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Query: UMLS:C0240066 (iron deficiency)
 7,156 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Rates of blood glucose and lactate turnover were assessed in resting iron-deficient and iron-sufficient (control) rats to test the hypothesis that dependence on glucose metabolism is increased in iron deficiency. Male Sprague-Dawley rats, 21 days old, were fed a diet containing either 6 mg iron/kg feed (iron-deficient group) or 50 mg iron/kg feed (iron-sufficient group) for 3-4 wk. The iron-deficient group became anemic, with hemoglobin levels of 6.4 +/- 0.2 compared with 13.8 +/- 0.3 g/dl for controls. Rats received a 90-min primed continuous infusion of D-[6-3H]glucose and sodium L-[U-14C]lactate via a jugular catheter. Serial samples were taken from a carotid catheter for concentration and specific activity determinations. Iron-deficient rats had significantly (P less than 0.05) higher blood glucose (7.1 +/- 0.3 vs. 6.1 +/- 0.2 mM) and lactate concentrations than controls (1.0 +/- 0.1 vs. 0.8 +/- 0.1 mM). The iron-deficient group had a significantly higher glucose turnover rate (67 +/- 2 vs. 58 +/- 4 mumol . kg-1 . min-1) than the control group. Significantly more metabolite recycling in iron-deficient rats was indicated by greater incorporation of 14C (from infused [14C]-lactate) into blood glucose. Assuming a carbon crossover correction factor of 2, half of blood glucose arose from lactate in deficient animals. By comparison, only 25% of glucose arose from lactate in controls. Lack of a difference in lactate turnover (irreversible disposal) rates between deficient rats and controls (191 +/- 26 vs. 163 +/- 15 mumol . kg-1 . min-1) was attributed to 14C recycling.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Increased glucose dependence in resting, iron-deficient rats. 366 3

Anthranilate promoted the uptake of ferric iron into iron-starved cells of Rhizobium leguminosarum GF160. The uptake system was a saturable function of the concentration of ferric anthranilate. It was characterized by an apparent Km of 6 microM and a Vmax of 1.6 nmol/min/mg cell protein. Uptake was temperature dependent and inhibited by the metabolic poisons arsenate and iodoacetate. The proton motive force may not be involved since no effect was demonstrated by the respiratory inhibitor sodium azide and by various uncouplers. The anthranilate-promoted iron uptake was lower for cells grown in increasing levels of available iron and the addition of anthranilic acid to low-iron cultures resulted in a stimulation of bacterial growth. During growth under iron deficiency, anthranilic acid was not assimilated by the cells.
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PMID:Anthranilate-promoted iron uptake in Rhizobium leguminosarum. 372 14

A young woman was referred for nephrologic evaluation of hypertension and a curious desire for table salt. Suspicion of iron-deficiency anemia arose only after it was determined that sodium balance was achievable during supervised sodium restriction. This salt craving abated within 2 weeks of initiation of iron replacement therapy. Although pica is a common manifestation of iron deficiency, this appears to be the first reported case of salt pica secondary to iron deficiency.
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PMID:Sodium chloride pica secondary to iron-deficiency anemia. 396 72

Calcium (Ca) uptake was markedly increased in ATP-depleted red cells of patients with iron deficiency anemia (IDA) compared to ATP-depleted normal red cells. The extent of increased Ca uptake was related to the severity of iron deficiency as judged by decreased mean cell volume. Moreover, the increased Ca uptake returned to normal levels after oral iron supplementation therapy. The net calcium content of fresh red cells from iron-deficient individuals was the same as in red cells from normal subjects. Sodium influx and ferric ion uptake appeared to be virtually unaffected in the iron deficient red cells.
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PMID:A marked increase of calcium uptake in the ATP-depleted red cells of patients with iron deficiency. 398 6

