Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0240066 (iron deficiency)
 7,156 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We determined serum ferritin, C-reactive protein (CRP), fibrinogen, and the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) in 73 patients with anemia of chronic disease. Nomograms of CRP, ESR, or fibrinogen vs ferritin concentrations were constructed and used to estimate the iron store in bone marrow. Iron stores estimated from the nomograms were compared with the results of staining cytological bone marrow smears for iron, the reference method for evaluating iron in bone marrow. In contrast to the results of Witte et al. (Clin Chem 1985;31:1011; Am J Clin Pathol 1986;85:202-6 and 1988;90:85-7), we observed that nomograms of CRP, fibrinogen, or ESR (i.e., acute-phase reactants not influenced by changes in iron metabolism) vs ferritin are not suitable to correct for the acute-phase component of changes in ferritin concentrations. For ferritin concentrations less than 70 micrograms/L, we found that iron deficiency, as judged from bone marrow iron stain, apparently was always present.
 ...
PMID:Measurements of serum ferritin used to predict concentrations of iron in bone marrow in anemia of chronic disease. 190 71

The iron status of 203 Zairian pregnant women--38 with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection (HBsAg[+]), 94 with antibodies to the surface antigen (Anti-HBs[+]), and 71 without HBV markers (HBsAg[-]/Anti-HBs[-]) -- was assessed. Participants ranged in age from 15 to 42 and had parities of 1-12; they were recruited from Mama Yemo Hospital in the summer of 1983. Hemoglobin (Hb), serum iron, total iron binding capacity, and transferring saturation (TS) were determined by standard techniques and serum ferritin (FERR) by radioimmunoassay. To rule out inflammation and/or infection which increase FERR levels, C-reactive protein (CRP) and alpha1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) were also measured. There was no significant difference in the mean levels of any of the hematologic measurements, FERR, CRP, and AGP between the 3 HBV groups. Women who took iron supplements had slightly higher mean levels of Hb but no serum FERR or TS than those who did not. Women with inflammation and identical HBV markers had higher mean FERR levels than those without inflammation. Neither the prevalence of anemia, which varied between 32-35%, not that of iron deficiency, which varied between 52-59%, differed significantly between the 3 groups of women. It is concluded that in pregnant women, chronic asymptomatic HBV infection is not associated with a lower prevalence of iron deficiency and/or anemia.
 ...
PMID:Iron status of Zairean pregnant women with and without serological markers of hepatitis B virus infection. 202 85

The majority of anemias in the United States are characterized by low mean corpuscular volume and thus are classified as microcytic. Iron deficiency, chronic disease and thalassemia traits are the three leading causes of microcytic anemia. The true cause of anemia must always be sought so that the prevalence estimates of iron deficiency are accurate and so that appropriate treatment can be initiated for the anemic individual. In both the clinical setting and in surveys, the most frequent differential diagnosis of microcytic anemia will involve distinguishing between iron deficiency and chronic disease. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), zeta-sedimentation rate (ZSR), and C-reactive protein (CRP) are elevated in a variety of diseases. These indicators may help differentiate the anemia of chronic disease from iron deficiency, so that iron deficiency is not overestimated in hospitalized and aged populations. The red cell distribution width (RDW) appears to be elevated to a greater extent in iron deficiency than in chronic disease or thalassemia traits. RDW and CRP are two of several indicators of iron status in the third National Health and Examination Survey (NHANES III).
 ...
PMID:Iron: nutrition monitoring and nutrition status assessment. 224 93

To define the hematologic changes during a mild viral infection, 93 infants were immunized with live attenuated measles virus and studied prospectively at 0, 4, 9, 14, 21, and 30 days. Hemoglobin concentration decreased significantly by days 9 and 14. The decrease was greater than 1.0 g/dL in 8.6% and greater than 0.6 in 24.3% of the infants. Of the nonanemic infants, 22% became anemic. Serum iron and percentage saturation of transferrin decreased, whereas serum ferritin increased significantly. Mean cell volume, iron-binding capacity, protoporphyrin, and haptoglobin did not show changes. Reticulocyte index and erythropoietin increased significantly at 30 days. Leukocyte counts, Zetacrit, and C-reactive protein did not help to predict the hemoglobin decrease. These results suggest that a mild viral infection in infants induces a significant decrease in hemoglobin that may persist for 14 to 30 days and may be difficult to distinguish from iron deficiency.
 ...
PMID:Anemia of a mild viral infection: the measles vaccine as a model. 279 79

