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Query: UMLS:C0240066 (iron deficiency)
 7,156 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The adequacy of tissue iron supply was examined with ferrokinetic techniques in subjects with decreased plasma iron concentration and in subjects with a normal plasma iron concentration but with increased tissue iron requirements. The competition by transferrin receptors for diferric vs monoferric transferrin was measured in eight normal persons and eight with iron deficiency. There was a highly significant (P less than 0.001) decrease in receptor preference for diferric transferrin in subjects with iron deficiency, indicating an insufficient amount of iron-bearing transferrin to saturate tissue receptors. The adequacy of the plasma iron supply was also examined by determining the number of iron-bearing transferrin molecules with receptors at normal and elevated plasma iron concentrations. Significant increases were found at the higher plasma iron concentration, not only in patients with iron deficiency, but also in patients with sickle cell anemia and thalassemia. Furthermore, the increase in the latter two groups was shown to be proportional to the degree of erythroid hyperplasia. These data indicate that tissue iron supply must be evaluated in terms of both plasma iron supply and erythropoietic requirements and that a relative iron deficiency is frequent in patients with erythroid hyperplasia.
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PMID:Adequacy of iron supply for erythropoiesis: in vivo observations in humans. 368 Nov 15

The authors studied 119 children with microcytic anemia who were selected by lack of response to a month's treatment with oral iron. Family studies and retesting after further treatment with iron were done in all cases to ensure accurate diagnosis. Seventy-five cases of beta-thalassemia minor (BTM) and 40 cases of iron deficiency were identified. In all 75 cases of BTM, at least one parent had a mean cell volume (MCV) less than 79 microns. In 35 of 40 children with iron deficiency, the MCV of both parents was normal. In contrast, Hb A2 was normal in 15% (11 of 75) of children with BTM, until they received additional treatment with oral iron. The authors conclude that in children with microcytic anemia unresponsive to a month's treatment with oral iron, the MCV of the parents is superior to Hb A2 in discriminating between iron deficiency and heterozygous beta-thalassemia. Repeated testing after additional treatment with oral iron may be needed to ensure accurate diagnosis.
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PMID:Discrimination between iron deficiency and heterozygous beta-thalassemia in children. 370 8

A review of 162 patients with Hodgkin disease disclosed 36 with microcytic anemia (mean corpuscular hemoglobin values [MCV] less than 80 fl). Three patients had iron deficiency, and one had beta-thalassemia. Of the remaining 32 patients, 24 had microcytic anemia at the time of diagnosis of Hodgkin disease, and ten, including two patients with this finding initially, developed microcytic anemia in association with recurrence of Hodgkin disease. Seven patients with Hodgkin disease and normal MCV had normal alpha-to-beta-globin chain ratios (1.0 +/- 0.14). Seven patients with Hodgkin disease and MCV less than 80 fl had significantly lower alpha-to-beta chain ratios (0.66 +/- 0.05). Twelve normal controls and four with iron-deficiency anemia and MCV less than 80 fl had normal ratios. Anemia was corrected, and MCV returned to normal in all patients who responded to therapy for Hodgkin disease. In the two patients studied sequentially, abnormal alpha-to-beta-chain ratio was corrected along with the anemia.
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PMID:Microcytosis in Hodgkin disease associated with unbalanced globin chain synthesis. 375 67

Hemoglobin and mean corpuscular volume values appear to be lower among black than among white children. Blood hemoglobin concentration and red cell mean corpuscular volume were measured in 4,074 black boys and girls aged 1 through 20 years who lived near sea level. This is the largest hematologic survey of healthy American black children and adolescents to date. Children with sickle cell disease and elevated hemoglobin F were excluded from the study, but children with the traits for hemoglobin S, hemoglobin C, thalassemia, and iron deficiency were not. The 3rd and 97th percentile values reported here are close to the 95 percent confidence limits, and are adjusted for age and sex.
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PMID:Hemoglobin and MCV values in 4,074 healthy black children and adolescents. 382 Mar 34

The haematological indices of Peninsular Arabs (United Arab Emirate Nationals, Yemeni and Omani) have been examined. The most outstanding feature, seen in 40-50% of all subjects, was one of hypochromia, microcytosis associated with erythrocytosis. In approximately 5% the hypochromia was severe (MCH 19-22 pg) and 20% of these were found to have beta thalassaemia trait. In 10% of subjects the hypochromia was moderate (MCH 23-24 pg) and beta thalassaemia was confirmed in only 10%. The remaining 25% had a mild hypochromia (MCH 25-27 pg) and no beta thalassaemia was detected. The cause of the hypochromia in subjects with a normal Hb A2 (30% of the total population) is probably alpha thalassaemia, firstly because in those patients with an MCH of 19-24 pg the other haematological parameters are statistically the same as those with proven beta thalassaemia and, secondly, in those with an MCH of 25-27 pg iron deficiency is not common (6% of the population). The degree and pattern of the distribution of hypochromia of the three major ethnic groups of the Peninsular Arabs could be explained either by different alpha and beta thalassaemia genes being operative or by different degrees of inbreeding of the same genes.
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PMID:Thalassaemia genes in Peninsular Arabs. 383 31

