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Query: UMLS:C0240066 (iron deficiency)
 7,156 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Iron absorption was directly compared between equivalent doses of ferrous salts and a polymaltose complex using a twin-isotope technique in which each individual acts as his own control. In the first study, bioavailability of iron from ferrous sulfate and the complex was defined at physiologic doses of 5 mg (Group 1: n = 14) and therapeutic doses of 50 mg (Group 2: n = 13). In Group 1, mean absorption from salt was 47.77% (SD 14.58%) and from polymaltose, 46.56% SD 17.07%). In Group 2, mean absorption from salt was 32.92% (SD 13.42%) and from polymaltose, 27.07% (SD 6.50%). In a second study, 100 mg of iron in a chewable formulation was used to compare absorption between equal doses of ferrous fumarate and the polymaltose complex. Mean absorption from salt was 10.25% (SD 6.89%) and from polymaltose 10.68% (SD 4.68%). At all three dosage levels, iron is equally available from salt or polymaltose for hemoglobin synthesis (p greater than 0.20), and absorption negatively correlated with plasma ferritin (p less than 0.01). These two materials may be used interchangeably in the treatment of patients with absolute iron deficiency.
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PMID:Oral iron therapy in human subjects, comparative absorption between ferrous salts and iron polymaltose. 659 14

In determining iron bioavailability as iron gained in hemoglobin relative to intake, blood volume is calculated for the iron-deficient animals at the initiation of a feeding trial and again on the iron-repleted animals at the termination of the trial. However, the effect of iron deficiency on percent blood volume in the rats commonly used in iron repletion studies has not been determined. In experiment 1, we noted the relationship between body weight and blood volume in 18 randomly selected healthy male rats with a weight range of 95-278 g. In experiment 2, the in vivo disappearance of Evans blue dye from the plasma of 17 rats and the precision of the dye dilution method for estimating known volumes of heparinized rat blood were studied. From this information, linear regression equations were developed to more accurately estimate blood volume in vivo. In experiment 3, we studied blood volume relative to body weight in 122 weanling male rats at four levels of anemia. These animals were fed a low iron diet and bled to achieve anemia in 7 days. In the subsequent repletion interval, the rats were fed diets supplemented with ferrous sulfate for periods of 0, 5, 10 or 15 days, after which hemoglobin and blood volume were determined, and the animals were killed. Though body weight and blood volume were linearly correlated (r = 0.78), no such association existed between body weight and percent blood volume (r = 0.058). Blood volume held constant at 7.5 +/- 0.1 (mean +/- SE) percent of body weight in weanling prepubescent rats of 30-45 days of age regardless of iron status.
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PMID:Effect of iron-deficiency anemia on percent blood volume in growing rats. 672 77

Fully crossed, factorially arranged experiments showed that, under defined conditions, interactions occur between nickel and iron, nickel and copper, arsenic and zinc, and possibly vanadium and chromium. Nickel and iron interacted when dietary iron was supplemented as ferric sulfate only. Signs of nickel deprivation were more severe when dietary iron was low; or the signs of moderate iron deficiency were more severe when dietary nickel was deficient. When iron was supplemented to the diet as a 60% ferric-40% ferrous sulfate mixture, nickel and iron apparently did not interact. The findings suggested a synergistic relationship between nickel and iron when dietary iron was in a relatively unavailable form. An antagonistic interaction between nickel and copper was found when dietary iron was supplemented as a 60% ferric-40% ferrous sulfate mixture. Signs of copper deficiency were more severe in nickel-supplemented than in nickel-deprived rats. When the rats were made severely iron deficient by feeding of low levels of ferric sulfate only, no apparent interaction between nickel and copper was found. The interaction between arsenic and zinc apparently was noncompetitive. When dietary zinc was 40 microgram/g, arsenic-deprived chicks exhibited depressed growth and elevated hematocrits. In zinc deficiency, growth was more markedly depressed and hematocrits more markedly elevated in arsenic-supplemented than in arsenic-deficient chicks. Arsenic might be necessary for the efficient utilization or metabolism of zinc. Findings indicating an interaction between vanadium and chromium were tentative. In one experiment, the addition of 500 microgram of chromium/g of diet apparently made 5 micrograms of vanadium/g of diet toxic for chicks. Thus, the interactions between essential trace and ultratrace elements might be of nutritional significance.
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PMID:Interactions between essential trace and ultratrace elements. 694 Apr 72

A patient with lung cancer treated by radiation and in remission presented with a two-month history of compulsive eating of raw, chilled potatoes. Suspicion of a pica due to iron-deficiency anemia was confirmed after complete laboratory evaluation. The source of iron loss was found to be gastrointestinal bleeding. Therapy with iron sulfate was begun, with a subsequent increase in the hemoglobin level; the pica ceased within one week of initiation of therapy. If searched for, pica is a common manifestation of iron deficiency; however, this patient apparently represents the first report of geomelophagia. Appropriate investigation of compulsive eating habits might lead to the diagnosis of iron deficiency and also allay patients' anxieties toward their behavior.
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PMID:Geomelophagia. An unusual pica in iron-deficiency anemia. 714 84

