Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0240066 (iron deficiency)
 7,156 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Essential thrombocytosis is a myeloproliferative disease not known to have consistent cytogenetic abnormalities. A 46-year-old black woman with essential thrombocytosis and a Philadelphia chromosome is reported. Iron deficiency and tuberculosis were present but when effectively treated did not result in resolution of thrombocytosis. Megakaryocytic hyperplasia of bone marrow, abnormal platelet function studies and a compatible clinical state suggested the diagnosis of essential thrombocytosis. The diagnostic criteria for other myeloproliferative diseases were not met. The Philadelphia chromosome was consistently obtained from bone marrow preparations. We conclude that the Philadelphia chromosome may be found in essential thrombocytosis as well as other, previously reported, myeloproliferative diseases.
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PMID:Essential thrombocytosis with the Philadelphia chromosome (Ph'). 370 92

Sixty-five patients with primary proliferative polycythaemia (polycythaemia rubra vera) were followed during the period 1962-83 and analysed retrospectively. Primary control of PCV was by venesection only with low dose busulphan solely as required to keep the platelet count below 400 X 10(9)/l. Median survival was 11.1 years from diagnosis which is equal to or marginally better than with other reported regimens. Vascular causes of death were only a little higher than expected in a comparable normal population. Only deaths from acute leukaemia and myelofibrosis were significantly increased above the normal population incidence. There was no evidence to suggest that these transformations were busulphan induced. Analysis of the incidence of occlusive vascular lesions lends support to an earlier recommendation that the PCV level be maintained below 0.45. No support was found for the possible disadvantages of a predominantly venesection regimen, such as iron deficiency and reactive thrombocytosis. The case is put for this use of low dose busulphan. The data presented would warrant the future inclusion of this therapeutic regime as one limb of a controlled trial.
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PMID:Treatment of primary proliferative polycythaemia by venesection and low dose busulphan: retrospective study from one centre. 408 55

Enlarged spleen, fever, increased susceptibility to infections, and thrombocytosis, are manifestations of iron deficiency which are relatively specific of pediatric patients. Iron deficiency anemia is part of everyday pediatrics. Patients are referred to the hematologist in the following situations: 1) Therapy is ineffective for one of the following reasons: the hypochromic anemia is not caused by iron deficiency (hemoglobinopathies); iron is less efficiently used because of transferrin deficiency or infectious, inflammatory or cancerous disease; iron therapy is inadequate either because of insufficient dosage or of suboptimal duration. 2) A relapse occurs in spite of adequate therapy. Before investigating the digestive tract, abnormal hemostasis. Osler-Weber-Rendu syndrome and pulmonary hemosiderosis should be considered. 3) Iron deficiency anemia is less common in adolescents. This condition, known as chlorosis, results mainly from increased needs, unbalanced diet, and onset of menses. In some cases no explanation is found but iron therapy leads to recovery. 4) Difficult problems arise in patients with complex anemias: iron deficiency with folic acid or vitamin B12 deficiency; hyposideremia complicating one of the hemoglobinopathies.
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PMID:[Iron-deficiency anemia. Hematologist's viewpoint]. 629 49

Packed red cell volume (VPRC) and total blood volume chiefly affect oxygen transport to tissues and produce the syndrome of polycythemic hyperviscosity. Several studies have demonstrated that a raised VPRC increases the blood viscosity and, under a measured pressure, decreases the flow rate in a capillary tube. Reduced flow results in a less effective tissue perfusion. The oxygen transport at different values of VPRC is shown by an inverted arc-like curve: at normal VPRC levels the oxygen transport is optimal. Hypervolemia affects oxygen transport to tissues: at the same VPRC values, hypervolemic patients have a better oxygen transport. In polycythemia vera (PV), hypervolemia may partially reduce the damage due to the increased blood viscosity. However, in some local areas where fixed vessel diameter (from arteriosclerosis) limits the increased blood flow, hyperviscosity may result in a local tissue ischemia. A relative iron deficiency with associated microcytosis due to venesection frequently occurs in PV. It is also associated with a delayed red blood cell filtration which may contribute to hyperviscosity. When thrombocytosis is present, the risk of thrombotic complications is furthermore increased. We report symptoms and signs at the onset in a series of 80 patients affected by PV. All patients have a minimum follow-up of 4 years. We also report the course of the illness, the treatment effectiveness (venesection, dibromomannitol) on clinical symptoms, the survival curve with analysis of prognostic factors at the onset and the causes of death.
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PMID:[Polycythemic hyperviscosity syndromes]. 667 89