The red blood cell distribution width (RDW) has been proposed as an additional variable that would improve the initial classification of anemia. Microcytic anemias with an elevated RDW (greater heterogeneity) were used to distinguish iron deficiency from heterozygous thalassemia, which was said to have a normal RDW (more homogeneous). The authors attempted to classify their population of microcytic cases using the RDW as a major variable, but found only limited utility. While most of the iron-deficient cases had an increased RDW, almost one-half of the thalassemia cases also were classified as microcytic heterogeneous (increased RDW). The authors also found that target cells, erythrocytosis, and the ratios alone or in combination with the RDW were not specific in separating heterozygous thalassemia from iron deficiency. They conclude that a sequential evaluation (to include iron and hemoglobin studies) of cases of microcytosis is still needed.
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PMID:Limitations of red blood cell distribution width (RDW) in evaluation of microcytosis. 395 99

The iron state was examined in two groups of pregnant women who were carriers of alpha and beta thalassaemia genes. In both groups the haematological expression of the disease--namely, haemoglobin and mean cell haemoglobin concentrations--was nearly identical. In patients with alpha thalassaemia the ferritin concentrations and percentage of ferritin deficiency was the same as in normal pregnant patients, whereas in those with beta thalassaemia the ferritin concentrations were usually much higher and iron deficiency four times less common. This variance appears to be explained by different degrees of extravascular or intravascular haemolysis between the two thalassaemias as assessed by the activities of serum alpha hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase.
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PMID:Iron state in alpha and beta thalassaemia trait. 395 16

The character and pathogenesis of hemoglobin deficit (gene symbol, hbd), an autosomal recessive trait in the mouse, were studied. The main hematological features of hemoglobin deficit are anemia, red cell hypochromia and microcytosis, and reticulocytosis. The absence of raised fecal urobilinogen excretion and frank hyperbilirubinemia and bilirubinuria suggests that excess hemolysis is not the primary cause of the anemia. The raised plasma iron concentration and the failure of the anemia to respond to parenteral iron treatment indicate that the anemia is not due to iron deficiency. The absence of siderocytes and sideroblasts suggests that anemia is probably not due to ferrochelatase deficiency. Thalassemia is excluded by the finding of balanced reticulocyte globin chain synthesis. The markedly elevated levels of free red cell protoporphyrin taken together with the other findings already noted suggest that the anemia of hemoglobin deficit is due to a defect in the erythroid cell iron procurement mechanisms leading in turn to diminished heme and hemoglobin synthesis.
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PMID:Hemoglobin deficit: an inherited hypochromic anemia in the mouse. 396 Aug 59

Haemoglobin A2 (HbA2) levels were determined on 25 beta-thalassaemia carriers by the microcolumn method and were found to range from 4.5-7.2 per cent (mean 5.2 +/- 0.82 S.D.). The haemoglobin level (Hb), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), plasma ferritin and HbA2 levels were measured on a further 299 consecutive Chinese pregnant women at a gestation of less than 24 weeks. 18 patients (6 per cent) had HbA2 level greater than 4.5 per cent and were diagnosed to be beta-thalassaemic carriers. It was observed that all these patients had a MCV below 75 fl. If this level is selected in a screening procedure based on measurement of MCV alone all beta-thalassaemia carriers could be detected and 11 per cent of the population screened would require HbA2 estimation. At a lower cut-off level of 70 fl, 8 per cent of the population screened would require HbA2 measurement (a decrease of 27 per cent) but the detection rate will be lowered considerably (83 per cent). The high false positive rate at all cut-off levels of MCV was largely due to the prevalence of iron deficiency anaemia in the population. Estimation of plasma ferritin level in patients with low MCV will reduce this false positive rate, but there will be a considerable delay in diagnosis in patients with concomitant iron deficiency and beta-thalassaemia. The presence of iron deficiency in beta-thalassaemia carriers did not reduce their HbA2 level below the diagnostic range in this study.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Evaluation of a prenatal screening procedure for beta-thalassaemia carriers in a Chinese population based on the mean corpuscular volume (MCV). 397 23

Resettlement of Southeast Asian refugees has introduced into the Western Hemisphere many persons of all major ethnic groups from Indochina. They represent several distinctive cultural, genetic, and linguistic groups, and the prevalence of genetic traits among them varies accordingly. We studied 778 Southeast Asian persons resettled in the upper Midwest who belonged to 182 unrelated families from the five major Southeast Asian ethnic groups. High prevalences of hemoglobin E, alpha- and beta-thalassemia disorders, and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency were found. The prevalences of these four conditions in the refugees are among the highest known in the world. For these groups, iron deficiency is an uncommon cause of microcytosis; instead, the most frequent causes are hemoglobin E and alpha-thalassemia-1. Very serious thalassemic disorders occur with unusually high frequency in the refugees, especially in the Tai-Dam.
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PMID:Hematologic genetic disorders among Southeast Asian refugees. 398 4


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