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Query: UMLS:C0240066 (iron deficiency)
 7,156 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We studied the effect of age on the relationship between haemoglobin and serum erythropoietin (EPO) levels in anaemic patients. 568 patients over 70 years of age were compared with 137 patients under 70 and a reference group of 144 patients of all ages with proven iron deficiency. EPO was measured using a radioimmunoassay. We found that elderly patients with a normocytic anaemia (N = 375) had a statistically lower EPO response than younger patients with normocytic anaemia (N = 61) (p < 0.05) or patients of all ages with iron-deficiency anaemia (p < 0.05). There was no difference between the sexes. Elderly patients with microcytic or macrocytic anaemia had a normal EPO response as compared to the "gold standard" of iron deficiency. These findings suggest that a proportion of elderly patients with normocytic anaemia has an impaired EPO response.
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PMID:Reduced erythropoietin response to anaemia in elderly patients with normocytic anaemia. 144 24

Animals with hereditary abnormalities of hematopoiesis are quite useful in the study of regulatory pathways of megakaryocytopoiesis and platelet formation. Seven such animal models are analyzed here. The Wistar Furth rat has been recently discovered to have reduced platelet number, but large mean platelet volume, and is, therefore, a model of hereditary macrothrombocytopenia. Study of the Wistar Furth rat may help to elucidate the process of platelet formation. Two mouse mutants the S1/S1d and W/Wv, have macrocytic anemia with reduced megakaryocyte number, but normal platelet count. In these mice, the platelet count is maintained by increased platelet production per megakaryocyte. These models demonstrate that factors other than platelet level are monitored in the feedback regulation of megakaryocytopoiesis and platelet production, and further study should lead to a better understanding of the regulation of megakaryocyte size. The Belgrade rat has severe microcytic anemia with decreased megakaryocyte number. Megakaryocyte size is increased, but platelet count is moderately reduced and thus the megakaryocyte-platelet picture resembles that of severe iron deficiency anemia. A more in depth examination of this model should delineate the effects of iron deficiency and hypoxia on megakaryocytopoiesis. The grey collie dog has cyclic hematopoiesis with large asynchronous fluctuations in all blood cell counts at approximately 2-week intervals. Megakaryocytes have not been studied. This model should be a tool to define the relationships between hematopoietic growth factors and differentiation of the various hematopoietic cell lineages. The br/br rabbit has a transient disturbance in fetal megakaryocytopoiesis and brachydactyly due to spontaneous amputation. Further study of this model may provide a better understanding of fetal megakaryocyte development and establish whether an association exists between the abnormal megakaryocytes and the limb amputations. The nude mouse with its severe T-lymphocyte deficiency has been studied to ascertain whether T cells play a regulatory role in normal and acute thrombocytopenia-stimulated megakaryocytopoiesis. The question of whether T cells or their products are responsible for reactive thrombocytosis in chronic inflammation could be examined with this model. These animal mutants have provided and should continue to provide important models for understanding the regulation of megakaryocytopoiesis and platelet production.
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PMID:Animal models with inherited hematopoietic abnormalities as tools to study thrombopoiesis. 264 83

The laboratory evaluation of anemia begins with a complete blood count and reticulocyte count. The anemia is then categorized as microcytic, macrocytic or normocytic, with or without reticulocytosis. Examination of the peripheral smear and a small number of specific tests confirm the diagnosis. The serum iron level, total iron-binding capacity, serum ferritin level and hemoglobin electrophoresis generally separate the microcytic anemias. The erythrocyte size-distribution width may be particularly helpful in distinguishing iron deficiency from thalassemia minor. Significant changes have occurred in the laboratory evaluation of macrocytic anemia, and a new syndrome of nitrous oxide-induced megaloblastosis and neurologic dysfunction has been recognized. A suggested approach to the hemolytic anemias includes using the micro-Coombs' test and ektacytometry. Finally, a number of causes have been identified for normocytic anemia without reticulocytosis, including normocytic megaloblastic anemia and the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.
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PMID:Laboratory evaluation of anemia. 357 35

Twenty-six adult patients with histologically confirmed celiac disease on gluten-free diet after apparent disease remission were reexamined at 4-6 months intervals for a mean period of 55.4 months (range 13-137). Eight patients remained clinically well with normal blood tests. Eighteen patients had clinical or biological abnormalities. Eleven patients reported repeated episodes of meteorism and abdominal pain and/or diarrhea which disappeared in 2 after lactose withdrawal. Iron deficiency and macrocytic anemia were sometimes observed in 5 and 4 patients respectively. Altered plasma calcium, phosphorus and alkaline phosphatase and/or bone densitometry findings were detected in 7 patients. Seventeen patients (12 presenting some of the above findings) agreed to a repeat biopsy: 13 of these showed grade II and 4 grade III abnormalities. Although adult celiac patients may show marked improvement during gluten-free diet, minor clinical disturbances and biochemical abnormalities may still be present.
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PMID:Clinical, biochemical and histological abnormalities in adult celiac patients on gluten-free diet. 408 41

Anemia is a frequent finding in the elderly. Hypochromic microcytic anemia, usually secondary to iron deficiency, is the most common type. Macrocytic anemia, usually caused by folic acid or vitamin B12 deficiency, is the next most common. Both iron and vitamin B deficiencies are easy to treat with supplements, but the clinician must make a careful search for the cause of the deficiency. Normochromic normocytic anemia can be caused by a number of conditions. The only effective treatment is arrest or cure of the underlying disorder.
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PMID:Anemia in the elderly. Common causes and suggested diagnostic approach. 683 71