1. Porphobilinogenase was isolated and purified from soya-bean callus tissue; its components, porphobilinogen deaminase and uroporphyrinogen isomerase, were separated and purified. 2. The purified porphobilinogenase was resolved into two bands on starch-gel electrophoresis. The molecular weights of porphobilinogenase, deaminase and isomerase fractions were determined by the gel-filtration method. Porphobilinogenase activity was affected by the presence of air; uroporphyrinogens were only formed under anaerobic conditions, although substrate consumption was the same in the absence of oxygen as in its presence. 3. pH-dependence of both porphobilinogenase and deaminase was the same and a sharp optimum at pH 7.2 was obtained. Isomerase was heat-labile, but the presence of ammonium ions or porphobilinogen afforded some protection against inactivation. The action of several compounds added to the system was studied. Cysteine, thioglycollate, ammonium ions and hydroxylamine inhibited porphobilinogenase; certain concentrations of sodium and magnesium salts enhanced activity; some dicarboxylic acids and 2-methoxy-5-nitrotropone inhibited the deaminase. 4. delta-Aminolaevulate and ethionine in the culture media stimulated porphyrin synthesis and increased porphobilinogenase activity, whereas iron deficiency resulted in porphyrin accumulation. 5. The development of chlorophyll and porphobilinogenase on illumination of dark-grown callus was followed. 6. A hypothetical scheme is suggested for the enzymic synthesis of uroporphyrinogens from porphobilinogen.
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PMID:Studies on the porphobilinogen deaminase-uroporphyrinogen cosynthetase system of cultured soya-bean cells. 516 54

Growth of Bacillus stearothermophilus strain NCA 1518 Smooth in Dextrose Tryptone Agar (DTA) was inhibited by sodium caseinate. Binding studies indicated that sodium caseinate, when present in DTA, had the capacity to effect an iron deficiency which could cause inhibition of growth. Additions of essential cations, iron (1 mM), calcium (5 mM), magnesium (10 mM), or hydrogen ion (pH 5.7), relieved inhibition. Responses to and interactions among these relief factors were analyzed statistically. Equations were fitted to the data and were used to estimate responses to all treatment combinations within the ranges tested. Results from these studies indicated that calcium, magnesium, and hydrogen ion acted by decreasing the binding capacity of the protein for iron, rendering this metal available for metabolic needs. Evidence was obtained that ferrous rather than ferric iron was the limiting factor in DTA containing sodium caseinate.
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PMID:Relief of casein inhibition of Bacillus stearothermophilus by iron, calcium, and magnesium. 569 3

Studies of red cell metabolism, erythropoeitin concentration, iron and folate status were made in 48 children with protein-energy malnutrition in Johannesburg (altitude 1800 m). Biochemical evidence of iron deficiency was presented in 26% cases on admission and developed in 90% during recovery. Biochemical evidence of folate deficiency was present in 14% of cases on admission and resolved on dietary therapy alone. Serum erythropoeitin was increased on admission and remained elevated during recovery. There was no relationship between serum erythropoeitin and Hb concentrations. Key enzymes in the red cell glycolytic and hexose monophosphate pathways and red cell membrane showed increased activity. Red cell adenosine triphosphate concentration was increased and unstable. Red cell potassium was decreased and, in the fatal cases, red cell sodium was increased. The possible significance and practical implications of these findings are discussed.
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PMID:Mechanisms of anemia in protein-energy malnutrition in Johannesburg. 646 Dec 44

Glycine uptake by erythrocytes from cases of iron deficiency anemia, megaloblastic anemia, and anemia of chronic renal failure and hypothyroidism has been studied. Concentrative uptake, characteristically observed only in iron deficiency, is dependent on a favorable Na+ gradient and is inhibited by p-chloromercuribenzoate. Transport appears to be mediated by a carrier whose possible relation to iron deficiency is discussed.
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PMID:Glycine uptake by erythrocytes in iron deficiency anemia. 686 Mar 16

