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Query: UMLS:C0240066 (iron deficiency)
 7,156 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Iron deficiency is a common nutritional disorder in developing countries and contributes significantly to reduced work productivity and economic output as well as to increased morbidity and mortality. There are well established biochemical tests for assessing iron status in developed countries. However, cost and interference from infectious conditions make it difficult to assess iron status in many developing country settings. Examination of the hemoglobin distribution in the population and assessment of the hemoglobin response to supplementation are alternative approaches to defining iron status and the nature of anemia. Prevention and control of iron deficiency requires the combined approach of dietary improvement, fortification of a common staple food when feasible, and appropriate iron supplementation for infants and pregnant women. In all these intervention activities, operational research is needed to improve effectiveness. In addition, controlling iron deficiency requires coordination with other nutrition and primary health care programs as part of an integrated approach to improved health and nutrition of the population.
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PMID:Iron deficiency: contemporary scientific issues and international programmatic approaches. 806 7

Iron deficiency is an important nutritional problem in third world countries because it diminishes work performance. In meat-eating countries, iron excess may be more important than iron deficiency. Heme iron is more efficiently absorbed from the diet than inorganic iron, and iron excess can produce cellular oxidation in association with superoxide dismutase. Metal ion catalysis is linked to aging, coronary artery disease, stroke, carcinogenesis, neurodegenerative disorders, and inflammatory disorders. Prudence is advised in the excessive consumption of meat and iron supplementation of the diet until this process is more thoroughly investigated.
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PMID:Ironic catastrophes: one's food--another's poison. 819 51

If we are to reduce the incidence of iron deficiency, parents need more education in how to prevent it. Iron deficiency is the most common nutritional problem in early childhood in the UK and may adversely affect development. Breast milk, infant formulae and follow-on formulae all provide enough absorbable iron for the young infant, but the iron content in cow's milk is poorly absorbed. Problems may arise between the ages of six months and two years. While many commercial weaning foods are fortified with iron and vitamin C, there are indications that household foods ("home cooking") do not always provide enough iron. Studies are beginning to suggest that a significant proportion of infants and 2-5 year olds may not be getting enough iron. Foods which contain plenty of haem iron (meat, meat products, and poultry) provide the most readily absorbable iron. Non-haem iron, found in fruits, vegetables and cereals, is not well absorbed Vitamin C improves absorption of iron
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PMID:Iron deficiency in infants and young children. 868 Feb 28

Iron deficiency is the most commonly reported nutritional disorder of early childhood in the UK. Recently, blood samples taken from 1,075 normal 8-month-old babies in the ALSPAC study in Bristol showed that 23% were anaemic according to WHO criteria. Anaemia was not associated with poor socioeconomic circumstances. The more rapid the growth of the child, the more depleted the iron stores. The findings of the study suggest that the currently accepted normal values for iron levels in young children may be too high, but further research is needed. Infants whose main milk was cow's milk at eight months had the lowest intakes of iron and vitamin C.
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PMID:Iron deficiency in eight-month-old babies. 871 3

Iron deficiency is the most important nutritional problem all over the world. Fluid milk is an attractive vehicle for iron fortification, since it is a food with a high nutritional value, accessible to the whole population and easy to be given to children. Fortification of this food with iron has the disadvantage of the interaction of the iron with the constitutive elements of milk, diminishing its bioavailability and changing its sensorial properties, making it unacceptable. Nowadays, this problem can be overcome by the implementation of a new technological procedure, which consists in the microencapsulation of the ferrous sulfate with lecithin, thus avoiding the interaction of iron with the food. The absorption obtained in mice for milk-ferrous sulfate was 7.9 +/- 3.2%, while for microencapsulated ferrous sulfate-milk the result was 11.6 +/- 4.5%. Comparing these data with those obtained with the ferrous ascorbate in water 13.1 +/- 4.9% and ferrous sulfate in water 13.2 +/- 4.3%, both of them considered as reference standards, no statistically significant difference between them and the microencapsulated ferrous sulfate in milk can be observed. However, this difference becomes significant (p < 0.01) when these products are compared to the non-encapsulated ferrous sulfate in milk. On the other hand, we demonstrated that this product is stable to heat-processing (100 degrees C, 30 min) and storage at a room temperature up to 6 months that lacteous products are usually submitted to.
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PMID:Bioavailability and stability of microencapsulated ferrous sulfate in fluid milk: studies in mice. 886 59

