Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0240066 (iron deficiency)
 7,156 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A siderophore (microbial iron transport compound) was isolated from low iron cultures of Agrobacterium tumefaciens B6. The substance was characterized as a threonyl peptide of spermidine acylated with 3 residues of 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid, the carbonyl group of 1 residue of the latter participating in an oxazoline ring with the beta-hydroxyl of the threonine moiety. The compound, N-[3-(2,3-dihydroxybenzamido)propyl]-N-[4-(2,3-dihydroxybenzamido)butyl]-2-(2,3-dihydroxyphenyl)-trans-5-methyl-oxazoline-4-carboxamide, was given the trivial name agrobactin. Exposure to acid opened the oxazoline ring to afford agrobactin A. Ferric agrobactin A and agrobactin A itself, but not agrobactin or its ferric complex, had some capacity to feed iron to enterobactin-deficient strains of Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium. Agrobactin was produced by A. tumefaciens in response to iron deficiency and was able to reverse the iron starvation in this organism precipitated by the presence of a ferric complexing agent not utilized by the cells.
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PMID:Agrobactin, a siderophore from Agrobacterium tumefaciens. 3 87

Culture filtrates of virulent Nocardia asteroides GUH-2 after growth in acetate minimal medium displayed an absorbance maximum at 320 nm. After isolation by polyamide extraction and anion chromatography, a UV-active compound with this absorbance was shown to be 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid (DHB) by nuclear magnetic resonance, gas chromatographic, and mass spectrometric techniques. DHB production under several culture conditions was quantified by a standard high-pressure liquid chromatography assay. Under iron deficiency conditions, N. asteroides GUH-2 excreted up to 11 mg of DHB per liter into the culture medium. No DHB was detected when N. asteroides GUH-2 was grown in an iron-rich medium. With the less virulent strain N. asteroides 10905, DHB was not found under any condition tested.
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PMID:Characterization of 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid from Nocardia asteroides GUH-2. 330 77

Under conditions of iron deficiency, strains of Bacillus subtilis produced 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid (DHB), 2,3-dihydroxybenzolyglycine (DHBG), or both of these compounds. DHB(G) production [production of DHB(G) refers to the production of DHB, or DHBG, or both] was proportional to the amount of iron present and occurred logarithmically, paralleling growth. Supplementation of media with more than 150 mug of iron per liter at zero-time inhibited DHB accumulation completely. In the presence of DHB, lower levels of iron inhibited DHB(G) production, so that the actual inhibitor of synthesis may involve the Fe(3+):[DHB(G)](3) complex. The strains producing DHBG also produced coproporphyrin III during iron-deficient growth, whereas a strain producing DHB did not produce coproporphyrin III under these conditions. Accumulation of DHB(G) was influenced by the levels of aromatic amino acids and anthranilic acid in the medium. In vivo experiments with strain B-1471 demonstrated that DHB was coupled to added glycine to form DHBG. Metabolism of DHB(G) was observed in two of the strains studied.
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PMID:Itoic acid synthesis in Bacillus subtilis. 496 43

Eukaryotes produce a siderophore-like molecule via a remarkably conserved biosynthetic pathway. 3-OH butyrate dehydrogenase (BDH2), a member of the short-chain dehydrogenase (SDR) family of reductases, catalyzes a rate-limiting step in the biogenesis of the mammalian siderophore 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid (2,5-DHBA). Depletion of the mammalian siderophore by inhibiting expression of bdh2 results in abnormal accumulation of intracellular iron and mitochondrial iron deficiency in cultured mammalian cells, as well as in yeast cells and zebrafish embryos We disrupted murine bdh2 by homologous recombination to analyze the effect of bdh2 deletion on erythropoiesis and iron metabolism. bdh2 null mice developed microcytic anemia and tissue iron overload, especially in the spleen. Exogenous supplementation with 2,5-DHBA alleviates splenic iron overload in bdh2 null mice. Additionally, bdh2 null mice exhibit reduced serum iron. Although BDH2 has been proposed to oxidize ketone bodies, we found that BDH2 deficiency did not alter ketone body metabolism in vivo. In sum, our findings demonstrate a key role for BDH2 in erythropoiesis.
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PMID:Endogenous siderophore 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid deficiency promotes anemia and splenic iron overload in mice. 2477 3