Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0240066 (iron deficiency)
 7,156 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Iron deficiency (ID) induced in 21 day old male rats for 28 days caused a 7 fold increase in hepatic prolactin (PRL)-specific binding and a parallel 3 fold rise in serum PRL, as expected from both the reported reduction in central dopaminergic (DA) activity and PRL's up-regulating effect on its own liver receptors. Similarly, serum testosterone was increased by 80%. Prostatic PRL binding was slightly reduced (by 27%), possibly because of masking by the raised hormone levels, although more likely by a more generalized reduction in proliferation during ID, as indicated by the 50% prostatic weight loss. Chronic treatment with neuroleptics also increased hepatic PRL binding in accord with their anti DA activity: chlorpromazine (10 mg/kg) or fluphenazine (5 mg/kg) injected daily (i.p.) for 21 days followed by a 3 day drug-free period resulted in 26 and 10 fold increases, respectively. The parallel reductions of serum levels of PRL (by 40%) and of testosterone (by 70%) by both drugs is indicative of the drug withdrawal supersensitivity normally observed in the caudate nucleus DA receptor. A testicular peripheral effect of the neuroleptics probably further accounted for the reduction in testosterone synthesis, reinforcing the induction of liver PRL binding by these drugs and explaining their negative effects on prostate PRL binding and weight. These findings stress the importance of monitoring hormone levels in ID and during treatment with neuroleptics, in order to avoid endocrine side-effects.
 ...
PMID:Increased hepatic and reduced prostatic prolactin (PRL) binding in iron deficiency and during neuroleptic treatment: correlation with changes in serum PRL and testosterone. 285 97

Nutritional iron deficiency (ID), like neuroleptic treatment, results in a reduction in dopaminergic activity and a rise in serum prolactin (PRL). Since PRL has been shown to regulate its own receptors, we studied PRL binding sites during the above treatments. ID induced in 21 day old male rats for 28 days, or treatment with either chlorpromazine (10 mg/kg per day i.p.) or fluphenazine (5 mg/kg per day i.p.) for 21 days or haloperidol (5 mg/kg per day i.p.) for 9 days, caused significant increases (3- to 8-fold) in [125I]oPRL specific binding to the liver membranes. The combined treatment with haloperidol and ID, as above, resulted in an additive effect on hepatic PRL receptors, suggesting that the actions of neuroleptics and ID may be either submaximal or mediated by two different mechanisms. After 7 days or recovery from ID, the induced PRL receptors were completely reduced to the control values. In vitro desaturation of the induced PRL binding sites with MgCl2 caused a further increase (1.57-fold) in PRL binding. Characterization of the hepatic PRL binding sites induced by ID showed properties similar to those reported for the classical PRL receptors, including specificity for the lactogenic hormones, a high affinity constant (2.38 X 10(10) M-1) and inhibition of PRL binding to the induced receptors by an anti-PRL receptor antibody. The results of this study further support the suggested role of endogenous PRL in inducing its own receptors.
 ...
PMID:Characterization of the hepatic prolactin receptors induced by chronic iron deficiency and neuroleptics. 287 66

Risk factors for lactational failure in puerperium were investigated. Sixty mothers with inadequate daily milk supply for their babies were the lactational failure group, and 60 mothers with similar age having babies with similar age and weight were chosen as the control group. Low prolactin levels, low serum iron and low serum ferritin levels and low aldosterone values and birth in community hospitals were associated with significantly increased risk of deficient lactation. High income of the family, increase osmolality of breastmilk, high systolic blood pressure of the mother, birth by cesarean section were some of the variables that increased the risk that could not reach the level of significance. Prematurity of the baby was not among the risk factors if the gestational ages were more than 30 weeks. It is concluded that physicians awareness of the factors that may adversely effect the initiation and continuation of lactation is vital. Correcting iron deficiency even if it is not overt, sparing more time for the mothers discussing the benefits of breastmilk to their babies, and avoiding cesarean section if possible may help increase the incidence of breastmilk feeding.
 ...
PMID:Lactational failure--study of risk factors in Turkish mothers. 796 1

