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Query: UMLS:C0240066 (iron deficiency)
 7,156 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Serum ferritin level was studied in 158 adult patients with different forms and variants of leukemia, and it was found to be elevated in 85.4% of cases. A number of factors influencing ferritin concentration in the blood serum have been established: a high degree of serum iron deficiency, leukemic intoxication, infectious complications (pneumonia, sepsis, necrosis, etc.), hemolytic syndrome. All these factors should be taken into consideration in evaluating serum ferritin levels in acute leukemia patients.
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PMID:[Factors influencing the serum ferritin level in acute leukemia patients before chemotherapy]. 161 76

17 highland Papua New Guinean infants (PNG) and 19 expatriate infants were matched with 20 0-14 month old infants from the highlands with moderate or severe pneumonia admitted to the Goroka Hospital in the Eastern Highlands Province of Papua New Guinea to evaluate their immune systems to determine the factors that may affect their ability to begin and maintain an effective immune response. Both the PNG controls and patients tended not to respond to a delayed-type hypersensitivity challenge with tuberculin, especially the 6-14 month old infants. Specifically, all of the expatriate 6-14 month old infants responded while only 3 of the 8 PNG controls and 2 of the 10 pneumonia patients did. Moreover the CD4/CD8 lymphocyte ratios for the PNG controls were significantly lower than those of the expatriate controls for both the O-5 and 6-14 month old infant groups (p.02), but especially in the 6-14 month group. In addition, both the PNG controls and patients exhibited more iron deficiency than the expatriates (p.02), again especially among the 6-14 month old infants. Other nutritional status indices were the same in both PNG and expatriate controls. The differences in PNG controls were more extreme in the patients. These findings suggested that cell-mediated immunity is depressed in Papua New Guinea. On the other hand, infants humoral immune systems were very active. The difference in delayed-type hypersensitivity and CD4/CD8 ratios was larger in the 6-14 month old group than in the 0-5 month old group, suggesting than an environmental effect had a gradual influence on cell-mediated immunity. Since cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection occurs early in life in developing countries, increases CD8 lymphocyte numbers, and may induce temporary diminished reactivity to specific antigens, it was hypothesized that CMV may be the environmental effect.
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PMID:Impaired cell-mediated immunity in Papua New Guinean infants. 175 Feb 59

Immune function and nutritional indices were studied in adult highland Papua New Guinea (PNG) patients with pneumonia, PNG highland controls and expatriate controls living in the Papua New Guinea highlands. Compared to PNG controls, pneumonia patients had higher serum immunoglobulin (Ig)G concentrations, higher salivary IgA:albumin ratios, lower total body weights and a haematological pattern suggesting iron deficiency. PNG controls and pneumonia patients had fewer circulating CD4 and CD8 T lymphocytes than expatriate controls. The proportion of lymphocytes carrying neither T nor B cell markers was higher in PNG subjects than in expatriate controls. These observations indicate that PNG adult pneumonia patients are a distinguishable subpopulation of PNG adults who may be more susceptible than the general population to pneumonia. Decreased circulating T lymphocyte numbers may be, or reflect, a separate risk factor for the entire population.
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PMID:Immune function in adult highland Papua New Guinea patients with pneumonia. 260 85

The interrelationships between various components of the non-immune inflammatory response (white cell count, plasma lactoferrin, C-reactive protein, ferritin, iron and iron-binding capacity), were studied serially in a variety of inflammatory conditions including acute lobar pneumonia, active pulmonary tuberculosis, rheumatoid arthritis on gold therapy and sepsis in the face of marrow hypoplasia induced by chemotherapy. Lactoferrin concentrations paralleled the white count in all groups. They were highest in pneumonia and tuberculosis, mildly elevated in rheumatoid arthritis and markedly decreased in neutropenic sepsis. Very high initial lactoferrin concentrations were associated with a poor prognosis in acute pneumonia. C-reactive protein and ferritin concentrations remained elevated through the period of study in acute pneumonia and neutropenic sepsis, while they gradually normalised over weeks in subjects with tuberculosis or rheumatoid arthritis on therapy. In pneumonia and tuberculosis moderate hypoferraemia and a reduced iron-binding capacity were evident. In contrast, a raised percentage saturation was present in neutropenic sepsis, probably related to erythroid marrow suppression. Comparisons between ferritin, lactoferrin and C-reactive protein in the various groups supported the concept that ferritin behaves in part as an acute phase reactant and that hypoferraemia in inflammation is due to deviation of iron into ferritin stores. The suggestion that lactoferrin is responsible for the hypoferraemia and hyperferritinaemia was not supported by the present data. Iron deficiency appeared to limit the hyperferritinaemic response in rheumatoid arthritis, while erythropoietic inhibition by chemotherapy dampened the hypoferraemic response in neutropenic sepsis.
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PMID:The non-immune inflammatory response: serial changes in plasma iron, iron-binding capacity, lactoferrin, ferritin and C-reactive protein. 378 68

Madang district was selected for a longitudinal study of the effects of iron prophylaxis on infectious morbidity in infancy and the topography, climate, domicile, ethnology, demography, disease patterns, nutrition and health services of the district are described. The area has a tropical, humid climate and a mixed economy. Pneumonia was the main killing disease at all ages, and malaria was endemic. A base hospital and well organized maternal and child health services ensured that morbidity surveillance would be optimal. Pilot haematological surveys confirmed a high incidence of anaemia in infancy. Mean haemoglobin between nine and 52 weeks of age was 8.6 g/dl. Results suggested that malaria and iron deficiency were important causes of this anaemia.
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PMID:Iron and infection in infancy--report on field studies in Papua New Guinea: 1. Demographic description and pilot surveys. 608 60

