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Query: UMLS:C0240066 (iron deficiency)
 7,156 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Iron deficiency currently affects over two billion people worldwide despite significant advances in technology and society aimed at mitigating this global health problem. Biofortification of food staples with iron (Fe) represents a sustainable approach for alleviating human Fe deficiency in developing countries, however, biofortification efforts have focused extensively on cereal staples while pulses have been largely overlooked. In this study we describe a genetic engineering (GE) approach to biofortify the pulse crop, chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.), with Fe using a combination of the chickpea nicotianamine synthase 2 (CaNAS2) and soybean (Glycine max) ferritin (GmFER) genes which function in Fe transport and storage, respectively. This study consists of three main components: (1) the establishment for baseline Fe concentration of existing germplam, (2) the isolation and study of expression pattern of the novel CaNAS2 gene, and (3) the generation of GE chickpea overexpressing the CaNAS2 and GmFER genes. Seed of six commercial chickpea cultivars was collected from four different field locations in Australia and assessed for seed Fe concentration. The results revealed little difference between the cultivars assessed, and that chickpea seed Fe was negatively affected where soil Fe bioavailability is low. The desi cultivar HatTrick was then selected for further study. From it, the CaNAS2 gene was cloned and its expression in different tissues examined. The gene was found to be expressed in multiple vegetative tissues under Fe-sufficient conditions, suggesting that it may play a housekeeping role in systemic translocation of Fe. Two GE chickpea events were then generated and the overexpression of the CaNAS2 and GmFER transgenes confirmed. Analysis of nicotianamine (NA) and Fe levels in the GE seeds revealed that NA was nearly doubled compared to the null control while Fe concentration was not changed. Increased NA content in chickpea seed is likely to translate into increased Fe bioavailability and may thus overcome the effect of the bioavailability inhibitors found in pulses; however, further study is required to confirm this. This is the first known example of GE Fe biofortified chickpea; information gleaned from this study can feed into future pulse biofortification work to help alleviate global Fe deficiency.
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PMID:Investigation of Baseline Iron Levels in Australian Chickpea and Evaluation of a Transgenic Biofortification Approach. 2996 65

Iron deficiency in crops is usually prevented and cured by the application of synthetic Fe chelates such as EDTA/Fe and the o,o-EDDHA/Fe. However their persistence in soil calls for the implementation of new alternatives that present less of a risk to the environment. This study therefore evaluated the biodegradable chelating agent [S,S]-EDDS as a new source for Fe fertilisation in calcareous soils in relation to its chemical reactivity. The suitability of [S,S]-EDDS/Fe as an Fe fertiliser in a calcareous soil was investigated and compared to the traditional synthetic chelates EDTA/Fe and o,o-EDDHA/Fe. Plant experiments with soybean (Glycine max), 57Fe isotopic labelling, and batch incubations were conducted in a calcareous soil. The Fe concentration of plants treated with [S,S]-EDDS/Fe was similar to those treated with EDTA/Fe. A similar Fe concentration to the o,o-EDDHA/Fe treatment was achieved using a double dose of [S,S]-EDDS/Fe. Despite the degradation of [S,S]-EDDS limiting the durability of [S,S]-EDDS/Fe in soil, the Fe bound to the degradation products may be a determining factor in improving Fe uptake and translocation to leaves in plants treated with [S,S]-EDDS/Fe compared to other Fe sources. Speciation studies by modelling and batch experiments also supported the lower reactivity of [S,S]-EDDS/Fe with calcium compared to that of EDTA/Fe, possibly contributing to the permanence of [S,S]-EDDS/Fe in the calcareous soil. This study demonstrated for the first time, that [S,S]-EDDS may be an environmentally sustainable alternative to traditional synthetic chelating agents such as EDTA or o,o-EDDHA for curing Fe chlorosis in susceptible plants in calcareous soil.
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PMID:[S,S]-EDDS/Fe: A new chelate for the environmentally sustainable correction of iron chlorosis in calcareous soil. 3018 Mar 56

Iron deficiency chlorosis (IDC) is a global crop production problem, significantly impacting yield. However, most IDC studies have focused on model species, not agronomically important crops. Soybean is the second largest crop grown in the United States, yet the calcareous soils across most of the upper U.S. Midwest limit soybean growth and profitability. To understand early soybean iron stress responses, we conducted whole genome expression analyses (RNA-sequencing) of leaf and root tissue from the iron efficient soybean (Glycine max) cultivar Clark, at 30, 60 and 120 min after transfer to iron stress conditions. We identified over 10,000 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), with the number of DEGs increasing over time in leaves, but decreasing over time in roots. To investigate these responses, we clustered our expression data across time to identify suites of genes, their biological functions, and the transcription factors (TFs) that regulate their expression. These analyses reveal the hallmarks of the soybean iron stress response (iron uptake and homeostasis, defense, and DNA replication and methylation) can be detected within 30 min. Furthermore, they suggest root to shoot signaling initiates early iron stress responses representing a novel paradigm for crop stress adaptations.
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PMID:Examining Short-Term Responses to a Long-Term Problem: RNA-Seq Analyses of Iron Deficiency Chlorosis Tolerant Soybean. 3243 45

CORE IDEAS: 'Fiskeby III' harbors a combination of abiotic stress traits, including iron deficiency chlorosis (IDC) tolerance. An IDC quantitative trait locus on chromosome Gm05 was identified in genome-wide association studies and biparental populations. Fine-mapping resolved a 137-kb interval containing strong candidate genes. Iron deficiency chlorosis (IDC) is an important nutrient stress for soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] grown in high-pH soils. Despite numerous agronomic attempts to alleviate IDC, genetic tolerance remains the most effective preventative measure against symptoms. In this study, two association mapping populations and a biparental mapping population were used for genetic mapping of IDC tolerance. Quantitative trait loci (QTLs) were identified on chromosomes Gm03, Gm05, and Gm06. Heterogenous inbred families were developed to fine-map the Gm05 QTL, which was uniquely supported in all three mapping populations. Fine-mapping resulted in a QTL with an interval size of 137 kb on the end of the short arm of Gm05, which produced up to a 1.5-point reduction in IDC severity on a 1 to 9 scale in near isogenic lines.
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PMID:Identification and Fine-Mapping of a Soybean Quantitative Trait Locus on Chromosome 5 Conferring Tolerance to Iron Deficiency Chlorosis. 3301 89


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