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Query: UMLS:C0240066 (iron deficiency)
 7,156 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The detection and enumeration of sideroblasts depend critically on the method used for iron staining of bone marrow smears. Several methods proposed for semiquantitative evaluation of bone marrow hemosiderin (iron stores) were compared with respect to their suitability for detection of normal and abnormal sideroblasts. Instead of the customary percentage of sideroblasts, the introduction of a sideroblast score is proposed and its diagnostic relevance was prospectively studied. Low sideroblast scores are associated with iron deficiency and hypoproliferative anemia. A normal sideroblast score, despite the absence of stainable hemosiderin, exclused the diagnosis of severe iron depletion. Elevated sideroblast scores may be correlated either with iron overload and/or sideroblastic (sideroachrestic) anemias.
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PMID:Sideroblast score: A sensitive indicator of iron deficiency and hypoproliferative anemia. 6 90

Two conditions are liable to lower the alpha:beta globin biosynthesis ratio in reticulocytes: iron deficiency and alpha-thalassaemia. The present paper studies the effect of haemin on reticulocytes from 12 patients who have alpha-thalassaemia and/or are iron deficient. The alpha:beta globin biosynthesis ratio was improved in all these cases. 4 showed initially an alpha:beta synthesis ratio usually associated with alpha-thalassaemia type-1; on the addition of haemin the ratio rose to that associated with alpha-thalassaemia type-2. In the other 8 patients the ratio was initially typical for alpha-thalassaemia type-2, and on addition of haemin the ratio became normal. It is suggested that in iron deficient patients a diagnosis of alpha-thalassaemia type-1 or type-2 cannot be made unless haemin has been added to the test system. If this is not done iron deficiency alone can cause the alpha:beta globin synthesis ratio to resemble that associated with alpha-thalassaemia type-2, and iron deficiency in combination with alpha-thalassaemia type-2 can cause the ratio to resemble that typical for alpha-thalassaemia type-1. Reticulocytes from 8 alpha-thalassaemic patients without iron deficiency did not show a marked haemin effect (less than 5%), and in 1 patient with iron overload, the ratio actually fell by about 10%.
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PMID:Interaction between iron deficiency and alpha-thalassaemia: the in vitro effect of haemin on alpha-chain synthesis. 9 95

Aim of the study was the evaluation of the diagnostic value of the parameters of iron metabolism in normal adults and also in patients suffering from uncomplicated iron deficiency, iron overload due to repeated blood transfusions, malignant lymphoma and Crohn's disease. In these patients, the determination of serum ferritin increased the diagnostic efficiency only in poly-transfused patients with iron overload.
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PMID:[Serum ferritin and its diagnostic significance in iron metabolism disorders]. 29 34

(1) Brief introduction to iron metabolism and the biochemistry of ferritin. (2) Early studies of circulating ferritin. (3) Methods for measuring serum ferritin concentrations -- immunoradiometric, radioimmuno- and enzyme-linked immuno assays based on liver or spleen ferritin -- an evaluation of these techniques. (4) Serum ferritin concentrations in normal subjects -- definition of normality -- relationship between storage iron and serum ferritin concentrations -- changes during development from birth to old age -- iron deficiency -- variability of serum ferritin concentration -- evaluation of use of ferritin assay for assessment of storage iron levels. (5) Serum ferritin concentrations in disease -- hemochromatosis -- secondary iron overload -- liver damage -- infection and chronic disease -- cancer. (6) Assay of serum ferritin with antibodies to ferritins other than liver or spleen -- ferritinemia and cancer. (7) Properties of serum ferritin -- molecular weight -- iron content -- isoelectric focusing patterns -- carbohydrate content -- immunological properties. (8) Physiology of circulating ferritin -- release of ferritin from tissues -- origin of circulating ferritin -- clearance from the plasma -- iron and protein turnover. (9) Summary -- factors influencing serum ferritin concentrations and clinical use of ferritin estimations.
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PMID:Serum ferritin. 37 39

Ferritin is an iron storage protein which has been shown to be present in blood serum only recently. An immunoradiometric determination of ferritin in 324 subjects with different iron stores is reported. In healthy men and women a ferritin concentration of 131 microgram/l (SD: 1,59) and 67 microgram/l (SD: 1,79) was found respectively. In male and female blood donors as well as patients with iron deficiency and iron overload significant differences of serum ferritin concentration could be demonstrated. In clinical practice the determination of serum ferritin is a valuable method for the estimation of body iron stores.
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PMID:[Ferritin. Radioimmunological determination in serum and clinical significance (author's transl)]. 59 79

