apparent that the rate of microsomal drug metabolism in experimental animals is subject to alteration by such dietary deficiencies as protein, vatamins, fats and minerals. The evidence, both published and unpublished, showing the effects of iron, magnesium, and potassium dificiencies on the hepatic metabolism of foreign compounds in rats is discussed. Iron deficiency has been shown to lead to a marked stimulation in hepatic metabolism, in vitro and in vivo, of both Type I (aminopyrine) and Type II (aniline) substrates. Magnesium-deficient rats have been shown to have markedly lower in vivo and in vitro rates of hepatic drug metabolism, but the monovalent intracellular mineral potassium had no apparent effect on the in vitro enzymatic conversion of foreign compounds. Hypokalemia has been shown to alter the in vivo disposition of aminopyrine and pentobarbital as evidenced by an increased plasma half-life of aminopyrine and a longer pentobarbital sleeping time in potassium-deficient animals. Large segments of the world's population are in less than satisfactory nutritional status with respect to iron, magnesium, potassium, copper, and zinc and the relevancy to man of the data discussed must be ascertained. The role of dietary minerals in nonhepatic microsomal drug metabolism is also not yet known.
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PMID:Hepatic drug metabolism in iron-, magnesium- and potassium-deficient rats. 82 59

Eighteen albino rats at the age of 15 days were separated in 2 groups of 9 and fed cow's milk exclusively. The milk supplied to the control rats (group I) was supplemented with iron and copper. The months later, the rats were scarificed. The animals of group II were severely anaemic. In each rat, a histological examination of gastric (in group II, only in 2 rats) and jejunal mucosa as well as measurements of total thickness, villous height, epithelial cell height and mitotic index were made. Histology was normal in all the rats. Measurements gave similar results in both groups except for the epithelial cell height which was significantly higher in anaemic rats than in controls. The authors take issue with the methodology followed in previous studies concerning iron-deficient children and suggest that the causal relation between iron deficiency and structural changes of intestinal mucosa in children has not yet been proven.
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PMID:[Intestinal mucosa in rats with iron deficiency anemia]. 95 40

Interrelationships between oral contraceptives and dietary lipids on iron and copper levels in plasma and tissues were investigated in rats. Diets containing either 20% (by weight) safflower oil or hydrogenated coconut oil with and without cholesterol (0.5%) were fed to weanling, female, Wistar-strain rats for a period of 19 weeks. Three types of oral contraceptive agents differing in estrogen/progesterone ratios were administered during weeks 16 through 19 of the experiment. Control rats received the dietary treatment without oral contraceptives. Hemoglobin concentration, hematocrit, red blood cell counts, mean cell hemoglobin and hemoglobin concentration, and mean cell volume values were similar among the various dietary and drug-treatment groups. Elevated levels of copper were found in livers of drug-treated animals fed diets containing cholesterol and safflower oil, whereas levels of copper or iron in spleen and kidney were not influenced by oral contraceptives. Dietary safflower or coconut oil had no influence on levels of iron or copper in plasma. However, iron levels were higher in liver, spleen, and kidneys of rats fed coconut oil compared with those fed safflower oil. Cholesterol-fed rats had reduced levels of iron in plasma and tissues and increased levels of copper in plasma and liver. Iron deficiency in cholesterol-fed rats was indicated by low levels of iron in plasma, liver, spleen, and kidney. In experiment 2, animals were fed the 20% safflower oil diet, with and without sodium glycocholate or cholesterol, to determine whether the apparent malabsorption of iron resulted from sodium glycocholate or cholesterol. Sodium glycocholate resulted in a marked increase in the absorption of iron, whereas cholesterol depressed absorption.
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PMID:Influence of dietary lipids on iron and copper levels of rats administered oral contraceptives. 115 20

Dietary intake and biochemical nutritional status was studied in patients who had undergone total gastrectomy (TG, n = 10) or partial gastrectomy (PG, n = 10) several years ago. The dietary intake of energy, macronutrients and micronutrients was very similar in the two groups and was also similar to the intake reported for healthy subjects in Sweden. The concentration of alpha-tocopherol in serum was subnormal in the TG group and that of carotene in both groups of patients, and the values were also significantly lower in the TG group than in the PG group. This was probably due to fat malabsorption, since dietary intake was found to be adequate. The proportions of n-6 and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in serum phosphatidylcholine were not significantly different between the TG and PG groups. Iron deficiency was found in three patients in the TG group. Three patients (two TG, one PG) had elevated serum alkaline phosphatase and one patient (PG) had subnormal cobalamin concentration. For ascorbic acid, folate, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, zinc, copper and selenium, the serum concentrations were normal or close to normal. Although the stores of some micronutrients seemed smaller after total gastrectomy, no major differences in nutritional status were found between the TG and PG groups. For the demonstration of decreased micronutrient stores during long-term follow-up after gastrectomy, an extended profile of biochemical markers of nutritional status is recommended.
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PMID:Nutrient intake and biochemical markers of nutritional status during long-term follow-up after total and partial gastrectomy. 160 Sep 23

Metals such as lead, zinc, copper, aluminum and manganese have been implicated in neuropsychiatric disorders. However, until fairly recently the role of iron in brain function was rather obscure, because little attention was paid to its metabolism in the brain. It is now apparent that maintenance of brain iron homoeostasis is important for the normal functioning of his organ. Most of the studies have been directed towards the cognitive and attentional deficit resulting from nutritional iron deficiency. Evidence so far suggests subsensitivity of striatal dopamine neurotransmission. By contrast the selective increase in free iron in the substantia nigra pars compacta of parkinsonian brains is thought to initiate oxidative stress, from iron-induced liberation of cytotoxic oxygen free radicals. Such radicals are known to promote membrane fluidity, alteration in cellular calcium homoeostasis, lipid peroxidation and finally cell death in systemic organs. Evidence supporting similar processes being responsible for nigrostriatal dopamine neuron degeneration in Parkinson's disease is now becoming available. Such possibilities afford the development of neuroprotective drugs as a means to retard the progression of this disorder. These include other selective monoamine oxidase B inhibitors, iron chelators with the ability to cross the blood-brain barrier, selective calcium channel antagonists and mitochondrial electron transport system protectors.
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PMID:Iron in brain function and dysfunction with emphasis on Parkinson's disease. 164 57

