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Query: UMLS:C0240066 (iron deficiency)
 7,156 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The purpose of the present study was to examine whether impaired milk folate secretion during maternal iron deficiency is due to an altered flux of folates within the mammary secretory cell. Specifically we sought to determine whether the folate substrates of methionine synthase and the products of folylpolyglutamate synthetase are altered during iron deficiency in vivo. Rats were fed diets containing 0.5, 2.0 or 7.0 mg/kg folate and 8(Fe-) or 250(Fe+)mg/kg Fe throughout gestation and lactation. On day 17 of lactation dams were milked and killed. The concentration of reduced, methylated (5-CH3-H4), nonmethylated short and long chain forms of folate in milk were determined using a differential microbiological technique. Total mean milk folate concentrations among Fe- dams fed 2.0 and 7.0 mg/kg folate were half that of Fe+ dams fed 2.0 and 7.0 mg/kg folate. Despite this, the relative proportion of reduced, 5-CH3-H4, short and long chain folates did not differ in milk from Fe+ or Fe- dams. Approximately 75% of milk folates were methylated. Only Fe+ dams fed 7.0 mg/kg folate produced milk containing significant quantities of incompletely reduced folates. In conclusion, activity of the mammary epithelial cell enzymes methionine synthase and folylpolyglutamate synthetase in vivo, are unaffected by iron deficiency and therefore are not responsible for the dramatic reduction in milk folate secretion.
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PMID:The impact of iron deficiency on the flux of folates within the mammary gland. 151 41

Decreased milk folate secretion in iron-deficient rat dams contributes to the impairment of folate metabolism in nursing pups. The present study was designed to assess whether impaired milk folate secretion secondary to iron deficiency is due to a decrease in the supply of folate to the mammary gland or to an inability of the mammary gland to effectively use folate. Rats were fed diets containing 0.5, 2.0 or 7.0 mg folate/kg and 8 (-Fe) or 250 (+Fe) mg Fe/kg throughout gestation and until d 17 of lactation. Regardless of dietary Fe content, maternal plasma, red blood cell, liver and kidney folate concentrations correlated with dietary folate content (r = 0.75-0.85, p less than 0.0001). With the exception of plasma folate level, which was 46% lower for -Fe than +Fe dams fed 0.5 mg folate/kg, no other differences in indices of folate status were noted between +Fe and -Fe dams. Dietary folate content had a direct impact on milk folate content in +Fe dams but not in -Fe dams. Mammary tissue methionine synthase and folylpolyglutamate synthetase activities were not depressed in Fe deficiency; rather, mean activities were elevated among -Fe dams fed 0.5 mg folate/kg. In conclusion, the reduction in milk folate secretion during Fe deficiency is not due to a decrease in the amount of folate supplied to the mammary gland; rather, the defect causing this reduction is specific to the mammary gland.
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PMID:Impaired milk folate secretion is not corrected by supplemental folate during iron deficiency in rats. 234 14

To understand the mechanisms responsible for aluminum (Al) toxicity and tolerance in plants, an expressed sequence tag (EST) approach was used to analyze changes in gene expression in roots of rye (Secale cereale L. cv Blanco) under Al stress. Two cDNA libraries were constructed (Al stressed and unstressed), and a total of 1,194 and 774 ESTs were generated, respectively. The putative proteins encoded by these cDNAs were uncovered by Basic Local Alignment Search Tool searches, and those ESTs showing similarity to proteins of known function were classified according to 13 different functional categories. A total of 671 known function genes were used to analyze the gene expression patterns in rye cv Blanco root tips under Al stress. Many of the previously identified Al-responsive genes showed expression differences between the libraries within 6 h of Al stress. Certain genes were selected, and their expression profiles were studied during a 48-h period using northern analysis. A total of 13 novel genes involved in cell elongation and division (tonoplast aquaporin and ubiquitin-like protein SMT3), oxidative stress (glutathione peroxidase, glucose-6-phosphate-dehydrogenase, and ascorbate peroxidase), iron metabolism (iron deficiency-specific proteins IDS3a, IDS3b, and IDS1; S-adenosyl methionine synthase; and methionine synthase), and other cellular mechanisms (pathogenesis-related protein 1.2, heme oxygenase, and epoxide hydrolase) were demonstrated to be regulated by Al stress. These genes provide new insights about the response of Al-tolerant plants to toxic levels of Al.
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PMID:Expressed sequence tag-based gene expression analysis under aluminum stress in rye. 1248 Oct 53