The interrelationships between various components of the non-immune inflammatory response (white cell count, plasma lactoferrin, C-reactive protein, ferritin, iron and iron-binding capacity), were studied serially in a variety of inflammatory conditions including acute lobar pneumonia, active pulmonary tuberculosis, rheumatoid arthritis on gold therapy and sepsis in the face of marrow hypoplasia induced by chemotherapy. Lactoferrin concentrations paralleled the white count in all groups. They were highest in pneumonia and tuberculosis, mildly elevated in rheumatoid arthritis and markedly decreased in neutropenic sepsis. Very high initial lactoferrin concentrations were associated with a poor prognosis in acute pneumonia. C-reactive protein and ferritin concentrations remained elevated through the period of study in acute pneumonia and neutropenic sepsis, while they gradually normalised over weeks in subjects with tuberculosis or rheumatoid arthritis on therapy. In pneumonia and tuberculosis moderate hypoferraemia and a reduced iron-binding capacity were evident. In contrast, a raised percentage saturation was present in neutropenic sepsis, probably related to erythroid marrow suppression. Comparisons between ferritin, lactoferrin and C-reactive protein in the various groups supported the concept that ferritin behaves in part as an acute phase reactant and that hypoferraemia in inflammation is due to deviation of iron into ferritin stores. The suggestion that lactoferrin is responsible for the hypoferraemia and hyperferritinaemia was not supported by the present data. Iron deficiency appeared to limit the hyperferritinaemic response in rheumatoid arthritis, while erythropoietic inhibition by chemotherapy dampened the hypoferraemic response in neutropenic sepsis.
 ...
PMID:The non-immune inflammatory response: serial changes in plasma iron, iron-binding capacity, lactoferrin, ferritin and C-reactive protein. 378 68

The hematologic status of 265 patients with rheumatoid arthritis was assessed. In the group as a whole, a mild depression in the hemoglobin concentration and mean cell volume (MCV) was associated with an increase in the red blood cell distribution width (RDW), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and platelet count. Bone marrow trephine biopsies and further measurements of iron status and disease activity were done in [a further] 38 more anemic patients, and the findings in those with absent marrow iron (iron deficiency) were compared with those having stainable stores (anemia of chronic disorders). The RDW was raised in both, and there was no significant difference between the two groups. The concentrations of nonheme iron in the marrow and of serum ferritin were significantly lower in the iron-deficient group, but the geometric mean serum ferritin of 34 micrograms/L was still a good deal higher than that associated with uncomplicated iron deficiency. This was presumably because of the fact that the serum ferritin, which was significantly correlated with the ESR (r 0.55; P less than 0.0004) and C-reactive protein (CRP) r 0.41; P less than 0.01), was also functioning as an acute phase protein. While there was a weak correlation (r 0.37; P less than 0.04) between the marrow nonheme iron and the serum ferritin concentrations, it disappeared when nonactive patients with normal CRP concentrations were excluded. The absence of a correlation is unlike the findings that have previously been noted in other chronic inflammatory conditions and in neoplasia. This raises the possibility that serum ferritin concentrations in rheumatoid arthritis may reflect, in part at least, another store of iron located in affected joints.
 ...
PMID:Hematologic and iron-related measurements in rheumatoid arthritis. 381 50

The report is concerned with the levels of 17 specific serum proteins in 46 women using plastic nonmedicated Dana-Super IUDs. Blood samplings were carried out 3 times: just before IUD introduction, and 30 and 54 weeks after the insertion of IUD. The following proteins except haptoglobin were quantitatively determined by radial immunodiffusion: prealbumin, albumin, orosomucoid, alpha1-antitrypsin, ceruloplasmin, alpha2-HS-glycoprotein, alpha2-macroglobulin, hemopexin, C3-component, transferrin, beta2-glycoprotein 1, C-reactive protein and immunoglobulins IgG, IgA, IgM and IgD. Moderately increased values were found for alpha2HS-glycoprotein and beta2-glycoprotein 1 in sera taken 30 weeks after the insertion of IUD. At the same time the augmentation of alpha1-antitrypsin was established. This might be evoked by the raised protease activity in biological fluids of genital region. The raise in consequence of IUD application of transferrin and the decrease of haptoglobin at the 1st postinsertion examination and the decrease of hemopexin and albumin at the 2nd may be associated with higher menstrual bleeding followed by iron deficiency. All other proteins as well as the acute phase proteins showed only minor if any differences as compared with the corresponding start values. Similarly, there is no evidence of a systemic immunoglobulin response to IUD use.
 ...
PMID:Specific serum protein levels in women using intrauterine contraceptive device. 696 68