As a result of investigations into the diagnostic validity of selected haematologic-morphological and clinical-chemical test factors of iron metabolism in the diagnosis of hypochromic anaemia, the examined test faktora are differently evaluated as individual parameters and in their combination. 1. Haematocrit (PCV) is equal to the determination of haemoglobin concentration as a search parameter. 2. The number of reticulocytes, copper and zinc as well as caeruloplasmin have a separating effect as individual parameters on the examined classes of iron deficiency and tumour and infect anaemia. 3. Iron has no value as a individual parameter. It is only in combination with TEBK and the haematologic test factors that is has a diagnostic value. 4. In contrast, ferritin as an individual parameter is of primary importance and should be used extensively in the laboratory diagnosis of hypochromic anaemia. 5. TEBK and transferrin may be supposed to be equal in their diagnostic value. 6. When used in combination, haemoglobin, MCV, TEBK, Transferrin, and ferritin have effective separating function. They permit hypochromic anaemia to be widely assigned to one or another kind of the examined classes.
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PMID:[The value of parameters of iron metabolism in the differential diagnosis of anemias]. 170

To clarify the influence of iron deficiency on mineral status, the following two synthetic diets were fed to male Wistar rats: a control diet containing 128 micrograms iron/g, and an iron-deficient diet containing 5.9 micrograms iron/g. The rats fed the iron-deficient diet showed pale red conjunctiva and less reactiveness than the rats fed the control diet. The hemoglobin concentration and hematocrit of the rats fed the iron-deficient diet were markedly less than the rats fed the control diet. The changes of mineral concentrations observed in tissues of the rats fed the iron-deficient diet, as compared with the rats fed the control diet, are summarized as follows: . Iron concentrations in blood, brain, lung, heart, liver, spleen, kidney, testis, femoral muscle, and tibia decreased; . Calcium concentrations in blood and liver increased; calcium concentration in lung decreased; . Magnesium concentration in blood increased; . Copper concentrations in blood, liver, spleen and tibia increased; copper concentration in femoral muscle decreased; . Zinc concentration in blood decreased; . Manganese concentrations in brain, heart, kidney, testis, femoral muscle and tibia increased. These results suggest that iron deficiency affects mineral status (iron, calcium, magnesium, copper, zinc, and manganese) in rats.
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PMID:Effect of dietary iron deficiency on mineral levels in tissues of rats. 172 8

Vitamin and mineral supplements are frequently used by competitive and recreational athletes. Dietary deficiencies of most vitamins are not very common among athletes except in those who restrict their food intake in order to maintain body weight. Vitamins most likely to be deficient in the diet are folate, B6, B12, and E. Biochemical evidence of vitamin deficiencies in some athletes have been reported for thiamine, riboflavin, and B6. When the diet is deficient, vitamin supplements may improve performance but are not likely to be effective if the dietary intake is adequate. Some female athletes' diets are low in calcium, iron, and zinc. Low calcium intake may reduce peak bone mass in young women. Iron deficiency may impair performance and needs to be corrected with an iron supplement. Zinc supplements that exceed the RDA interfere with the absorption of copper and lower HDL-cholesterol.
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PMID:Vitamin and mineral supplementation to athletes. 184 92

Seven different metals (iron, copper, zinc, calcium, manganese, lead, and cadmium) were studied in eight different brain regions (cerebral cortex, cerebellum, corpus striatum, hypothalamus, hippocampus, midbrain, medulla oblongata, and pons) of weaned rats (21-d-old) maintained on an iron-deficient (18-20 mg iron/kg) diet for 8 wk. Iron was found to decrease in all the brain regions, except medulla oblongata and pons, in comparison to their respective levels in control rats, receiving an iron-sufficient (390 mg iron/kg) diet. Brain regions showed different susceptibility toward iron deficiency-induced alterations in the levels of various metals, such as zinc, was found to increase in hippocampus (19%, p less than 0.05) and midbrain (16%, p less than 0.05), copper in cerebral cortex (18%, p less than 0.05) and corpus striatum (16% p less than 0.05), calcium in corpus striatum (22%, p less than 0.01) and hypothalamus (17%, p less than 0.02), and manganese in hypothalamus (18%, p less than 0.05) only. Toxic metals lead and cadmium also increased in cerebellum (19%, p less than 0.05) and hippocampus (17%, p less than 0.05) regions, respectively. Apart from these changes, liver (64%, p less than 0.001) and brain (19%, p less than 0.01) nonheme iron contents were found to decrease significantly, but body, liver, and brain weights, packed cell volume, and hemoglobin content remained unaltered in these experimental rats. Rehabilitation of iron-deficient rats with an iron-sufficient diet for 2 wk recovered the values of zinc in both the hippocampus and mid-brain regions and calcium in the hypothalamus region only. Liver nonheme iron improved significantly; however, no remarkable effect was noticed in brain nonheme iron following rehabilitation. It may be concluded that latent iron deficiency produced alterations in various metal levels in different brain regions, and corpus striatum was found to be the most vulnerable region for such changes. It is also evident that brain regions were resistant for any recovery in their altered metallic levels in response to rehabilitation for 2 wk.
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PMID:Effect of latent iron deficiency on metal levels of rat brain regions. 248 35


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