Mild iron deficiency is common among infants, adolescents and women during the childbearing years. Practical and economical approaches toward its identification, treatment and prevention are needed. Laboratory screening is based on hemoglobin or hematocrit determinations compared with age-specific and sex-specific reference standards. If blood specimens have been analyzed by electronic counter, the presence of a normal or low-normal value for red cell volume increases the likelihood that anemia is due to iron deficiency. Other laboratory tests that may be helpful in selected cases include determining serum ferritin, transferrin saturation or erythrocyte protoporphyrin values. However, in most cases, a simple therapeutic trial with ferrous sulfate may be instituted on the basis of history and a screening test alone. If repeat laboratory studies after a month show no improvement, iron treatment should be stopped and other causes of anemia should be considered.
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PMID:Iron deficiency: diagnosis and treatment. 725 64

Imferon (Merrell-National), an iron-dextran complex, is widely used in patients with iron deficiency. It is present in the circulation in appreciable amounts for two to three weeks after administration and interferes with all tested colorimetric iron assays, both with and without deproteinization. The amount of the plasma Imferon iron interference depends primarily on the choice of reductant. With dithionite it is essentially 100%. In the presence of ascorbic acid and hydroxylamine, the interference depends also on assay conditions, especially temperature, but also incubation time and pH. The minimum interference in a homogeneous assay was about 3%. The relative amount of interference from hemoglobin iron under the various assay conditions is different from that of Imferon iron. In the presence of a reducing agent, the dextran-iron complex decomposes--instantaneously with dithionite, and gradually with sulfite, ascorbic acid, and hydroxylamine. The freed iron becomes dialyzable, can react with bathophenanthroline, and elutes on a Sephadex G-50 or G-15 column in the same fractions as an ammonium ferrous sulfate.
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PMID:Interference of imferon in colorimetric assays for iron. 726 10

In 53 children with moderate iron deficiency (haemoglobin 7,5 to 12 g/dl) divalent iron salts as tablets (59Fe2+-fumarate, -succinate, -sulfate) were tested versus placebo (controlled double-blind study). Gastrointestinal side effects were most frequently seen with iron succinate (50%) and iron sulfate (25%). Therapeutic success as measured by haemoglobin regeneration was not significantly different among the three iron salts, but significantly more effective than in the placebo group. Children beyond the age of two years mostly refused the application of tablets and should be supplied with liquid preparations.
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PMID:[Therapy of juvenile iron deficiency with bivalent iron dragees (Fe2-fumarate, succinate, sulfate). Controlled double-blind study]. 739 Mar 66

A comparative study has been made on the mechanisms of toxicities of trivalent and hexavalent forms of chromium in Neurospora crassa. Of the two forms, Cr6+ is more toxic than Cr3+. The toxicity of Cr3+ was found to be due to its specific antagonism with iron uptake. Fe3+ was found to be very effective in reversing the toxicity of Cr3+ by concomitantly suppressing its uptake. That the Cr3+ toxicity caused a conditional intracellular iron deficiency was indicated by the decrease in the activities of catalase and uricase and a progressive increase in the excretion of iron binding compound into the medium. The toxicity of Cr6+ (as Cr2O7(2-)) was found to be due to its specific antagonism of sulfate uptake. Methionine was found to be more effective in reversing dichromate toxicity than sulfate, probably by repressing the synthesis of sulfate permeases responsible for dichromate (Cr6+) uptake. Maximal uptake of Cr6+ was nearly tenfold lower and Vmax much higher than that of Cr3+. Evidence has been adduced to show that Cr6+ and Cr3+ were toxic by themselves and that interconversion between the tri- and hexavalent forms of chromium did not occur to any detectable extent.
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PMID:Chromium toxicity in Neurospora crassa. 779 96

The effect of iron deficiency on the attention span was studied in 169 school children between 6 to 11 years of age. All were studied by hematological procedures and psychological methods in order to know the nutritional status for iron and their capacity of attention. Then were treated with iron sulfate for 12 weeks, and the hematological and psychological studies were repeated. Results shown iron deficiency anemia in 17.1 percent of the children, and iron deficiency, without anemia, in 14.7 percent. After treatment of the school children the scores and time required in a visual attention test improved. Also there was a favorable change in the scores obtained by one the subtests of the WISC Test. Findings are discussed and it is mentioned that a program for combating iron deficiency anemia through food fortification most be implemented.
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PMID:[Effect of iron deficiency on attention capacity among school children]. 785 99

The common practice of screening children for iron deficiency with hematocrit (HCT) or hemoglobin detects only those children with iron deficiency severe enough to cause anemia. At 40 cents per test, zinc protoporphyrin (ZPP) can be measured in the physician's office and identify iron deficiency before anemia develops. The purpose of our study was to evaluate ZPP screening in young children by hematofluorimetry. All children between 9 and 36 months old were enrolled over a 1-year period. All children with HCT < 33% or iron deficiency (ZPP > or = 50 mumoles per mole-heme) were treated with ferrous sulfate at 3 mg-Fe/kg/day for 3 months. Four hundred and fifty-eight children were screened with a blood ZPP and spun HCT at entry. Two hundred and forty-three children (53%) had both a normal ZPP and HCT, 155 (34%) had a ZPP > or = 50 and normal HCT, 26 (6%) had a ZPP > or = 50 with HCT < 33%, and 34 (7%) had a normal ZPP and HCT < 33%. Of those with an elevated ZPP and normal HCT, 76% had a therapeutic response to iron therapy, with a 10% decrease in ZPP (P < 0.005). ZPP had a greater sensitivity (81%) than HCT (16%) in identifying children with iron deficiency. ZPP proved to be an effective and inexpensive addition to HCT in identifying children with iron deficiency.
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PMID:The use of zinc protoporphyrin in screening young children for iron deficiency. 795 88


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