The authors present more than 20 years' experience with coeliac disease, with a summary of their published studies. Hair shaft characteristics were determined by scanning electron microscopy. Hair diameter was significantly lower and cuticular erosion scores higher in those who were not on gluten-free diets as compared to controls, showing a tendency towards normal values following start of gluten-free diets. Proton-induced X-ray emission showed significantly lower zinc content of the hair shaft in the group with acute coeliac disease and after a short-term diet, which approached the normal range only after a year-long diet. The serum prolactin levels in healthy controls and in coeliac patients on the diet were within normal limits, whereas in children with coeliac disease taking gluten in their meals, a significant hyperprolactinaemia was found. The erythrocyte glutathione content of coeliac children was elevated, and the glutathione disulfide level was significantly decreased, as compared to values in normal controls. The erythrocyte glutathione disulfide level and glutathione disulfide/erythrocyte glutathione ratio in coeliac children also differed from those in children with iron deficiency. With genotyping, the DQB1*0201/2 (p < 0.00001) and DR3 (p < 0.00001), DR7 (p < 0.01) alleles showed significant positive association with the disease.
 ...
PMID:Coeliac disease: always something to discover. 986 22

Serum prolactin may reflect CNS dopaminergic function. Because iron deficiency (ID) alters brain dopamine in rats, serum prolactin levels were previously investigated in infants with varied iron status. High serum prolactin levels correlated with behaviors typical of chronic ID. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of infant iron status on serum prolactin levels after a stressor in early adolescence. One hundred fifty-nine of 191 children enrolled in infancy (chronic ID, n = 46; good iron comparison group, n = 113) had serum prolactin measurements after catheter placement at 11-14 y of age. Serum prolactin levels were compared by sex, pubertal status and infant iron status and the pattern of change over time was compared by infant iron status controlling for pubertal stage and background factors. Males and less mature adolescents had lower serum prolactin concentrations than females and more mature adolescents. Controlling for these factors, the serum prolactin response pattern differed significantly by infant iron status. Serum prolactin declined earlier for the chronic ID group. In conclusion, an altered serum prolactin response pattern was observed 10 y after chronic ID in infancy and may suggest a long-lasting effect of ID on the regulation of prolactin.
 ...
PMID:Iron deficiency in infancy predicts altered serum prolactin response 10 years later. 1696 51

To honor the late John Beard's many contributions regarding iron and dopamine biology, this review focuses on recent human studies that test specific hypotheses about effects of early iron deficiency on dopamine system functioning. Short- and long-term alterations associated with iron deficiency in infancy can be related to major dopamine pathways (mesocortical, mesolimbic, nigrostriatal, tuberohypophyseal). Children and young adults who had iron deficiency anemia in infancy show poorer inhibitory control and executive functioning as assessed by neurocognitive tasks where pharmacologic and neuroimaging studies implicate frontal-striatal circuits and the mesocortical dopamine pathway. Alterations in the mesolimbic pathway, where dopamine plays a major role in behavioral activation and inhibition, positive affect, and inherent reward, may help explain altered social-emotional behavior in iron-deficient infants, specifically wariness and hesitance, lack of positive affect, diminished social engagement, etc. Poorer motor sequencing and bimanual coordination and lower spontaneous eye blink rate in iron-deficient anemic infants are consistent with impaired function in the nigrostriatal pathway. Short- and long-term changes in serum prolactin point to dopamine dysfunction in the tuberohypophyseal pathway. These hypothesis-driven findings support the adverse effects of early iron deficiency on dopamine biology. Iron deficiency also has other effects, specifically on other neurotransmitters, myelination, dendritogenesis, neurometabolism in hippocampus and striatum, gene and protein profiles, and associated behaviors. The persistence of poorer cognitive, motor, affective, and sensory system functioning highlights the need to prevent iron deficiency in infancy and to find interventions that lessen the long-term effects of this widespread nutrient disorder.
 ...
PMID:Early iron deficiency has brain and behavior effects consistent with dopaminergic dysfunction. 2134 4