Iron deficiency is common in hemodialysis patients, particularly if they are on recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEPO) therapy. Ten anemic patients (hemoglobin concentration 89 +/- 2.2 g/l, mean +/- SEM) on hemodialysis with either storage (serum-ferritin < 60 mg/l) and/or functional (S-transferrin saturation < or = 17%) iron deficiency were followed for 5 weeks. During the first 3 weeks they were given 100 mg of iron dextran on 10 consecutive dialysis sessions. Half of the patients were concomitantly treated with rHuEPO. Iron therapy resulted in a rapid elevation in serum transferrin iron saturation from 11 +/- 1.5% to 80 +/- 7.2% (p < 0.0001), but it decreased to pre-treatment levels within 2 weeks after discontinuation of iron therapy. Serum ferritin concentration increased from 157 +/- 73 mg/l to 434 +/- 105 mg/l during iron therapy (p < 0.0001). In spite of this only 4 patients (2 rHuEPO treated) responded and had a hemoglobin increment > 10 g/l. In the whole group serum transferrin receptor (TfR) levels remained stable, but increased after the cessation of iron dextran only in the rHuEPO treated patients (p < 0.01). In the responders the TfR levels were higher during iron therapy than in the nonresponders (p < 0.02). In an attempt to explain the resistance to iron therapy, serum concentrations of C-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-1b (IL-1b) were also analyzed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Iron availability is transiently improved by intravenous iron medication in patients on chronic hemodialysis. 861 62

Inflammation is one of the major causes of resistance to erythropoietin (EPO) treatment. In the present study, the relationship between serum C-reactive protein (s-CRP) and the dose of recombinant human EPO required to maintain hemoglobin levels at approximately 12 g/dL was analyzed in 30 hemodialysis patients. The weekly EPO dose in patients with s-CRP > or = 20 mg/L was, on average, 80% higher than in patients with s-CRP less than 20 mg/L. The EPO doses and s-CRP were both inversely correlated to the levels of serum albumin and serum iron, suggesting that the principal mechanism by which inflammatory cytokines inhibit erythropoiesis is coupled to iron metabolism, ie, functional iron deficiency. Our results demonstrate the usefulness of s-CRP as a predictor of resistance to EPO treatment.
 ...
PMID:High C-reactive protein is a strong predictor of resistance to erythropoietin in hemodialysis patients. 910 46

We defined erythropoietin (EPO) resistance by the ratio of the weekly EPO dose to hematocrit (Hct), yielding a continuously distributed variable (EPO/Hct). EPO resistance is usually attributed to iron or vitamin deficiency, hyperparathyroidism, aluminum toxicity, or inflammation. Activation of the acute-phase response, assessed by the level of the acute-phase C-reactive protein (CRP), correlates strongly with hypoalbuminemia and mortality in both hemodialysis (HD) and peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients. In this cross-sectional study of 92 HD and 36 PD patients, we examined the contribution of parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels, iron indices, aluminum levels, nutritional parameters (normalized protein catabolic rate [PCRn]), dialysis adequacy (Kt/V), and CRP to EPO/Hct. Albumin level serves as a measure of both nutrition and inflammation and was used as another independent variable. Serum albumin level (deltaR2 = 0.129; P < 0.001) and age (deltaR2 = 0.040; P = 0.040) were the best predictors of EPO/Hct in HD patients, and serum albumin (deltaR2 = 0.205; P = 0.002) and ferritin levels (deltaR2 = 0.132; P = 0.015) in PD patients. When albumin was excluded from the analysis, the best predictors of EPO/Hct were CRP (deltaR2 = 0.105; P = 0.003) and ferritin levels (deltaR2 = 0.051; P = 0.023) in HD patients and CRP level (deltaR2 = 0.141; P = 0.024) in PD patients. When both albumin and CRP were excluded from analysis in HD patients, low transferrin levels predicted high EPO/Hct (deltaR2 = 0.070; P = 0.011). EPO/Hct was independent of PTH and aluminum levels, PCRn, and Kt/V. High EPO/Hct occurred in the context of high ferritin and low transferrin levels, the pattern expected in the acute-phase response, not in iron deficiency. In well-dialyzed patients who were iron replete, the acute-phase response was the most important predictor of EPO resistance.
 ...
PMID:Acute-phase response predicts erythropoietin resistance in hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis patients. 991 69


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>