Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0240066 (iron deficiency)
 7,156 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The investigation of vitamin sufficiency of 96 children 4-15 years old living in Moscow with decreased hemoglobin level (less 120 g/l) has been carried out in spring in 2001. Most of the children (90 per cent) had the combined deficiency of B group vitamins and carotenoids while they were sufficiently vitamin C supplied. There were only 2 per cent of children adequately supplied with all vitamins. Range correlation between hemoglobin blood level and riboflavin and tocopherols serum concentration has been observed. Marked negative linear correlation between riboflavin and malone dialdehyde serum content has been revealed: more sufficiently supplied with vitamin B2 child has lower lipid oxidative product level. Thus the necessity of vitamin B2 including in complex therapy of iron deficiency is based.
 ...
PMID:[The connection between vitamin and antioxidant status of the children with decreased hemoglobin level]. 1287 53

The most sustainable way to eradicate iron deficiency is through food fortification. Elemental iron powders are commonly utilized as fortificants due to their low cost and few sensory problems. However, their bioavailability is unknown. Our goals were to measure the bioavailability of elemental iron in Mexican style corn masa flour tortillas and to evaluate the effects of Na(2)EDTA. We used a stable isotope of H(2)-reduced iron powder, with and without Na(2)EDTA in tortillas prepared with corn masa flour. Two groups of 5- to 7-y-old children (n = 12/group) were fed tortillas to which was added 3 mg/100 g of H(2)-reduced (58)Fe with a mean particle size of 15 micro m. In one group, Na(2)EDTA was incorporated at a ratio of 1:2 mol/mol. The next day, (57)Fe ascorbate was given as a reference dose. After 14 d, blood samples were analyzed for isotopic enrichment. When normalized to 40% absorption of the reference dose, the geometric mean (+/-range 1 SD) bioavailability of reduced iron in tortilla was 3.8% (2.7-5.3). The addition of Na(2)EDTA, tended to increase it (P = 0.18) to 5.1% (2.8-9.2). This observed low absorption was compounded by the use of iron isotopes with smaller particle size (mean diameter 15 micro m) than typical of commercial elemental iron powder (<45 micro m). We conclude that H(2)-reduced iron powder is an ineffective fortificant in corn tortillas.
 ...
PMID:The poor bioavailability of elemental iron in corn masa flour is not affected by disodium EDTA. 1474 75

Due to control of florid and severe cases of protein-energy malnutrition, deficiencies of micronutrients in children have assumed public health importance. According to National Nutrition Monitoring Bureau of India, over 50% of apparently healthy looking children have subclinical or biochemical deficiencies of vitamin A, vitamins B2, B6, folate and vitamin C. Over two-third of children have clinical evidences of iron deficiency while deficiency of trace minerals like iodine and zinc is quite common in certain populations. Children have food preferences and they are quite fussy to take green leafy vegetables and fruits thus compromising their intake of micronutrients from dietary sources. The full genetic potential of the child for physical growth and mental development may be compromised due to subclinical deficiencies of micronutrients which are commonly referred to as "hidden hunger". Micronutrients are required for the integrity and optimal functioning of immune system. Children with subclinical deficiency of micronutrients are more vulnerable to develop frequent and more severe common day-to-day infections thus triggering a vicious cycle of undernutrition and recurrent infections. A number of micronutrients are required for optimal physical growth and neuromotor development. Isolated deficiencies of micronutrients are rare in clinical practice and usually deficiencies of multiple micronutrients co-exist. The first 3 years of life are most crucial and vulnerable to the hazards of undernutrition. All efforts should be made so that preschool children are given a balanced and nutritious home-based diet. However, it has been shown that it is not possible to meet 100% requirements of recommended dietary allowances (RDA's) of micronutrients from dietary sources alone and most preschool children need administration of nutritional supplements to optimize their genetic potential for physical growth and mental development.
 ...
PMID:Role of micronutrients for physical growth and mental development. 1497 88

Ascorbate has long been thought to play an important role in intestinal iron absorption. The recent identification of a possible ascorbate-dependent duodenal ferric reductase suggests a role for intracellular ascorbate in the control of iron absorption. We set out to determine whether duodenal ascorbate concentrations are altered by treatments known to alter the rate of iron absorption and whether ascorbate levels affect duodenal reductase activity. Duodenal ascorbate was extracted and assayed by HPLC and/or a chemical assay. Ferric reductase was assayed in vitro with ferric nitrilotriacetate or nitroblue tetrazolium as substrates. Duodenal ascorbate concentrations were increased by iron deficiency, genetic hypotransferrinemia, and hypoxia. Parenteral iron overload increased iron stores but did not affect duodenal ascorbate concentrations. Hemolytic anemia induced in mice by phenylhydrazine injection also did not affect duodenal ascorbate concentrations. In vitro studies with incubated duodenum showed that decreased tissue ascorbate was associated with decreased mucosal ferric reductase activity, whereas incubation with dehydroascorbate prevented both the decrease in ascorbate concentration and reductase activity. Mouse duodenum ascorbate concentrations changed in response to treatments that altered iron absorption rates; in particular, ascorbate levels generally increased when iron absorption was increased by iron deficiency, hypoxia, or genetic hypotransferrinemia. We conclude that changes in ascorbate levels are associated with changes in ferric reductase activity. These findings are consistent with the proposal that duodenal ascorbate plays a role in intestinal iron absorption.
 ...
PMID:Duodenal ascorbate levels are changed in mice with altered iron metabolism. 1498 37

