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Query: UMLS:C0240066 (iron deficiency)
 7,156 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The effect of iron deficiency on the jejunal mucosa was studied in postweaning rats that had received a 3-wk regimen of either iron-deficient or iron-sufficient diet (iron content 6 and 50 mg/kg diet) and in rats given the iron-sufficient diet for 1 wk after the initial 3-wk iron-deficient diet. Morphometric analysis showed little difference in villous height but a significant decrease in mitotic index of the crypt epithelial cells in the iron-deficient group. Direct immunoperoxidase studies showed that iron-deficient rats had substantially fewer sIgA- and IgM-containing cells than iron-sufficient rats. This abnormality was reversed after a 1-wk iron-sufficient diet. We conclude that iron deficiency may impair local immunity in the intestinal mucosa, sensitizing the surface epithelial cells to damage by noxious agents. Similar changes might lead to the syndrome of iron-deficiency anemia and hypoproteinemia in children.
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PMID:sIgA- and IgM-containing cells in the intestinal mucosa of iron-deficient rats. 330 1

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of laboratory methods in the diagnosis of posterythropoietin-era, iron-deficient, chronic renal failure patients. The patient population comprised 25 anemic (hemoglobin < 11 g/dL) patients with creatinine greater than 3 mg/dL; 20 were dialysis patients, two were transplant patients, and three patients had renal failure from other causes. Criteria for study inclusion were as follows: bone marrow iron was the reference standard and was graded 0 to +4, ranging from absent to diffuse homogeneous iron staining; serum ferritin concentration and serum transferrin saturation were tested in terms of sensitivity and specificity. The reference standard indicated that iron deficiency existed in 40% of patients. Neither serum ferritin nor transferrin saturation were completely adequate diagnostic tools. Serum ferritin levels less than 200 ng/dL were 100% specific for the diagnosis but only 41% sensitive. Transferrin saturation of less than 20% was 88% sensitive, but only 63% specific. By excluding patients with hypoproteinemia (transferrin values of < 150 mg/dL), the sensitivity of the test increased to 100% and the specificity to 80%. We conclude that transferrin saturation is an adequate screening tool in anemic chronic renal failure patients, provided that hypoproteinemia is not present. By determining both the serum ferritin concentration and the transferrin saturation, a high sensitivity and specificity can be achieved, even in patients with hypoproteinemia. Furthermore, we believe that on this basis, iron therapy in patients with renal insufficiency can be improved.
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PMID:Diagnosis of iron deficiency anemia in renal failure patients during the post-erythropoietin era. 862 43

Serum ferritin concentration correlates with tissue iron stores in humans, horses, calves, dogs, and pigs but not in rats. Because serum iron and total iron-binding capacity can be affected by disorders unrelated to iron adequacy (such as hypoproteinemia, chronic infection, hemolytic anemia, hypothyroidism, and renal disease), serum ferritin is probably the most reliable indicator of total body iron stores in larger species. To test the hypothesis that serum ferritin might be correlated with tissue iron levels in cats, we developed a quantitative enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay that uses two monoclonal antibodies in a sandwich arrangement to measure feline serum ferritin. The recovery of purified ferritin added to feline sera ranged from 94% to 104%; the within-assay coefficient of variability was 8.4%, and the assay-to-assay variability was 13.2%. Mean serum ferritin from 40 apparently healthy cats was 76 ng/ml (SD = 24 ng/ml). Serum ferritin concentration was significantly correlated (P < 0.001, n = 101, r = 0.365) with the nonheme iron in the liver and spleen (expressed as milligrams of iron per kilogram of body weight), as determined by Pearson product-moment correlation analysis. Because serum iron can decrease in diseases other than iron deficiency, the combination of serum iron and serum ferritin should provide sufficient evidence to differentiate anemia of chronic inflammation from anemia of iron deficiency in the cat.
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PMID:Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to measure serum ferritin and the relationship between serum ferritin and nonheme iron stores in cats. 786 83

The presence of anaemia and serum protein alteration frequently makes the treatment of pressure ulcers more difficult. Several haemato-chemical parameters were observed in 40 patients with sacral pressure ulcers in order to determine the pathogenesis of these complications. All of the patients showed mild-moderate anaemia with low serum iron and normal or increased ferritin and hypoproteinemia with hypoalbuminemia. Our results suggest that both anaemia and serum protein alteration depend on the chronic inflammatory state due to the presence of pressure ulcers. Both anaemia and hypoproteinemia disappeared after pressure ulcer healing. A correct diagnosis is important for the treatment. Iron therapy is useless and potentially dangerous (iatrogenic haemochromatosis) since anaemia is the result of the inability to use iron stores and not iron deficiency. The treatment of serum protein alterations should be based on a dietary therapy rich in protein and calories; the administration of albumin should be reduced, since albumin is low in essential amino-acids and too expensive; albumin administration should be limited to cases with severe hypoproteinemia and oedema.
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PMID:Anaemia and serum protein alteration in patients with pressure ulcers. 902 23

Two toddlers presented to their primary medical providers with anasarca and severe anemia. Laboratory evaluation revealed iron deficiency along with hypoproteinemia and hypoalbuminemia. Both children were diagnosed with iron deficiency anemia and were suspected to have an associated protein-losing enteropathy. A brief review of the literature is provided, and data supporting the notion of protein-losing enteropathy being a consequence of severe iron deficiency anemia are discussed. The American Academy of Pediatrics recommendations for prevention of iron deficiency anemia are reviewed. These cases illustrate the importance of the primary medical care provider's role in preventive medicine and provide an example of severe complications that may arise from iron deficiency anemia if it is not recognized and treated early.
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PMID:Toddlers with anasarca and severe anemia: a lesson in preventive medicine. 2215 60

Celiac disease (CD) rarely presents with life-threatening complications in older individuals. We report a 64-year-old woman who presented with profuse diarrhea, weight loss, hemodynamic instability, hypokalemia, hypoproteinemia, acidosis, and vitamin and iron deficiency. Pathologic and serologic studies confirmed CD presenting with celiac crisis with extensive and severe intestinal disease. Although celiac crisis occurs mostly in childhood and early adulthood, it should be considered in adults presenting with acute severe diarrheal illness, electrolyte abnormalities, and malabsorption.
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PMID:Celiac Crisis in a 64-Year-Old Woman: An Unusual Cause of Severe Diarrhea, Acidosis, and Malabsorption. 2615 25