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Query: UMLS:C0240066 (iron deficiency)
 7,156 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Red cell ferritin was measured in normal subjects and patients with disorders of iron metabolism, inflammation, liver dysfunction, impaired hemoglobin synthesis, and increased red cell turnover by means of radioimmunoassays with antibodies to liver (basic) and heart (acidic) ferritins. The normal mean values for basic and acidic ferritin were 8.9 and 22.7 altogram (ag)/cell, respectively. The red cell ferritin content reflected changes occurring in tissues both in iron deficiency and iron overload. Basic ferritin was more closely related to the body iron status than acidic ferritin, and the acidic/basic ferritin ratio was increased in iron deficiency and decreased in iron overload. The major factor determining the red cell ferritin content appeared to be the transferrin saturation, that is, the distribution of iron between monoferric and diferric transferrin. This is in keeping with recent data indicating a competitive advantage of diferric transferrin in delivering iron to erythroid cells. In addition, the red cell ferritin content was increased in thalassemic patients with normal iron status, appearing to be inversely related to the rate of hemoglobin synthesis. The determination of red cell ferritin, based on a commercially available basic ferritin assay, can have clinical application. It can be used for evaluating the adequacy of the iron supply to the erythroid marrow, particularly in patients with increased red cell turnover. Moreover, it may be useful in evaluating the body iron status in patients with hemochromatosis and liver disease.
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PMID:Biologic and clinical significance of red cell ferritin. 662 42

The diagnostic usefulness of bone marrow hemosiderin, serum ferritin, transferrin saturation, mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and red cell protoporphyrin (EPP) in the evaluation of iron status in patients on chronic hemodialysis was studied in 39 subjects. The correlation between serum ferritin and the number of transfusions received per month was slightly higher (r = 0.717; p less than 0.001) than the correlation between bone marrow hemosiderin and transfusions (r = 0.685; p less than 0.01). Serum ferritin was useful in identifying subjects with both increased or reduced iron stores. In contrast, transferrin saturation could only be used for indicating iron overload. MCV for indicating iron deficiency, and EPP was not useful in either case. The abnormal increase of EPP in chronic uremia has not been previously described. It is unrelated to iron deficiency and is most probably explained by the known reduction in red cell ferrochelatase activity associated with chronic uremia. Serum ferritin is clearly the most useful diagnostic aid for assessing iron stores in patients on chronic hemodialysis. Whether ferritin is also the best predictor of response to iron therapy, cannot be determined on the basis of the present data.
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PMID:Evaluation of iron status in patients on chronic hemodialysis: relative usefulness of bone marrow hemosiderin, serum ferritin, transferrin saturation, mean corpuscular volume and red cell protoporphyrin. 663 60

The mechanism and the regulation of intestinal iron absorption are described. Iron absorption is enhanced from animal foods, whereas it is reduced from vegetable foods. These data can be useful in the treatment of iron deficiency and iron overload.
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PMID:[Intestinal absorption of iron. Mechanism and interactions]. 670 24

Red cell ferritin was measured in normal subjects and patients with iron deficiency and iron overload by means of radioimmunoassays with antibodies to liver (basic) and heart (acidic) ferritins. In most of the subjects examined, red cells were found to contain greater amounts of heart-type than liver-type ferritin. The basic ferritin content reflected the abnormal body iron status both in iron deficiency and iron overload while the acidic ferritin content was less closely related to the iron status. The two immunologically different red-cell ferritins probably represent distinct ferritin molecules and may have different metabolic functions within haem-synthesizing erythroid cells.
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PMID:Ferritin in the red cells of normal subjects and patients with iron deficiency and iron overload. 683 Jul 6

The effect of phlebotomy on 44 patients (33 men and 11 women) with porphyria cutanea tarda (PCT) is described. All had typical biochemical and clinical signs of PCT. The patients were bled until slight anemia and signs of iron deficiency. In patients who were bled frequently and who were not given iron supplements in conjunction with phlebotomy, urinary uroporphyrin excretion decreased to 1 mg (or 1.2 mumol) a day or less in 1-8 months (mean 4 months) and then continued to decrease long after the treatment had been stopped and became normal in many patients. A decrease in porphyrin excretion comparable to that in patients treated with phlebotomy occurred in only two out of 12 controls. Remission occurred in patients treated with phlebotomy who had iron overload as well as in patients with quantitatively normal iron stores and in patients abstaining from alcohol as well as in patients who continued their abuse of alcohol. The disappearance of skin fragility and ulcers coincided roughly with the time when the urinary excretion of uroporphyrin decreased to about 1 mg (1.2 mumol) a day. After 43 remissions (in 43 patients) not followed by iron medication, one relapse occurred after a period of 20 months. In 5 patients in whom their iron stores were replenished a relapse occurred in all within 18 months. After longer observation periods relapses occurred also after remissions not followed by iron medication. During observation periods of 3-10 years 15 out of 41 patients relapsed biochemically. These had re-accumulated iron stores spontaneously. The results indicate that phlebotomy is consistently effective and probably exerts its effect mainly by reduction of iron stores.
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PMID:Phlebotomy treatment of porphyria cutanea tarda. 696 27