We determined the platelet count and MPV in 100 normal subjects, in 147 subjects with thrombocytopenia or thrombocytosis due to other than primary hematologic disorders, and in smaller groups with immune or septic thrombocytopenia or iron deficiency. In these groups, the inverse, nonlinear relation between MPV and platelet count was the same as in a previous study of normal subjects. The same relation between platelet volume and count was found in individual patients as platelet counts rose during recovery from immune or septic thrombocytopenia. The concomitant progressive fall in MPV during recovery from thrombocytopenia, at which times rapidly rising platelets counts were necessarily associated with a population of young platelets, suggests that magnitude of stimulation of thrombopoiesis, not platelet age, is the major determinant of platelet volume. In contrast, as compared to normal persons with similar platelet counts, MPV was increased in subjects with heterozygous thalassemia but decreased in patients receiving chemotherapy for malignancy or renal transplantation. The undefined mechanism of regulation of platelet formation from megakaryocytes, reflected by the inverse relation of platelet size and count, thus seems altered in these disorders. Platelet volume is an easily obtained variable that appears to be useful in the evaluation of abnormal platelet production.
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PMID:The inverse relation between platelet volume and platelet number. Abnormalities in hematologic disease and evidence that platelet size does not correlate with platelet age. 682 64

Eight young children with renal failure, undergoing continuous peritoneal dialysis (CDP) and presenting an anemia (hemoglobin level [Hb] 57 to 89 g/l) were treated by subcutaneous recombinant human erythropoietin (rHu EPO) twice weekly. The initial dose of 75 U/kg was adjusted to induce progressive increase of Hb with a target level of 100-120 g/l. Treatment duration was 24 weeks in five of these children and 10 to 13 weeks in the three others. In seven cases out of eight, anemia was corrected. The target Hb level was reached in 3 to 21 weeks with rHu EPO doses of 150 to 300 U/kg/w (mean: 200 U/kg/w) for four children without recent transfusion; then the median maintenance dose was 135 U/kg/w (range: 50-300 U/kg/w). In only one patient, Hb never reached a level higher than 77 g/l despite weekly dose of 350 U/kg, a reticulocytosis of 5.6%, rHu EPO treatment lasting up to 24 weeks and the absence of iron deficiency. In any case, no transfusion was necessary after the first day of rHu EPO treatment. In three patients, the increase of a preexisting hypertension required the adaptation of antihypertensive treatments. One patient presented a marked thrombocytosis. In conclusion, twice-a-week subcutaneous injections of 75 to 150 U/kg of rHu EPO appear to be well tolerated and effective in the treatment of anemia of CPD children.
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PMID:[Effectiveness of and tolerance to human recombinant erythropoietin in the treatment of kidney failure anemia in children undergoing continuous peritoneal dialysis. Multicenter study]. 777 95