A stratified probability sample (n = 986) with quotas was drawn from black residential areas in the Cape Peninsula, South Africa. Subjects (n = 819) aged 15-64 years, participated in a coronary heart disease (CHD) risk factor survey, the BRISK Study. Nutritional status and prevalence of CHD was determined in this population undergoing rapid urbanization. Full blood and differential white blood cell counts provided data to calculate population reference values based on the 95% reference limits of the haematological parameter. Mean haemoglobin concentrations (Hb) in men (14.0 g/dl) and women (12.4 g/dl) were +/- 1.5 g/dl lower than previous South African reports. Mean BRISK Hb values were very similar to the World Health Organization's Hb cutoff criteria (< 13 g/dl men; < 12 g/dl women), indicating a possible high prevalence of anaemia. Significantly higher (P < 0.05) mean values for red cell indices were confirmed in men, which also reflected equally higher red blood cell counts (RBC), haematocrit (HCT) and mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH) values. Mean Hb values were significantly lower in the younger (15-24 years) and older (55-64 years) men compared with 25-54 year-olds (P < 0.05). Hypochromic microcytic anaemia was more prevalent in women, possibly due to iron deficiency (ID), while macrocytic anaemia was more prevalent in men. No significant differences were noted in mean total and differential white blood cell counts (WBC) between men and women.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:The haematological profile of urban black Africans aged 15-64 years in the Cape Peninsula. 778 49

Anemia in children is commonly encountered by the family physician. Multiple causes exist, but with a thorough history, a physical examination and limited laboratory evaluation a specific diagnosis can usually be established. The use of the mean corpuscular volume to classify the anemia as microcytic, normocytic or macrocytic is a standard diagnostic approach. The most common form of microcytic anemia is iron deficiency caused by reduced dietary intake. It is easily treatable with supplemental iron and early intervention may prevent later loss of cognitive function. Less common causes of microcytosis are thalassemia and lead poisoning. Normocytic anemia has many causes, making the diagnosis more difficult. The reticulocyte count will help narrow the differential diagnosis; however, additional testing may be necessary to rule out hemolysis, hemoglobinopathies, membrane defects and enzymopathies. Macrocytic anemia may be caused by a deficiency of folic acid and/or vitamin B12, hypothyroidism and liver disease. This form of anemia is uncommon in children.
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PMID:Anemia in children. 1168 80

Iron-deficiency anemia is one of the major problems encountered in renal transplant recipients. The aim of this retrospective study was to reevaluate the causes of anemia among 100 anemic kidney recipients. Patients with serum creatinine levels greater than 2 mg/dL were excluded from the study. Female patients were considered to be anemic if the hemoglobin was <12 g/dL for males, <13 g/dL. Complete blood count, serum creatinine, serum iron, iron-binding capacity, ferritin, transferrin saturation, erythrocyte folate, and serum vitamin B(12) levels were measured in all patients. Mean hemoglobin value was 10.2 +/- 1.4 g/dL for female and 9.9 +/- 1.3 for male patients, mean corpuscular volume (MCV) 91.3 +/- 4.9 fL. We observed normocytic anemia in 60, macrocytic anemia in 30, and microcytic anemia in 10 patients. A low level of serum folate was observed in 9 (15%) and of vitamin B(12) in 5 (8.8%) of 60 patients with normocytic anemia. Folate deficiency was found in 18 (60%) and vitamin B(12) deficiency in 12 (40%) of 30 patients with macrocytic anemia. All patients with microcytic anemia had iron deficiency. Splenomegaly was seen significantly more often in patients with macrocytic than normocytic anemia (P =.008). Folate and vitamin B(12) deficiency were the major causes of nutritional anemia; oral or parenteral supplementation with these vitamins is likely to cure the anemia in the majority of cases.
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PMID:Causes of anemia in renal transplant recipients. 1501 34

The purpose of this report is to describe 4 cases of Biermer's anemia observed in West Africa over a 7-year period. Severe asthenia was the main clinical manifestation. Laboratory tests consistently demonstrated macrocytic anemia usually with a deep drop in hemoglobin levels ranging from 40 to 84 g/l associated with various degrees of thrombocytopenia or leukopenia. Other consistent findings were bone marrow megaloblastosis, serum vitamin B12 deficiency, and intrinsic factor antibodies. In most cases diagnosis was established on the basis of therapeutic tests with subsequent confirmation. Treatment using vitamin B12 therapy was successful in all cases. The authors recommend iron deficiency testing during the course of the disease and gastric biopsy during fibroscopy of upper digestive tract even if no macroscopic lesions are found.
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PMID:[Four case reports of Biermer's anemia in West Africa]. 1507 22

The aim of the study was to examine the clinical utility of the reticulocyte hemoglobin content (CHr) in relation to the mean cell volume of the erythrocyte (MCV) and ferritin for the differential diagnosis of iron-deficient anemia (IDA). In 96 anemic patients classified according to morphology of erythrocytes, CHr indicated a high statistical difference between the non-anemic control group and microcytic (p < 0.001) and normocytic (p < 0.001) anemic groups, but was limited in patients with macrocytic anemia, for which reason they were excluded from the study. In the inflammatory disorders, ferritin concentration may be normal or increase due to acute phase response, which provides false information on a patient's iron status, but CHr indicated a high statistical difference between the control group and the non-inflammatory (p < 0.001) and inflammatory groups (p < 0.001). Receiver operator characteristic curve analysis demonstrates that CHr has a better overall sensitivity and specificity than MCV and ferritin in the diagnosis of iron deficiency compared to hemoglobin concentration.
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PMID:Reticulocyte hemoglobin content in the diagnosis of iron deficiency anemia. 1533 May 12


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