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Query: UMLS:C0240066 (iron deficiency)
 7,156 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Helicobacter pylori is a human bacterial gastric pathogen, fulfilling each of Koch's postulates for causal inference for ulceration in children and adults. In addition many reports purport to show that the organism causes a variety of extra-intestinal manifestations in children. This review of the English language literature provides evidence that H. pylori is likely a cause of unexplained iron deficiency (sideropenic) anemia in children, even in the absence of gastrointestinal bleeding. Much stronger evidence is required however, before H. pylori infection can be considered as an etiologic agent in recurrent abdominal pain of childhood, unexplained short stature, protracted diarrhea in pre-schoolers and sudden infant death syndrome.
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PMID:Current controversies associated with Helicobacter pylori infection in the pediatric population. 1172 84

Iron deficiency is common throughout the world and has been linked to cognitive impairments. Using neonatal piglets to model human infants, we assessed the impact of iron deficiency on spatial learning and memory. Artificially reared piglets were fed 1 of 3 liquid diets with varying concentrations of iron: control (CON), mildly deficient (MID), or severely deficient (SID; 100, 25.0, or 10.0 mg iron/kg milk solids, respectively) for 4 wk. Relative to CON, SID and MID piglets had reduced hemoglobin (P < 0.05) as well as magenta skin color (P < 0.001), which correlated with hematocrit (R(2) = 0.76; P < 0.001). SID and MID hemoglobin differed at wk 3 and 4 (P < 0.05). In a hippocampal-dependent, spatial, T-maze task, SID piglets were unable to acquire the task (post hoc contrast: first vs. last day of acquisition), while MID piglets demonstrated deficits in reversal learning (P = 0.032). Iron concentrations in the liver (P < 0.001), serum (P = 0.003), and hippocampus (P = 0.004), but not prefrontal cortex, were lower in MID and SID compared with CON piglets. The level of the transferrin receptor mRNA (TFR) was greater in the prefrontal cortex of CON piglets than in MID and SID piglets (P = 0.001) but not the hippocampus. Gene expression of several neurotrophic factors and proinflammatory cytokines, as well as whole-brain and hippocampal volume, were not affected by dietary treatment. In conclusion, neonatal iron deficiency leads to cognitive impairment, which may be due in part to a reduced iron concentration in the hippocampus.
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PMID:Early life iron deficiency impairs spatial cognition in neonatal piglets. 2351 51

Background: Iron deficiency anemia is a prevalent condition among children in developing and developed countries that leads to impaired development, activity intolerance, behavioral changes, irritability, and reduced learning ability. The studies conducted in Iran have reported different prevalence rates for this condition. This systematic review and meta-analysis were aimed at estimating the prevalence of iron deficiency anemia in Iranian children under 6 years of age. Methodology: Persian and English articles published from 2001 to 2018 were collected. The search process was conducted in national and internationals databases, including SID, MagIran, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, using the following keywords and their combinations: Iron, Iron deficiency, Iron deficiency anemia, Ferritin, Child, Children, and Iran. The data were analyzed using the meta-analysis and random effects model. Heterogeneity was assessed using the I 2 statistic. All analyses were performed using the STATA software, version 12. Results: Analysis of six selected articles with a total sample size of 1,700 showed that the prevalence rates of iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia in the Iranian children under 6 years of age were 27.7% (95% CI: 11.9-43.5) and 18.2% (95% CI: 14.3-22), respectively. In addition, the prevalence of iron deficiency anemia was higher in boys (17.7% with 95% CI: 5.9-29.5) than in girls (14.4% with 95% CI: 4.5-24.2). Conclusion: About one-fifth of Iranian children under the age of 6 years suffer from iron deficiency anemia. Identification of those at risk of developing this condition with the goal of prevention, diagnosis, and treatment seems to be an important and necessary task.
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PMID:Prevalence of iron deficiency anemia in Iranian children under 6 years of age: a systematic review and meta-analysis. 3111 52