Iron-deficiency or anemia in pregnancy is a major public health problem in China. This cross-sectional study was carried out to observe the association between iron status and multiple vitamin levels of Chinese pregnant women in the third trimester. We measured iron, ascorbic acid, retinol, folate and vitamin B12 in serum, and riboflavin in urine specimens of 1,163 pregnant women in four sites throughout rural and city areas in China. Based on hemoglobin concentrations (Hb), the subjects were divided into an anemia group with Hb < 110 g/L or Hb < or = 100 g/L as severe anemia group, and nonanemia group with Hb > or = 110 g/L. Results showed that 41.58% of the population with serum iron < 700 microg/L and 51.04% of the population with ferritin < 12 microg/L in the anemia group, percentages that were much higher than those in the nonanemia group. Relationships between five vitamins and hemoglobin concentrations of all subjects were observed. There was a lower level of serum ascorbic acid (291.05 microg/dL) in the Hb < or = 100 g/L group than in the Hb > or = 120 g/L group (487.79 microg/dL) (p < 0.001). Serum levels of vitamin B12 and folate were 445.67 pg/mL and 5.94 ng/mL in the Hb < or = 100 g/L group, whose levels were much lower than the levels of 502.01 pg/mL (p < 0.012) and 8.07 ng/mL (p < 0.010) respectively in the Hb > or = 120 g/L group. Further, cross-sectional analysis showed positive correlations between abnormal hematological results and prevalences of vitamin deficiencies. The subjects with iron-deficiency anemia had much higher rates of vitamin C, folate and vitamin B12 deficiencies than those in the nonanemic subjects, and especially in the deficient rates of ascorbic acid and folate in the anemia (Hb < 110 g/L) group, which reached 64.04% and 22.70% respectively. Moreover, we observed that the decreasing trends of hemoglobin concentrations were accompanied by the decreases of serum levels of vitamin A, ascorbic acid, folate and vitamin B12. In conclusion, multiple vitamin deficiencies, especially ascorbic acid, retinol and folic acid, may be associated with anemia or iron deficiency in pregnant women in the last trimester. The study suggested that anemic pregnant women in China should be supplemented with iron and multiple vitamins simultaneously.
 ...
PMID:The multiple vitamin status of Chinese pregnant women with anemia and nonanemia in the last trimester. 1524 11

In view of the high prevalence of iron deficiency in preschool children and its consequences, this study was carried out to examine the effect of nutrition education and dietary modification on 438 two- to six-year-old nursery school children in Tehran in 1999. Sixty-two children who were judged anemic, iron-depleted, or having low iron stores were randomly allocated to "control," "dietary modification" (consuming one additional citrus fruit after lunch), and "nutrition education" (teaching the mothers proper eating patterns based on the food pyramid) groups. Food habits were surveyed, including 24-hour dietary recall and food frequency, as well as timing of consumption of special items; this survey was carried out for each child before and after intervention. After three months, blood samples were taken from the subjects. The prevalence of anemia, iron depletion, and low iron stores was 11.4, 62.8, and 15.1% respectively, with no significant differences observed in hemoglobin and percent transferrin saturation (%TS) between the groups. Mean+/-SD serum ferritin concentrations in "control," "diet modification," and "nutrition education" groups were 8.9+/-3.1, 9.5+/-3.7, and 6.9+/-2.3 microg/dL. The same figures at the end of intervention were 6.9+/-3.5, 11.2+/-5, and 10.7+/-5.9 microg/dL, respectively. Analysis of variance showed ferritin concentrations to be significantly different, in that there was a reduction in the control and elevation in the nutrition education groups. There was no significant difference in %TS before and after the intervention. During three months of intervention, changes in frequency of fruit and fruit juice intake after the meals in nutrition education and diet modification groups were significantly correlated to serum ferritin alteration. Frequency of fruit juice intake (rich in vitamin C) after meals (at least five times a week) can significantly increase serum ferritin within three months. Therefore, educating mothers of iron-deficient children while increasing the iron stores in children can prevent the recurrence of iron deficiency and result in general child well-being.
 ...
PMID:Effect of nutrition education and diet modification in iron depleted preschool children in nurseries in Tehran: a pilot study. 1558 Aug 8