A case is described in which delusions of infestation developed during delirium secondary to pneumonia in a patient with restless legs syndrome (RLS). This case demonstrates how tactile sensations may precede and give rise to delusional misinterpretations. Since RLS is relatively common in elderly people and may be due to a treatable cause such as iron deficiency, it is worth considering this syndrome in patients with delusions of infestation.
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PMID:Delusions of infestation during delirium in a patient with restless legs syndrome. 779 76

The prevalence of pathological gastro-oesophageal reflux (GOR) and oesophageal dysfunction (OD) was investigated in 32 children, 0.7-19 years of age (mean 11.2 years), with brain damage, mainly severe cerebral palsy and tetraplegia. They underwent 24-h pH monitoring in the distal oesophagus and oesophageal manometry. In addition, radiological examination of the oesophagus, chest radiography, blood counts and blood tests for iron deficiency were carried out. Fifteen (47%) patients had mild pathological acid reflux, 5 (16%) had moderately severe and 5 (16%) severe acid GOR. Seven of 32 (22%) patients had no pathological GOR. Ten patients had abnormal manometry findings and 9 had a pathological radiological oesophagus examination. Three patients had radiographic lung consolidations. Thirteen patients had iron deficiency and 5 were anaemic. Two patients with severe acid reflux have died, presumably from aspiration-induced pneumonia. Findings of OD and GOR are frequent in children with brain damage and are related to significant complications, including fatal course.
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PMID:Gastro-oesophageal reflux and oesophageal dysfunction in children and adolescents with brain damage. 784 9

Although iron supplementation is considered beneficial for groups at risk for anemia, concern has been raised that it could be harmful during human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Studies suggest: (1) faster HIV disease progression in thalassemia major patients receiving inadequate doses of iron-chelating drug; (2) higher mortality among patients receiving iron supplementation with dapsone compared with aerosolized pentamidine for prophylaxis against Pneumocytis carinii pneumonia; (3) higher iron stores and mortality among patients with haptoglobin Hp 2-2 phenotype; and (4) shorter survival among patients with high bone marrow iron deposition. These studies largely involved men in developed countries. Among HIV-infected pregnant women in Africa with a high prevalence of iron deficiency, no relationship was found between indicators of iron status and HIV disease severity. The available data do not contraindicate the current practice of iron supplementation in developing countries where there is a high prevalence of both HIV infection and iron deficiency.
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PMID:Iron supplementation during human immunodeficiency virus infection: a double-edged sword? 1160 73

Iron deficiency and diarrhea are two of the most significant issues for global health. Iron deficiency anemia is the most common nutritional deficiency in the world, affecting nearly 25% of the world population (UNICEF/WHO 1999). The prevalence of iron deficiency in developing countries is illustrated by comparison with other deficiencies: iron deficiency affects 3.5 billion people, while vitamin A and iodine deficiency affect 0.3 billion people and 0.8 billion people, respectively. The prevalence is highest among young children and women of childbearing age (particularly pregnant women). It is estimated that national productivity levels could be raised as much as 20% by correcting iron deficiency in developing countries. Recombinant human lactoferrin (rhLF), expressed and extracted from rice seed, is being evaluated by Ventria Bioscience for use as a dietary supplement to treat iron deficiency and/or iron deficiency anemia. Diarrhea is also a major world health issue. Sixty percent of children who die under age five die of pneumonia, diarrhea or measles. World Health Organization oral rehydration solution (WHO-ORS) is one of the major medical advances in the past 50 years, saving the lives of 1 to 2 million children annually. Many studies have demonstrated similar efficacy of rice-based ORS. There are studies documenting the reduced frequency of diarrhea in breast-fed children and this health improvement is attributed to the antimicrobial action of the human milk proteins lactoferrin and lysozyme. In vitro data document the growth inhibition of the diarrheal associated organisms: rotavirus, ETEC, cholera, salmonella, and shigella by human lactoferrin (hLF) and human lysozyme. Using Ventria's ExpressTec system, we have expressed human lactoferrin and human lysozyme in rice. In a rice-based ORS formulation, these proteins have the potential to provide not only the benefits of reduced stool volume and improved weight gain, but also shorten the course of diarrheal episodes via antimicrobial activity against the causative agent.
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PMID:Recombinant human lactoferrin treatment for global health issues: iron deficiency and acute diarrhea. 1522 87

Proton pump inhibitors have an excellent safety profile and have become one of the most commonly prescribed class of drugs in primary and specialty care. Long-term, sometimes lifetime, use is becoming increasingly common, often without appropriate indications. This paper is a detailed review of the current evidence on this important topic, focusing on the potential adverse effects of long-term proton pump inhibitor use that have generated the greatest concern: B12 deficiency; iron deficiency; hypomagnesemia; increased susceptibility to pneumonia, enteric infections, and fractures; hypergastrinemia and cancer; drug interactions; and birth defects. We explain the pathophysiological mechanisms that may underlie each of these relationships, review the existing evidence, and discuss implications for clinical management. The benefits of proton pump inhibitor use outweigh its risks in most patients. Elderly, malnourished, immune-compromised, chronically ill, and osteoporotic patients theoretically could be at increased risk from long-term therapy.
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PMID:Adverse effects of long-term proton pump inhibitor therapy. 2136 43


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