Iron in food is classified as belonging to the haem pool, the nonhaem pool, and extraneous sources. Haem iron is derived from vegetable and animal sources with varying bioavailability. Hookworm infestation of the intestinal tract affects 450 million people in the tropics. Schistosoma mansoni caused blood loss in 7 Egyptian patients of 7.5- 25.9 ml/day which is equivalent to a daily loss of iron of .6-7.3 mg daily urinary loss of iron in 9 Egyptian patients. Trichuris trichiura infestation by whipworm is widespread in children with blood loss of 5 ml/day/worm. The etiology of anemia in children besides iron deficiency includes malaria, bacterial or viral infections, folate deficiency and sickle-cell disease. Severe infections cause profound iron-deficiency anemia in children in central American and Malaysia. Plasmodium falciparum malaria-induced anaemia in tropical Africa lowers the mean haemoglobin concentration in the population by 2 g/dI, causing profound anaemia in some. The increased risk of premature delivery, low birthweight, fetal abnormalities, and fetal death is directly related to the degree of maternal anemia. Perinatal mortality was reduced from 38 to 4% in treated anemic mothers. Mental performance was significantly lower in anemic school children and improved after they received iron. Supplements of iron, soy-protein, calcium, and vitamins given to villagers with widespread malnutrition, iron deficiency, and hookworm infestation in Colombia reduced enteric infections in children. Severe iron-deficiency anemia was treated in adults in northern Nigeria by daily in Ferastral 10 ml, which is equivalent to 500 mg of iron per day. Choloroquine, folic acid, rephenium hydroxynaphthoate, and tetrachlorethylene treat adults with severe iron deficiency from hookworm infestation in rural tropical Africa. Blood transfusion is indicated if the patient is dying of anaemia or is pregnant with a haemoglobin concentration 6 gm/dl. In South East Asia, mg per day prevented iron-deficiency anaemia in pregnancy. Field-trials on nutritional iron deficiency include an acidified milk formula plus ferrous sulphate for infants; biscuits with added bovine hemoglobin for children in Chile; sugar plus sodium ferric EDTA in Guatemala; salt with ferric orthophosphate and sodium acid sulphate in India; and Salt with ferrous sulphate plus sodium hexametaphosphate.
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PMID:Iron deficiency in the tropics. 704 57

An effort has been made to standardize the indirect iron saturation excess method for the determination of the serum unsaturated iron binding capacity (UIBC) and thus to relinquish the direct adsorption methods for the assay of the serum total iron binding capacity (TIBC) which give falsely high results due to unspecific binding of the saturating iron to serum proteins. In order to eliminate the interfering effects of hydrolytic polymerization of iron(III) on the saturation of apotransferrin in serum and on the colorimetric determination of the unbound iron excess at pH 8.3, conditions have been studied for the preparation of the iron-nitrilotriacetate-complex (Fe(NTA)2) solution at pH 8.3 with respect to its reactivity with the reductant sodium ascorbate and with the chromogen bathophenanthroline-disulfonate in photometric standards and in samples containing iron-saturated serum. The validity of the results for the UIBC thus obtained has been investigated (1) by direct spectrophotometric titration with Fe(NTA)2 of the apotransferrin in serum by measuring the absorbance of transferrin at 470 nm in 50-mm cuvettes, and of the UIBC using the modified indirect iron saturation excess assay, both of which gave the same saturation points, and (2) by the correlation of the TIBC obtained from serum iron determinations and the UIBC, with the transferrin concentration measured by the radial immunodiffusion assay. Results of UIBC determinations are presented along with serum iron concentration, TIBC, and transferrin saturation in groups of subjects with normal iron stores and prelatent, latent, and manifest iron deficiency.
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PMID:Proposal for the standardization of the serum unsaturated iron binding capacity assay, and results in groups of subjects with normal iron stores and with prelatent, latent, and manifest iron deficiency. 706 Feb 75


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