Iron deficiency anemia is nowadays the world most prevalent nutritional problem. Several studies concerning anemia prevalence were carried out in Brazil with pregnant women and children aged less than 5 years, restricted mainly to northeast and southeast regions of the country. More recently, groups other than those of pregnant women and children aged less than 5 years, such as school children and adolescents, have become the target of those concerned with the issue. The differences found out among the groups and the diversity of methodologies employed, prevent us from reaching an evolutionary profile concerning nutritional anemia in Brazil. However, the high rates of prevalence verified by the various studies carried out are enough for justifying the general interest in controlling and/or eradicating the disease. This paper presents a model of causal determination of anemia, that points out the diet as the principal immediate factor. The typical Brazilian diet is poor in bioavailable iron. The two foods--meat and beans--responsible for the totality of this mineral in the habitual Brazilian diet have been registering a decreasing intake in the last decades. Iron deficiency is also observed in the food practice of infants and children aged less than 5 years. This situation justifying the urgency in finding an effective intervention to control this relevant nutritional problem.
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PMID:Prevalence and risk factors in iron deficiency and anemia. 965 16

Marginal iron deficiency is a common nutritional disorder in human populations world-wide; however, the neurobehavioral effects of chronic marginal iron (Fe) intakes during development are poorly characterized in animals. For this reason, we investigated whether mice reared on marginal Fe diets during pre- and postnatal development would experience neurobehavioral deficits. Swiss-Webster mice reared on either control (75 ppm Fe) or marginal iron (12.5 ppm) diets were assessed for changes in behavior on postnatal days 30, 40, and 50 using a neurobehavioral test battery. Because alterations in tissue mineral status can lead to an oxidative stress, markers of both protein (glutamine synthetase) and lipid oxidation (TBARS) were measured. Marginal iron animals exhibited a 20-55% reduction in grip strength. Although both marginal iron males and females demonstrated persistent lowering of body weights, statistical analysis using weight as the covariate demonstrated that the grip strength reductions were independent of body weight changes. This reduction in grip strength occurred in conjunction with a 25-45% lowering of brain iron in the marginal iron animals. Despite dramatic reductions in both brain and liver iron, hematocrits were unaffected by dietary iron reductions. Oxidative stress was indicated by an elevation in noniron-stimulated TBARS in the cerebellum of marginal iron animals. These data suggest that a chronic marginal Fe deficiency during critical periods of growth can result in functional changes in motor development even in the absence of iron deficiency anemia; furthermore, alterations in mineral status and oxidative stress may be mechanisms contributing to these observed changes.
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PMID:Behavioral consequences of marginal iron deficiency during development in a murine model. 1056 Jul 73

Iron deficiency is the single most common nutritional disorder world-wide and the main cause of anaemia in infancy, childhood and pregnancy. It is prevalent in most of the developing world and it is probably the only nutritional deficiency of consideration in industrialised countries. In the developing world the prevalence of iron deficiency is high, and is due mainly to a low intake of bioavailable iron. However, in this setting, iron deficiency often co-exists with other conditions such as, malnutrition, vitamin A deficiency, folate deficiency, and infection. In tropical regions, parasitic infestation and haemoglobinopathies are also a common cause of anaemia. In the developed world iron deficiency is mainly a single nutritional problem. The conditions previously mentioned might contribute to the development of iron deficiency or they present difficulties in the laboratory diagnosis of iron deficiency.
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PMID:Anaemia and iron deficiency disease in children. 1074 44

Anemia is the most prevalent nutritional problem worldwide, due mainly to iron deficiency. Studies of anemia are less common in adolescents than in women and children. We examined anemia prevalence in adolescent Kuwaiti schoolgirls, and its association with hemoglobinopathies as well as the most common environmental cause, Fe deficiency. A cross-sectional sample of 1051 healthy adolescent schoolgirls was studied. Sample size was based on WHO criteria. Anemia, Fe deficiency and hemoglobin (Hb) variations were studied by Hb concentration, erythrocyte protoporphyrin (EP) and an HPLC quantitation, respectively. Of the subjects sampled, 30% were anemic. Mildly elevated EP values were found in 68%. Girls with high EP levels were more likely (P < 0.001) to be anemic than girls with normal EP. Up to 25% of the girls may have had Fe deficiency anemia. Hemoglobinopathies were neither prevalent nor significantly associated with anemia. These data indicate that environmental factors play a significant role in anemia among healthy, well-to-do Kuwaiti adolescent girls.
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PMID:Iron deficiency is a more important cause of anemia than hemoglobinopathies in Kuwaiti adolescent girls. 1080 21

Iron is an essential element in maintaining normal structure and functions of the central nervous system. Dangerous effects of decreases in the bioavailability of iron in the brain are shown to affect brain biochemistry, neurotransmitters production and function, mainly in the dopamine-opiate systems well as cognitive functions (learning and memory) and a number of physiological variables such motor activity and thermoregulation. Recent research has shown the added complications and deficits that are introduced in the endocrine and the immune system activity. While iron deficiency is not perceived as a life threatening disorder, it is the most prevalent nutritional disorder in the world and a better understanding of the modes and sites of action, can help devise better treatment programs for those who suffer from it.
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PMID:The neurochemical basis of cognitive deficits induced by brain iron deficiency: involvement of dopamine-opiate system. 1087 37


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