Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0240066 (iron deficiency)
 7,156 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We have used the monoclonal antibodies 2A4 (specific for the H subunit of human ferritin) and LO3 (specific for the L subunit) for immunocytochemical detection of ferritin in bone marrow and peripheral blood cells from normal subjects and patients with various haematological disorders. Formalin-fixed slides were stained by the immunoalkaline phosphatase procedure (APAAP). In normal subjects, ferritin could be found only in bone marrow smears and appeared to be largely confined to erythroid precursors and reticuloendothelial cells. The more immature erythroid precursors contained higher concentrations of cellular ferritin. Although evaluation could be only semiquantitative, erythroblast ferritin appeared to be more reactive with the monoclonal 2A4 (15 +/- 7% positive erythroblasts) than with the monoclonal LO3 (6 +/- 5% positive erythroblasts), indicating that H-type ferritin was predominant, particularly in proerythroblasts and basophilic erythroblasts. By contrast, the ferritin present in reticuloendothelial cells appeared to be predominantly of L-type. Patients with iron deficiency showed low levels of positive erythroblast, whereas the reverse was true in patients with transfusional iron overload. Intense positivity for reticuloendothelial cell ferritin was found in patients with anaemia of chronic disease. In myelodysplastic syndromes and acute myeloid leukaemia (AML), ferritin positivity was generally very strong at any stage of erythroblast development, particularly with the monoclonal antibody 2A4. Perls-positive perinuclear granules of ring sideroblasts were not stained, confirming that mitochondrial iron deposition is not in the form of ferritin. In AML and myelodysplastic syndromes with excess of blasts, ferritin could be detected also in immature myeloid cells. These data indicate that: (a) in normal conditions ferritin is mainly expressed in red cell precursors and reticuloendothelial cells, and this is in keeping with the peculiar role of these cells in iron metabolism; (b) abnormal cell ferritin contents can be observed in both iron overload and malignancy.
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PMID:Immunocytochemical detection of ferritin in human bone marrow and peripheral blood cells using monoclonal antibodies specific for the H and L subunit. 226 53

Stainable iron was absent or decreased in 36 of 45 bone marrow biopsy specimens (80 percent) among 33 patients with chronic-stage chronic granulocytic leukemia. Decreased iron did not correlate with sex, treatment status, duration of disease, marrow cellularity, or hemoglobin level. In contrast, marrow iron was absent or decreased in 34 percent of biopsy specimens at diagnosis of acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (p less than 0.0001) and 31 percent of biopsy specimens from patients with Hodgkin's disease (p less than 0.0001). The serum ferritin level was determined in eight patients with chronic granulocytic leukemia and absent marrow iron, and it was normal in all. Fifteen of 17 patients, followed with chronic-stage disease for one to four years after the finding of absent marrow iron, demonstrated increases in their hemoglobin levels during antileukemic therapy or maintained normal values. Thus, absent or decreased stainable marrow iron is a common finding in chronic granulocytic leukemia and usually does not indicate iron deficiency.
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PMID:Decreased stainable marrow iron in chronic granulocytic leukemia. 346 10

After evaluating multiple tests, the authors have devised a scheme to predict bone marrow iron findings from tests performed on peripheral blood. They examined bone marrows from 97 consecutive patients with anemia who were divided into five marrow morphologic groups: (1) iron deficiency; (2) anemia of chronic disease; (3) abnormal sideroblasts; (4) ring sideroblasts; and (5) other. Tests of peripheral blood included hemoglobin, hematocrit, red blood cell count and red blood cell indices, reticulocyte count, sedimentation rate or zetacrit, ferritin, iron, iron binding capacity, free erythrocyte protoporphyrin, and tests of hepatic and renal function. Cluster analysis, multidimensional scaling, and logistic discriminant analysis were used to derive a graph of serum ferritin with the sedimentation rate, allowing accurate confirmation or exclusion of iron deficiency in most patients. Percent saturation of serum transferrin and serum ferritin allowed identification of only 50 percent of patients with abnormal or ring sideroblasts while excluding 100 percent of patients without abnormal or ring sideroblasts. In three years of follow-up, two of 19 patients with abnormal or ring sideroblast have developed the dysmyelopoietic syndrome or ANLL, respectively. With the aid of the two parameter graphs described, the authors believe the differential diagnosis of the hypoproliferative anemias relating to iron metabolism can frequently be made without examination of the bone marrow.
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PMID:Prediction of bone marrow iron findings from tests performed on peripheral blood. 394 3