In healthy persons the plasma ferritin concentration is a sensitive index of the size of body iron stores. It has been successfully applied to large-scale surveys of the iron status of populations. It has also proved useful in the assessment of clinical disorders of iron metabolism. A low plasma ferritin level has a high predictive value for the diagnosis of uncomplicated iron deficiency anemia. It is of less value, however, in anemia associated with infection, chronic inflammatory disorders, liver disease and malignant hematologic diseases, for which a low level indicates iron deficiency and a high level excludes it, but intermediate levels are not diagnostic. Measuring the plasma ferritin concentration is also useful for the detection of excess body iron, particularly in idiopathic hemochromatosis, but again it lacks specificity in the presence of active hepatocellular disease. If iron overload is suspected in these circumstances determination of the iron content of a percutaneous liver biopsy specimen is required. In families with idiopathic hemochromatosis the combined determination of the plasma ferritin concentration and the transferrin saturation is a sufficient screen to identify affected relatives; however, estimation of the hepatic iron concentration is required to establish the diagnosis.
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PMID:Plasma ferritin concentrations: their clinical significance and relevance to patient care. 699 66

Tissue isoferritins are a family of proteins whose role in the storage of iron has been established for many years. More recently, isoferritins have been detected and quantitated in serum. Their concentrations, which vary in different pathological states, facilitate a follow-up examination of an iron deficiency or of an iron overload. The use of this single parameter instead of classical methods of investigation presents real progress in the treatment of patients with abnormalities of iron metabolism.
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PMID:[Tissue and serum isoferritins in human pathology (author's transl)]. 701 59

Intervention strategies to combat iron deficiency anemia in developing countries may hasten the development of iron overload in patients with an inherited defect in hemoglobin synthesis. This risk could be diminished if there was a rapid and simple method available for detecting iron overload in population screening programs. We have developed such a method, which is in effect a semiquantitative ferritin measurement based on a modification of a two-site enzyme-linked immunoassay. The assay requires only 2 drops of whole blood and a total incubation time of 90 min. The procedure, which can readily distinguish iron deficiency from even a modest increase in storage iron, has a potentially wide application in settings where a prompt assessment of iron status is required.
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PMID:A screening test for assessing iron status. 703 25

We made direct noninvasive magnetic measurements of hepatic iron stores with a specially designed superconducting quantum-interference-device (SQUID) susceptometer in 20 normal subjects and in 110 patients with liver disease, iron deficiency, hereditary hemochromatosis, or transfusional iron overload. Magnetic in vivo measurements of liver non-heme iron were closely correlated with chemical in vitro measurements in liver-biopsy specimens (r = 0.98, P less than 10(-5) up to 115 mumol per gram of liver tissue (wet weight) or more. Magnetically determined storage-iron concentrations were below 6.0 mumol per gram in iron-deficient patients and normal men and premenopausal women, but they were raised (9.7 to 31.4 mumol) in 12 of 67 patients with liver disease and were greatly increased (22.9 to 117.7 mumol) in patients with untreated hereditary hemochromatosis or transfusional iron overload. Magnetic measurements of iron stores provide a new quantitative technique for early detection of hereditary hemochromatosis and for rapid evaluation of treatment regimens for transfusional iron overload.
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PMID:Magnetic-susceptibility measurement of human iron stores. 714 66

For the epidemiological evaluation of iron stores the precision of serum ferritin measurement in the low range are important for the accurate determination of the prevalence of iron deficiency and the detection of subtle changes in serum ferritin levels after food iron manipulation. In addition the recognition of iron overload and the evaluation of its severity are important. In this study samples with low serum ferritin values were repetitively measured in a classic radioimmunoassay (RIA) and in two "2-site" immunoradiometric assays (IRMA), one of which used a polystyrene bead and the other a polystyrene tube fas the solid phase. Variability was significantly less with the IRMA using a bead than that using a tube. Optimum precision was noted when samples were run at the lowest possible dilution (1:10) with relatively long reaction times. The bead IRMA was also more precise that the RIA which had a standard curve with 50% radioactive binding (maximum precision) of 40 ng/ml. Within the normal serum ferritin range (12 to 300 ng/ml) extremely similar results were obtained with an RIA and IRMA. However, when iron overload samples (serum ferritin values greater than 2000 ng/ml) were examined the RIA gave values significantly lower than those obtained by IRMA. The lower values by RIA may be related to the immunological heterogeneity of serum ferritin which is maximized by an assay performed in antigen excess (RIA) and minimized by one performed in antibody excess (IRMA). These observations indicate a need for the development of specific serum ferritin assays for epidemiological studies. By manipulating the components of the standard curve the RIA and IRMA can be optimized to provide maximum precision when low serum ferritin values are being measured. in choosing an assay the ability of the method to determine the severity of iron overload must also be taken into consideration.
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PMID:Precision and accuracy of serum ferritin measurements. 723 22


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