Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0240066 (iron deficiency)
 7,156 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Over a 4 month period, the medical records of 255 children with an age range of 6 months to 3 years and who had been admitted to the Cherbourg Hospital Department of Pediatrics were prospectively studied. Ninety-nine % had received BCG vaccination but only 71% had a positive skin test. Ninety-two % were vaccinated against diphtheria, tetanus, whooping cough and poliomyelitis and 61% against measles. Seventy-eight % of parents said that they had correctly administered vitamin D, at least up to 18 months of age. Seventy % of children were fed cow's milk during the second half of the first year and at least 35% had at least one hematological sign of iron deficiency. The promotion of routine immunizations as well as vaccination against rubella-mumps-measles seems to be desirable goals. There is a need for the widespread use of adapted milk formulas up to 1 year of age and for systematic iron supplementation of pregnant women and of infants presenting with evidence of iron deficiency or on cow's milk.
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PMID:[Prevention in pediatrics in the Nord-Cotentin. Prospective study of 255 cases]. 276 87

Immunologic studies were performed in ten iron-deficient children, aged 12 to 30 months, before and after iron replacement. Chronic infection, malnutrition, and vitamin deficiency were excluded. Mean hemoglobin levels went from 8.2 +/- 0.2 (SEM) to 12.3 +/- 0.3 g/dL after iron replacement. Mean T-cell percentage increased from 50% +/- 3.0% to 58% +/- 3.7%. Absolute numbers of T cells were unchanged. Three children converted negative in vitro proliferative responses to Candida or tetanus antigen. Mean stimulation indexes increased for Candida (6.8 +/- 1.7 to 17.9 +/- 6.7) and tetanus (19.5 +/- 6.0 to 31.7 +/- 8.5). Nine of 16 delayed hypersensitivity skin tests were positive before and ten of ten were positive after iron therapy. The IgG and IgA levels did not change significantly, but IgM levels decreased from 181 +/- 13 to 128 +/- 5 mg/dL. We conclude that T-cell immunity is slightly impaired in pure iron deficiency and that these subtle defects can be corrected with oral iron replacement.
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PMID:Immune function in pure iron deficiency. 698 45

The humoral immune response (as shown by plasma immunoglobulin concentrations and antibody response to diphtheria and tetanus toxoids) was evaluated in 14 children with iron-deficiency anaemia and in 24 normal controls. Mean concentrations of haemoglobin and serum iron and mean transferrin saturation were significantly lower in children with iron-deficiency anaemia than in controls. Serum immunoglobulin concentrations were within the normal range in both groups. Two weeks after immunisation with diphtheria and tetanus toxoids the concentrations of IgG increased significantly in both groups. Antibody titres in iron-deficient children were similar to those of controls before and after immunisation. The mean T-lymphocyte count was significantly lower in iron-deficient children than that in controls, but the mean B-lymphocyte counts were similar in the two groups. These observations suggest that humoral immunity in children is not affected by iron deficiency and that conventional immunisation programmes would be effective in children with iron-deficiency anaemia.
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PMID:Humoral immune response in children with iron-deficiency anaemia. 738 90

This study aimed to compare prenatal and childbirth care received by teenagers and older mothers in Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul State, southern Brazil. From January 1st to December 31st 2007, all mothers were interviewed with a standardized questionnaire on the care they received. The chi-square test was used to compare proportions between adolescent and non-adolescent mothers. One-fourth (516) of the infants were born to adolescent mothers. Compared to older mothers, teenagers showed lower rates of the following: completion of at least six prenatal visits (61% x 75%), initiation of prenatal care in the first trimester (58% x 77%), tetanus vaccination (81% x 85%), and completion of prenatal visits with the same health professional (70% x 78%). Meanwhile, teenage motherhood was associated with more: supplementation for iron deficiency (66% x 57%), use of forceps (11% x 6%), and episiotomy (86% x 66%). The findings show that teenage mothers received worse prenatal and childbirth care than older mothers.
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PMID:[Socio-demographic characteristics and prenatal and childbirth care in southern Brazil]. 2165 49

Background: Iron deficiency may impair adaptive immunity and is common among African infants at time of vaccination. Whether iron deficiency impairs vaccine response and whether iron supplementation improves humoral vaccine response is uncertain. Methods: We performed two studies in southern coastal Kenya. In a birth cohort study, we followed infants to age 18 mo and assessed whether anemia or iron deficiency at time of vaccination predicted vaccine response to three-valent oral polio, diphtheria-tetanus-whole cell pertussis-Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine, ten-valent pneumococcal-conjugate vaccine and measles vaccine. Primary outcomes were anti-vaccine-IgG and seroconversion at age 24 wk and 18 mo. In a randomized trial cohort follow-up, children received a micronutrient powder (MNP) with 5 mg iron daily or a MNP without iron for 4 mo starting at age 7.5 mo and received measles vaccine at 9 and 18 mo; primary outcomes were anti-measles IgG, seroconversion and avidity at age 11.5 mo and 4.5 y. Findings: In the birth cohort study, 573 infants were enrolled and 303 completed the study. Controlling for sex, birthweight, anthropometric indices and maternal antibodies, hemoglobin at time of vaccination was the strongest positive predictor of: (A) anti-diphtheria and anti-pertussis-IgG at 24 wk (p = 0.0071, p = 0.0339) and 18 mo (p = 0.0182, p = 0.0360); (B) anti-pertussis filamentous hemagglutinin-IgG at 24 wk (p = 0.0423); and (C) anti-pneumococcus 19 IgG at 18 mo (p = 0.0129). Anemia and serum transferrin receptor at time of vaccination were the strongest predictors of seroconversion against diphtheria (p = 0.0484, p = 0.0439) and pneumococcus 19 at 18 mo (p = 0.0199, p = 0.0327). In the randomized trial, 155 infants were recruited, 127 and 88 were assessed at age 11.5 mo and 4.5 y. Compared to infants that did not receive iron, those who received iron at time of vaccination had higher anti-measles-IgG (p = 0.0415), seroconversion (p = 0.0531) and IgG avidity (p = 0.0425) at 11.5 mo. Interpretation: In Kenyan infants, anemia and iron deficiency at time of vaccination predict decreased response to diphtheria, pertussis and pneumococcal vaccines. Primary response to measles vaccine may be increased by iron supplementation at time of vaccination. These findings argue that correction of iron deficiency during early infancy may improve vaccine response.
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PMID:Iron Deficiency Anemia at Time of Vaccination Predicts Decreased Vaccine Response and Iron Supplementation at Time of Vaccination Increases Humoral Vaccine Response: A Birth Cohort Study and a Randomized Trial Follow-Up Study in Kenyan Infants. 3275 50