The introduction of a WHO Standard for serumferritin effected a standardisation of different methods, improving quality and security for clinical routine diagnostic purposes. Therefore the clinical evaluation of serumferritin gained even more importance. For Evaluation of iron stores of children, pregnant women, population studies, patients on hemodialysis or patients with rheumatoid arthritis low serumferritin values give safe results. In addition serumferritin is of clinical usefulness in monitoring therapy of both iron deficiency and iron overload. Evaluating a single serumferritin value one should consider the total clinical situation of the patient. As some tumors can produce and secrete serumferritin, e. g. acute myeloblastic leukemia, germ cell tumors, malignant melanoma, serumferritin might be helpful in monitoring the malignant disease. The ongoing characterization of tissue isoferritin, especially acidic isoferritin, may eventually lead to a clinically significant diagnostic marker of neoplasia.
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PMID:[Serum ferritin--its diagnostic relevance and clinical significance]. 638 4

The records on 375 consecutive bone marrow aspirations were reviewed to establish the incidence and association of peripheral and bone marrow basophilia. Seventeen cases of peripheral basophilia were identified (4.5 percent incidence) and were associated with iron deficiency (five cases), lung carcinoma (four cases), anemia of undetermined cause (four cases), and chronic myelogenous leukemia, myelodysplasia, chronic renal failure, and acute myelogenous leukemia (one case each). There were six cases of marrow basophilia, including iron-deficiency anemia (two cases), sideroblastic anemia with myelodysplasia, mild dyspoiesis, anemia of chronic disease, and acute erythroleukemia. Marrow basophilia was significantly associated with myelodysplasia and sideroblastic anemia, but was not found in 37 patients with lymphoproliferative disorders. There were no instances of simultaneous marrow and peripheral basophilia. These data support the concept that marrow basophilia is a specific, although not sensitive, marker of disruption of the normal marrow maturation controls.
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PMID:Basophils in peripheral blood and bone marrow. A retrospective review. 670 76

T1 and T2 relaxation time measurements of the femoral marrow were performed in 20 patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and 9 patients with iron deficiency or other severe anemia who had shown diffuse abnormal signals on MR imaging of the femoral marrow. The ability of T1 and T2 values to differentiate between leukemic infiltration and hyperplastic hematopoietic marrow was evaluated. T1 and T2 ratios (T1 abnormal marrow/T1 normal marrow and T2 abnormal/T2 normal) were calculated, and the ratios of T1 to T2 (T1/T2) and of the T1 ratio to the T2 ratio (T1 ratio/T2 ratio) were also analyzed. Diffuse infiltrative marrows revealed prolonged T1 relaxation times in all patients with AML and other severe anemia, and it was not possible to distinguish the two groups of diseases on the basis of T1 values. The T2 relaxation times varied widely in AML, but the mean T2 value of the AML group was not statistically significantly different from that of the anemia group. There were also no significant differences in the T1 ratio, T2 ratio, T1/T2, and the T1 ratio/T2 ratio between leukemic infiltration and hyperplastic hematopoietic marrow. We concluded that measurement of T1 and T2 relaxation times was of limited clinical importance for the histological characterization of diffuse bone marrow disorders.
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PMID:[MR relaxation times in diffuse bone marrow disorders: evaluation of their clinical usefulness in differentiation between leukemia and anemia]. 879 43

In iron deficiency, zinc protoporphyrin (ZPP) is produced instead of heme, and the ZPP concentration in erythrocytes increased (normal value < 2.3 micrograms ZPP/g Hb). The ZPP level and comparison with the other normally used tests in iron deficiency in the group of the patients with iron deficiency, ACD, MDS, AML, plasmocytoma was investigated. The ZPP level was determined by hematofluorometry in samples from 96 patients. Thirty five patients with iron depletion showed decreased both serum ferritin (median 5.9 ng/ml), and hemoglobin level (median 9.8 g/dl) with significantly increased ZPP level (median 8.5 micrograms/gHb). An increased level of ZPP (median 3.95 micrograms/gHb) with normal level of ferritin (median 24 ng/ml) and iron (median 50 (g/dl) in the serum of patients with ACD was determined. Measurement of ZPP level in the combination with ferritin and peripheral blood morphology allows to classify the degree of iron deficiency. The ZPP levels higher than 4.55 micrograms/gHb confirms iron deficiency in the group of anaemic patients.
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PMID:[Zinc protoporphyrin (ZPP) in diagnosis of anemia]. 964 80

