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Query: UMLS:C0240066 (iron deficiency)
 7,156 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The major form of glycohemoglobin is hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c). The HbA1c fraction is abnormally elevated in chronic hyperglycemic diabetic patients and correlates positively with glycemic control. Previous studies suggest that iron deficiency anemia (IDA) affects the levels of HbA1c. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of IDA on HbA1c levels in nondiabetic patients. The population studied consisted of 50 patients (30 women, 20 men, mean age 35.7 +/- 11.9 years) with IDA and 50 healthy subjects that were matched for age and sex. Patients who had glucose tolerance abnormalities (impaired glucose tolerance or diabetes mellitus), hemoglobinopathies, hemolytic anemia, chronic alcohol ingestion and chronic renal failure were excluded from the study. Hematologic investigations, fasting and postprandial glucose and HbA1c levels were measured in all subjects before iron therapy. All patients with IDA were treated with iron 100 mg/day for 3 months. We repeated the laboratory investigation after iron therapy. Before iron treatment, the mean HbA1c (7.4 +/- 0.8%) level in patients with IDA was higher than in a healthy group (5.9% +/- 0.5) (p < 0.001). In patients with IDA, HbA1c decreased significantly after iron treatment from a mean of 7.4% +/- 0.8 to 6.2% +/- 0.6 (p < 0.001). Iron deficiency must be corrected before any diagnostic or therapeutic decision is made based on HbA1c.
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PMID:Effect of iron deficiency anemia on the levels of hemoglobin A1c in nondiabetic patients. 1534 93

As many as 10% of pregnancies are complicated by maternal glucose intolerance. With the risk of diabetes and gestational diabetes rising because of the obesity epidemic, that figure is likely to rise. Many obese individuals suffer from the metabolic syndrome, which makes them more prone to glucose intolerance when they are pregnant. Among the potential risks posed by poor maternal glucose control are those to the developing fetal brain. The goal of this article is to acquaint physicians with the results and clinical implications of studies conducted at the University of Minnesota on outcomes of infants of diabetic mothers and, in particular, on the role of iron deficiency in differential brain processing.
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PMID:The effect of maternal diabetes during pregnancy on the neurodevelopment of offspring. 1666 33

In this paper, we first critically appraise the epidemiologic literature examining the association of restless legs syndrome (RLS) with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and then consider whether lessons learned from the study of cardiovascular consequences of other sleep disorders might inform a research agenda to examine the potential mechanisms of cardiovascular morbidity of RLS. Cross-sectional and longitudinal studies are both mixed as to whether there is a meaningful association of RLS and CVD. On the other hand, numerous cross-sectional and longitudinal observational studies have shown a strong association of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) with CVD risk. Each of the potential mediating mechanisms in OSA may also be assessed in RLS, including 1) neural mechanisms such as increased central sympathetic outflow, impaired baroreflex function, diminished heart rate and blood pressure variability, and increased chemoreflex sensitivity, 2) metabolic mechanisms such as glucose intolerance and reduced insulin sensitivity/diabetes as a result of sleep disturbance in RLS, 3) oxidative stress, 4) systemic or vascular inflammatory mechanisms, and 5) vascular mechanisms including impaired endothelial functioning, increased aortic stiffness, hypothalamic-pituitary axis activation or renin-angiotensin-aldosterone activation. Three known characteristics of RLS may contribute to these specific mechanisms of increased cardiovascular risk: 1) periodic limb movements of sleep, which are associated with large increases in heart rate and blood pressure, 2) sleep fragmentation and sleep deprivation, which are known to produce adverse consequences for neural, metabolic, oxidative, inflammatory, and vascular systems, and 3) iron deficiency, which is an emerging risk for cardiovascular disease. Future research priorities include additional epidemiologic studies which characterize multiple CVD risk factors, case-control studies which examine known markers of cardiovascular risk, and small clinical trials which assess the effects of RLS treatment on intermediate physiological markers such as sympathetic activity or baroreflex control, measures of vascular stiffness and reactivity, or measures of insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance.
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PMID:Restless legs syndrome and cardiovascular disease: a research roadmap. 2859 82

Iron is essential for the function of all cells through its roles in oxygen delivery, electron transport, and enzymatic activity. Cells with high metabolic rates require more iron and are at greater risk for dysfunction during iron deficiency. Iron requirements during pregnancy increase dramatically, as the mother's blood volume expands and the fetus grows and develops. Thus, pregnancy is a condition of impending or existing iron deficiency, which may be difficult to diagnose because of limitations to commonly used biomarkers such as hemoglobin and ferritin concentrations. Iron deficiency is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes, including increased maternal illness, low birthweight, prematurity, and intrauterine growth restriction. The rapidly developing fetal brain is at particular risk of iron deficiency, which can occur because of maternal iron deficiency, hypertension, smoking, or glucose intolerance. Low maternal gestational iron intake is associated with autism, schizophrenia, and abnormal brain structure in the offspring. Newborns with iron deficiency have compromised recognition memory, slower speed of processing, and poorer bonding that persist despite postnatal iron repletion. Preclinical models of fetal iron deficiency confirm that expected iron-dependent processes such as monoamine neurotransmission, neuronal growth and differentiation, myelination, and gene expression are all compromised acutely and long term into adulthood. This review outlines strategies to diagnose and prevent iron deficiency in pregnancy. It describes the neurocognitive and mental health consequences of fetal iron deficiency. It emphasizes that fetal iron is a key nutrient that influences brain development and function across the lifespan.
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PMID:Iron deficiency in pregnancy. 3218 47