The relationship between serum ferritin and duodenal ferritin was examined in normal subjects and in patients with iron deficiency, secondary iron overload, or idiopathic hemochromatosis (IHC). A positive correlation between serum ferritin and duodenal ferritin concentrations was found in all groups. In the iron-overload conditions, duodenal ferritin concentration was lower at all levels of serum ferritin in comparison with normal and iron-deficient subjects. Patients with secondary iron overload did not differ from those with IHC, which indicates that any decrease in duodenal ferritin concentration was secondary to the excess body iron stores. Purified duodenal ferritin from normal subjects and patients with iron-overload conditions showed the same two distinct isoferritins by isoelectric focusing. After the oral administration of iron, two additional isoferritins were detected. These resembled the major isoferritins of liver.
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PMID:Duodenal ferritin content and structure: relationship with body iron stores in man. 66 70

The immunoradiometric measurement of ferritin--a major iron storage protein, in serum, provides a new precise method for determination of storage iron with good clinical evaluation. There is a positive correlation between serum ferritin and other direct or indirect parameters of storage iron. In clinical practice determination of serum ferritin is important in patients undergoing regular dialysis treatment, for rheumatoid arthritis, normal and pathological pregnancy and as controls for therapy in iron deficiency, or iron overload.
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PMID:[Serum ferritin- diagnostic and clinical significance]. 75 33

Tests to evaluate body iron stores were compared in patients with iron deficiency and the anemia of chronic disease. The serum ferritin assay separated these disorders in 20 of 22 patients. One discrepancy was explained by the concomitant association of both disorders. From this study and review of literature a low serum ferritin level is a good indication for iron therapy. The serum ferritin assay is a clinically useful test in lieu of bone marrow estimation of body iron stores to detect patients with iron deficiency. Total iron binding capacity levels when high-normal or elevated are sometimes helpful as a screening test in separating iron deficiency from the anemia of chronic disorders. Free erythrocyte protoporphyrin values were elevated in both conditions but were higher in iron deficiency than in the anemia of chronic disorders with considerable overlap of values. Urinary iron excretion with deferoxamine was not helpful in separating these disorders but is a useful test to establish iron overload. An elevated serum ferritin level is usually found with disease of iron overload but serum iron levels, deferoxamine iron excretion tests, and liver biopsy for estimation of iron stores are still beneficial diagnostic aids.
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PMID:Serum ferritin, free erythrocyte protoporphyrin, and urinary iron excretion in patients with iron disorders. 86 19

Iron deficiency is one of the most serious nutritional problems confronting the United States and the world today. An understanding of the mechanisms operative in the control of uptake and utilization of iron is essential to develop suitable prophylactic and therapeutic strategies. Iron excess can also be a serious health hazard. Studies on Bantu siderosis, hemochromatosis and other overload pathologies also provide insight into the intake and storage of this metal. Several models for iron transport across the mucosal membrane are developed. The most satisfactory seems to involve chelation of the iron to provide solubility diffusion passively across the gut membrane, and equilibrium binding to various storage sites within the tissue. Both ferric and ferrous forms are available. The solution chemistry of iron governs its biological behavior. Low-molecular-weight compounds present in normal dietary foodstuffs, as well as those prepared synthetically, can enhance the uptake of oral iron. Suitable application of complexes of iron with fructose, nitrilotriacetate, citrate and other molecules should be efficacious in the treatment of iron deficiency anemia. Potential dangers of food fortification with iron are acknowledged, and application of immunoassay techniques for measuring circulating ferritin suggest it as a rapid and inexpensive monitor for overload.
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PMID:Tired blood and rusty livers. 125 66

Routinely measuring iron status is necessary because about 6% of Americans have negative iron balance, about 10% have a gene for positive balance, and about 1% have iron overload. Deviations from normal iron status are as follows. (a) Stage I and II negative iron balance, ie, iron depletion: In these stages iron stores are low and there is no dysfunction. In stage I negative iron balance, reduced iron absorption produces moderately depleted iron stores. Stage II negative iron balance is characterized by severely depleted iron stores. More than half of all cases of negative iron balance fall into these two stages. When persons in these stages are treated with iron, they never develop dysfunction or disease. (b) Stage III and IV negative iron balance, ie, iron deficiency: Iron deficiency is characterized by inadequate body iron for normal function, producing dysfunction and disease. In stage III negative iron balance, dysfunction is not accompanied by anemia; anemia develops in stage IV negative iron balance. (c) Stage I and II positive iron balance: Stage I positive balance usually lasts for several years with no dysfunction. Supplements of iron and/or vitamin C promote progression to dysfunction or disease. Iron removal prevents progression to disease. Iron overload disease develops in stage II positive iron balance after years of iron overload has caused progressive damage to tissues and organs. Again, iron removal stops disease progression. There are a variety of indicators of iron status. Serum ferritin is in equilibrium with body iron stores.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Everyone should be tested for iron disorders. 835 7


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