The analysis of vitamin and iron indexes of 95 children sufficiently supplied with vitamin C and vitamin B2 and carotenoids deficiency has been carried out. Vitamin E deficit takes place among anemic children (with decreased hemoglobin blood level) 2 fold more often than among healthy children. From another side, decreased hemoglobin blood level, erythrocyte quantity and erythrocyte indexes have been determined 1.7-2.4 fold more often in insufficiently supplied with vitamin E children. Tocopherols serum level had tendency to the decrease and vitamin E deficit took place 2 fold more frequently in children suffering from iron deficiency anemia that is with decreased hemoglobin and serum ferritin concentrations. Marked positive linear correlation between these iron indexes and vitamin E serum level has been revealed. These results give evidence concerning significant role of this vitamin in the body iron supplying. The results obtained give evidence for multi-deficient anemia presence among children, which are not always caused by iron deficit. High frequency of vitamin E and B group vitamins deficiency proves expediency of these vitamins inclusion in complex therapy of iron deficiency.
 ...
PMID:[The connection between vitamin and iron status indexes of school-age children]. 1568 56

Iron deficiency is the most common cause of nutritional anemia. During pregnancy there is a high risk of developing it, due to the increase of iron requirements for fetal and maternal tissues growth. The objective of this study was to determine the iron nutritional status in early pregnancy and to determine its relationship with the dietary intake. The study applied a cross-sectional and descriptive design in 419 pregnant women (13-41 y) from Valencia, Carabobo, Venezuela. Serum ferritin was determined by enzimoinmunoassay and hemoglobin by a semi-automated method. Dietary iron intake was assessed through two non-consecutive 24 hours recalls. Statistical analysis included basic descriptives, Fisher exact test, Chi-square, and Mann-Whitney tests; with a statistical significance of p < 0.05. The iron deficiency and anemia prevalence were 16.2% and 14.4%, respectively; corresponding 36.6% to ferropenic anemia. 10.4%, 29.0% and 24.2% of the women had deficient intake for iron, vitamin C and A, respectively. There were no significant differences by age. A nutritional risk was observed regarding the iron status, demonstrated by the percentage of ferropenic anemia and because the main dietary contribution came from non-heme iron, which has low bioavailability. Additionally, there was an important percentage of inadequate vitamin C and A intakes; hence, their contribution to iron absorption was limited.
 ...
PMID:[Iron stores status at early pregnancy]. 1600 44

The aim of the work was to study the level of vitamins C, B12 and folic acid in latent iron deficiency of different etiology (hipo- and anacid gastritis and menorrhagia). 81 patients with latent iron deficiency were investigated. Vitamin C levels were measured by refractometry, folic acid and vitamin B12 by radioimmune assay. The obtained results showed significant decrease of ascorbic acid and less apparent decrease of folic acid in the blood plasma. The content of vitamin B12 was unchanged. Decrease of vitamin C level is related to the changes of initial stages of iron metabolism and its further absorption. Less apparent changes of folic acid and vitamin B12 indicates, that such important stages of erithropoesis as DNA replication and cell proliferation are intact. Our results indicate to the development of metabolic disorders prior to revelation of iron deficiency anaemia, which need timely correction.
 ...
PMID:[Vitamins C, B12 and folic acid in latent iron deficiency]. 1636 81

The anemia of chronic kidney disease is associated with cardiovascular disease, decreased quality of life, and mortality. The introduction of recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEPO) has transformed the management of this condition. However, a significant proportion of patients fail to respond to even high doses of rHuEPO. Several factors have been implicated in the hyporesponsiveness to rHuEPO. Iron deficiency, whether absolute or functional, is considered the most important, and maintenance of adequate iron stores reduces rHuEPO requirements among patients on hemodialysis. However, traditional indices of iron that are currently utilized may not reflect iron stores accurately, and there is also increasing concern regarding the potential long-term toxicity of parenteral iron therapy. Infection and inflammation also influence the response to rHuEPO, both by disruption of iron metabolism and by eliciting the release of cytokines that inhibit erythropoiesis. Oxidative stress may contribute to rHuEPO hyporesponsiveness directly by promoting lipid peroxidation in cell membranes, leading to increased erythrocyte fragility and reduced life span and also through its strong association with inflammation. Severe hyperparathyroidism can lead to a reduced number of erythroid progenitor cells. Inadequate dialysis dose, aluminum overload, nutritional factors such as deficiencies of carnitine, vitamin B12, folic acid, and vitamin C can also reduce the efficacy of rHuEPO therapy. Hyporesponsiveness to rHuEPO presents a challenge to both diagnosis and management in an era where optimizing response to rHuEPO is critical both in limiting the burgeoning costs of anemia management and improving clinical outcomes in the dialysis population.
 ...
PMID:Managing erythropoietin hyporesponsiveness. 1655 Dec 93


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>