Although full blood counts (FBC) are among the most commonly performed laboratory tests, the contribution of routine FBCs to the diagnosis of new problems is controversial. This study represents a unique linkage of a consultant haematology team, reviewing all abnormal blood counts, to an organization providing ambulatory health care to 350,000 patients. The objective was to establish the underlying clinical disorders responsible for all abnormal FBCs during a 2-month period, and to estimate the impact of the haematology team on the diagnostic work-up and management of newly identified problems. 572 (2.55%) of the 22,454 FBCs were abnormal. Of these, 357 showed microcytosis, caused by iron deficiency (58%), thalassaemia minor (35%), inflammation (6%) or chronic renal failure (1%). The most common causes of normocytic anaemia (25 patients) were disseminated malignancy and acute blood loss; of macrocytosis (27 patients), chronic liver disease and cancer; of erythrocytosis (16 patients), chronic hypoxia; of thrombocytopaenia (48 patients), chronic liver disease and ITP; of thrombocytosis (47 patients), iron deficiency and inflammation; of leukopaenia or pancytopaenia (20 patients), cirrhosis and disseminated malignancy; and of leukocytosis (26 patients), chronic leukaemias in the elderly and infection in children. Major new haematological abnormalities were encountered in 0.24% of all blood counts, representing about one new diagnosis per day. Routine blood counts do contribute to the health care of a population. Screening for haematological disease through a central clinical laboratory covering a large high-risk ambulatory population offers a cost-effective way of searching for serious clinical problems, alerting the primary physicians of their existence, and offering advice in continued evaluation and problem management.
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PMID:The haematologist as watchdog of community health by full blood count. 779 88

In 14 of 23 patients seen with coeliac disease thrombocytosis was present (range: 420,000 to 789,000 platelets per cubic mm) and was unrelated to iron deficiency or inflammatory syndrome. Among patients with thrombocytosis (group I), 6 had an associated autoimmune disease; this association was absent in patients without thrombocytosis (group II). There was no correlation between thrombocytosis and lymphocyte count, plasma IgA, IgG, IgM and fibrinogen levels, presence of HLA B8 antigen or histological stage. On the other hand, group I patients had a lower plasma level of albumin, phosphorus and folates. We conclude that thrombocytosis is useful in the assessment of patients with coeliac disease and reflects an enhanced activity of the disease. Moreover, the presence of thrombocytes in these patients' blood may indicate a major risk of associated autoimmune disease.
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PMID:[Thrombocytosis of celiac disease in adults: a diagnostic and prognostic marker?]. 824 65

Chronic exposure of adult rats to dietary intake of cadmium (15 mg CdCl2/day/kg for 30 days) leads to development of anemia and thrombocytosis. Anemia is characterized by significant reticulocytosis (13.1 +/- 1.0%), anysocytosis, poikilocytosis, iron deficiency and marked alterations of antioxidant and metabolic status of red blood cells. Activities of SOD, catalase, GPx and GR were significantly increased in red blood cells of cadmium-treated rats. In treated animals cadmium induced an increase of red cell reduced and oxidized glutathione with no changes of GSSG/GSH ratio. However, significant reduction of lipid peroxidation was found. Plasma levels of tocopherol and ascorbate, as well as activity of glutathione-S-transferase, were all significantly increased in cadmium-treated rats. The energy metabolism of red blood cells was deeply altered in cadmium-treated rats. The levels of ATP, ADP, AMP and TAN were significantly increased while ATP/ADP ratio and adenylate energy charge (AEC) were significantly reduced. The level of 2,3-BPG was somewhat lower, but 2,3-BPG/Hb ratio was considerably higher, in red blood cells of cadmium-treated rats.
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PMID:Cadmium-induced changes of antioxidant and metabolic status in red blood cells of rats: in vivo effects. 837 Apr 23

Until recently, thrombocytoses in childhood were considered to be rare. The literature on this subject is scarce and contradictory. When thrombocytosis is defined as a platelet count of more than 500 x 10(9)/L (500 000/mm3 or 500 000/microL), the occurrence in routine examinations at pediatric hospitals can be estimated as 3 to 13%. These are almost exclusively secondary thrombocytoses, which are the result of infections (most frequently), trauma and surgery, hypoxemia, immunologic disturbances, premature birth, gastrointestinal disorders, medications, stress situations, or previous loss of platelets. The secondary thrombocytosis usually has less then 800 x 10(9)/L platelets, is temporary, and occurs predominantly in infants and young children. If only thrombocytosis is present, thrombotic complications are practically nonexistent. Antithrombotic prophylaxis is not necessary unless other risk factors for thrombosis are present, such as vessel damage, permanent iron deficiency, hyperviscosity, immobilization. Primary thrombocytoses due to a defect of stem cells are extremely infrequent in childhood.
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PMID:Thrombocytosis in childhood. 858 60


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