Indonesia consist of many island inhabited by many ethnic groups with different social economic condition. As in other parts of the world, anemia is still one of the major health problem in Indonesia. The reported anemia prevalence differs in each area and age groups, ranging from 5.4% in well nourished preschool children to 56.3% in primary school children; and 19% to 62.5% in pregnant women. The causes of anemia mostly reported were nutritional like iron deficiency, abnormal hemoglobin besides other conditions. In Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital as the national referral hospital in Indonesia, in the adults groups, the cause of anemia reported were 14% with iron deficiency, 54% aplastic, 16% hemolytic and 16% other causes. Whereas in the child health department the cause were 29% nutritional deficiency, 31% thalassemia, 10% aplastic, 4% hemolytic and 26% other causes. Thalassemia is quite often reported in Indonesia. In 1955 Lie-Injo first reported the HbE as the most frequently found abnormality among many ethnic groups in Indonesia, ranging from 2.5% to 13.2%. In later studies the prevalence reported varies very much. It was reported as 9.5% in newborns, 22% in pregnant women, and 15.95% to 60% in athletes. The carrier frequency in some areas was between 6-10%, while the pattern of mutation varied widely within each region. Hemophilia cases in Indonesia is still not diagnosed adequately, only 530 cases were reported. The problems were lack of diagnostic laboratories and awareness. As many as 56.9% of the hemophilia patients who received cryoprecipitate were reported positive with HCV antibody. Hematological malignancy is now also became an increasing problem in Indonesia, in child health department the prevalence of leukemia was 57%, and lymphoma 13% among other malignancies. In National Cancer hospital, the prevalence leukemia as diagnosed using morphology and flowcytometry, were 51.4% AML, 19.7% B-ALL, 14.6% T-ALL, 4.5% preB-ALL, with 9.8% cases with co expression, and 30% other malignancies. Due to geographical situation, economic condition and lack of diagnostic laboratory facility many abnormalities were unable to be diagnosed properly.
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PMID:Some hematological problems in Indonesia. 1243 Aug 66

Need for iron increases rapidly during adolescence. In girls, this is primarily due to the beginning of menstruation and dieting to loose weight, while in boys increased erythropoetic activity during pubertal period is the major cause. Between November 1999 and June 2000, 2,900 patients, between 9-17 years of age were screened for the presence of anemia in our Adolescent Outpatient Clinic. Tanner's scale of sexual maturation was used to categorize genital development. Those patients diagnosed with anemia were further examined for bone age, history of pica, parasitosis and gastrointestinal symptoms. Complete blood count showed anemia in 44 patients. Twenty one patients (15 girls and 6 boys) were diagnosed with iron deficiency anemia, 19 (15 girls and 4 boys) were diagnosed with anemia associated with infections, 3 (two girls and one boy) were carriers for beta-thalasemia and one girl had acute myeloblastic leukemia. Laboratory parameters alone were not enough in the diagnosis of iron deficiency, but age, sex, growth rate and sexual maturation stage in the pubertal period must be taken into consideration. We suggest that the reason for the lower rate of iron deficiency anemia in our patients, than expected for this age group, could be due to our patient population being more aware and careful about a balanced diet compared to the feeding behaviour of the general population in Turkey. Further studies that include lower socio-economic groups are necessary to conclude the prevalance of iron deficiency anemia among adolescents.
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PMID:Iron deficiency anemia in a group of Turkish adolescents: frequency and contributing factors. 1597 30

There is scant information regarding iron deficiency in children with malignant disorders. Serum iron status of children with lymphoreticular malignancies (LRMs) at onset and at the end of induction therapy, compared to the normal population, was evaluated. Prospective cohort study conducted between July 2002 and March 2004. Previously untreated children recently diagnosed with LRM were studied. Age-matched controls were enrolled from follow-up and growth monitoring clinics. Hematological (complete blood counts and red cell indices) parameters and markers of iron status (serum iron, serum ferritin, total iron binding capacity) were estimated at presentation and at the end of remission induction therapy, that is, 5 weeks after initial evaluation. Bone marrow iron store were only assessed in cases. Thirty-five children (31 with acute lymphoid leukemia, 2 with acute myeloid leukemia, and 2 with non-Hodgkin lymphoma; 27 boys and 8 girls; 2 to 12 years of age) were evaluated in the study cohort. Anemia was documented in 80% of children with LRM. Iron deficiency was an important etiological factor. In the majority of cases therapy resulted in significant improvement towards normalization of deranged hematological parameters. This phenomenon could be attributed to enhanced quantity and quality of erythropoietic activity and red cell transfusions. The observation suggests that therapeutic iron supplements are not indicated in the majority of children on therapy for malignant disorders. Various hematological and body iron status parameters should be assessed on a case-by-case basis.
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PMID:Iron deficiency anemia in children presenting with lymphoreticular malignancies and the effect of induction therapy. 2237 18


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